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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 |
Work, Energy, Power and Machines
|
Gears and Hydraulic Systems
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Understand gear systems and their operation -Calculate V.R. for gear systems -Explain hydraulic lift principle -Apply Pascal's principle to hydraulic systems -Calculate M.A. and V.R. for hydraulic systems |
Review inclined planes through Q/A
-Demonstration: gear system operation -Calculation of gear ratios and V.R. -Explanation of hydraulic lift principle -Demonstration: Pascal's principle using syringes -Calculation of hydraulic system parameters |
Gear wheels
-Bicycle for gear demonstration -Syringes of different sizes -Water -Tubes -Calculator -Hydraulic system diagrams -Gear ratio charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 116-119
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
Work, Energy, Power and Machines
|
Efficiency of Machines
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Understand factors affecting machine efficiency -Calculate efficiency using different methods -Investigate efficiency of various machines -Understand energy losses in machines -Discuss methods to improve efficiency |
Q/A on gears and hydraulic systems
-Investigation: efficiency of pulley system -Discussion on factors causing energy losses -Measurement of input and output work -Calculation of efficiency for different machines -Discussion on improving machine efficiency |
Various machines for testing
-Spring balances -Measuring tape -Stopwatch -Calculator -Efficiency measurement setup -Lubricants for demonstration |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 120-123
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
Work, Energy, Power and Machines
|
Efficiency of Machines
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Understand factors affecting machine efficiency -Calculate efficiency using different methods -Investigate efficiency of various machines -Understand energy losses in machines -Discuss methods to improve efficiency |
Q/A on gears and hydraulic systems
-Investigation: efficiency of pulley system -Discussion on factors causing energy losses -Measurement of input and output work -Calculation of efficiency for different machines -Discussion on improving machine efficiency |
Various machines for testing
-Spring balances -Measuring tape -Stopwatch -Calculator -Efficiency measurement setup -Lubricants for demonstration |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 120-123
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Electric Current and Measurement
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electric current and state its SI unit -Understand conventional current flow -Use ammeters correctly to measure current -Read ammeter scales accurately -Understand current as rate of flow of charge |
Q/A review on basic electricity from Form 2
-Definition of electric current and conventional flow -Demonstration: proper ammeter connection in series -Practice reading different ammeter scales -Discussion on digital vs analogue meters -Safety precautions when using electrical equipment |
Ammeters (analogue and digital)
-Dry cells -Connecting wires -Bulbs -Switches -Ammeter scale charts -Safety equipment |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 126-130
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Series and Parallel Circuits - Current Distribution
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate current in series circuits -Investigate current in parallel circuits -Apply Kirchhoff's current law -Understand current division in parallel circuits -Solve problems involving current distribution |
Review ammeter usage through Q/A
-Experiment: measuring current in series circuit -Experiment: measuring current in parallel circuit -Analysis of current readings and patterns -Statement of Kirchhoff's current law -Problem-solving on current distribution |
Multiple ammeters
-Bulbs -Connecting wires -Dry cells -Switches -Circuit boards -Calculator -Current distribution worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 130-133
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Potential Difference and Voltage Measurement
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define potential difference in terms of work done -State the SI unit of potential difference -Use voltmeters correctly to measure voltage -Understand voltage measurement across components -Read voltmeter scales accurately |
Q/A on current distribution
-Definition of potential difference and work done per unit charge -Demonstration: proper voltmeter connection in parallel -Practice measuring voltage across different components -Comparison of voltmeter and ammeter connections -Safety considerations in voltage measurement |
Voltmeters (analogue and digital)
-Dry cells -Resistors -Bulbs -Connecting wires -Switches -Voltmeter scale charts -Work and charge demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 126-129
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Potential Difference and Voltage Measurement
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define potential difference in terms of work done -State the SI unit of potential difference -Use voltmeters correctly to measure voltage -Understand voltage measurement across components -Read voltmeter scales accurately |
Q/A on current distribution
-Definition of potential difference and work done per unit charge -Demonstration: proper voltmeter connection in parallel -Practice measuring voltage across different components -Comparison of voltmeter and ammeter connections -Safety considerations in voltage measurement |
Voltmeters (analogue and digital)
-Dry cells -Resistors -Bulbs -Connecting wires -Switches -Voltmeter scale charts -Work and charge demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 126-129
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Series and Parallel Circuits - Voltage Distribution
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate voltage in series circuits -Investigate voltage in parallel circuits -Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law -Understand voltage division in series circuits -Solve problems involving voltage distribution |
Review voltage measurement through Q/A
-Experiment: measuring voltage across series components -Experiment: measuring voltage across parallel components -Analysis of voltage readings and patterns -Statement of Kirchhoff's voltage law -Problem-solving on voltage distribution |
Multiple voltmeters
-Various resistors -Connecting wires -Dry cells -Switches -Circuit boards -Calculator -Voltage distribution worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 130-133
|
|
| 3 | 4 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Ohm's Law - Investigation and Verification
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Ohm's law -Investigate relationship between voltage and current -Plot V-I graphs for ohmic conductors -Verify Ohm's law experimentally -Understand conditions for Ohm's law validity |
Q/A on voltage distribution
-Experiment: varying voltage and measuring current through resistor -Data collection and table completion -Plotting V-I graph and analyzing slope -Statement and verification of Ohm's law -Discussion on temperature and other conditions |
Rheostat
-Ammeter -Voltmeter -Resistor coils -Connecting wires -Dry cells -Graph paper -Calculator -Ruler |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 131-135
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Ohm's Law - Investigation and Verification
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Ohm's law -Investigate relationship between voltage and current -Plot V-I graphs for ohmic conductors -Verify Ohm's law experimentally -Understand conditions for Ohm's law validity |
Q/A on voltage distribution
-Experiment: varying voltage and measuring current through resistor -Data collection and table completion -Plotting V-I graph and analyzing slope -Statement and verification of Ohm's law -Discussion on temperature and other conditions |
Rheostat
-Ammeter -Voltmeter -Resistor coils -Connecting wires -Dry cells -Graph paper -Calculator -Ruler |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 131-135
|
|
| 4 | 1 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Electrical Resistance and Ohm's Law Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electrical resistance and its SI unit -Apply Ohm's law to calculate V, I, and R -Understand the relationship R = V/I -Solve problems using Ohm's law -Convert between different units of resistance |
Review Ohm's law investigation through Q/A
-Definition of electrical resistance as V/I ratio -Worked examples applying Ohm's law triangle -Unit conversions: Ω, kΩ, MΩ -Problem-solving session on Ohm's law calculations -Discussion on factors affecting resistance |
Calculator
-Ohm's law triangle charts -Resistor color code charts -Various resistors -Multimeter -Problem worksheets -Unit conversion charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 131-135
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Ohmic and Non-Ohmic Conductors
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Distinguish between ohmic and non-ohmic conductors -Investigate V-I characteristics of different materials -Understand why some materials don't obey Ohm's law -Analyze V-I graphs for various conductors -Identify practical applications of non-ohmic conductors |
Q/A on Ohm's law applications
-Experiment: V-I characteristics of filament bulb -Experiment: V-I characteristics of diode -Comparison of different V-I graph shapes -Discussion on temperature effects on resistance -Applications of non-ohmic conductors |
Filament bulbs
-Diodes -Thermistors -LDR -Ammeter -Voltmeter -Rheostat -Graph paper -Various conductors for testing |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 134-135
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Types of Resistors and Their Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify different types of resistors -Understand fixed and variable resistors -Read resistor color codes -Understand applications of special resistors -Use rheostats and potentiometers |
Review ohmic vs non-ohmic conductors through Q/A
-Identification of resistor types: carbon, wire-wound, variable -Practice reading resistor color codes -Demonstration: rheostat and potentiometer operation -Discussion on thermistors and LDR applications -Practical applications in circuits |
Various resistor types
-Color code charts -Rheostat -Potentiometer -Thermistor -LDR -Multimeter -Circuit boards -Application examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 135-140
|
|
| 4 | 4 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Types of Resistors and Their Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify different types of resistors -Understand fixed and variable resistors -Read resistor color codes -Understand applications of special resistors -Use rheostats and potentiometers |
Review ohmic vs non-ohmic conductors through Q/A
-Identification of resistor types: carbon, wire-wound, variable -Practice reading resistor color codes -Demonstration: rheostat and potentiometer operation -Discussion on thermistors and LDR applications -Practical applications in circuits |
Various resistor types
-Color code charts -Rheostat -Potentiometer -Thermistor -LDR -Multimeter -Circuit boards -Application examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 135-140
|
|
| 4 | 5 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Measurement of Resistance - Voltmeter-Ammeter Method
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe voltmeter-ammeter method -Set up circuits for resistance measurement -Calculate resistance from V and I readings -Understand limitations of the method -Analyze experimental errors |
Q/A on resistor types
-Setup of voltmeter-ammeter circuit -Measurement of voltage and current for unknown resistor -Calculation of resistance using R = V/I -Discussion on measurement errors and accuracy -Comparison with multimeter readings |
Unknown resistors
-Voltmeter -Ammeter -Rheostat -Connecting wires -Dry cells -Switches -Calculator -Multimeter for comparison |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 140-142
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Wheatstone Bridge Method
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Understand the principle of Wheatstone bridge -Set up Wheatstone bridge circuit -Balance the bridge for resistance measurement -Calculate unknown resistance using bridge equation -Appreciate accuracy of Wheatstone bridge method |
Review voltmeter-ammeter method through Q/A
-Introduction to Wheatstone bridge principle -Demonstration of bridge balance condition -Setup and operation of Wheatstone bridge -Calculation using R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄ -Comparison of accuracy with other methods |
Wheatstone bridge apparatus
-Galvanometer -Known resistors -Unknown resistors -Connecting wires -Battery -Calculator -Bridge equation charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 142-144
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Wheatstone Bridge Method
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Understand the principle of Wheatstone bridge -Set up Wheatstone bridge circuit -Balance the bridge for resistance measurement -Calculate unknown resistance using bridge equation -Appreciate accuracy of Wheatstone bridge method |
Review voltmeter-ammeter method through Q/A
-Introduction to Wheatstone bridge principle -Demonstration of bridge balance condition -Setup and operation of Wheatstone bridge -Calculation using R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄ -Comparison of accuracy with other methods |
Wheatstone bridge apparatus
-Galvanometer -Known resistors -Unknown resistors -Connecting wires -Battery -Calculator -Bridge equation charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 142-144
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Resistors in Series - Theory and Calculations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Derive formula for resistors in series -Calculate total resistance for series combination -Understand current and voltage in series circuits -Solve problems involving series resistors -Apply series resistance in circuit analysis |
Q/A on resistance measurement methods
-Derivation of Rs = R₁ + R₂ + R₃... -Demonstration: measuring total resistance of series combination -Analysis of current (same) and voltage (divided) in series -Worked examples on series resistance calculations -Problem-solving session |
Resistors of known values
-Multimeter -Connecting wires -Circuit boards -Calculator -Series circuit diagrams -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 144-147
|
|
| 5 | 4 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Resistors in Parallel - Theory and Calculations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Derive formula for resistors in parallel -Calculate total resistance for parallel combination -Understand current and voltage in parallel circuits -Solve problems involving parallel resistors -Apply parallel resistance in circuit analysis |
Review series resistance through Q/A
-Derivation of 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃... -Demonstration: measuring total resistance of parallel combination -Analysis of voltage (same) and current (divided) in parallel -Worked examples on parallel resistance calculations -Problem-solving session |
Resistors of known values
-Multimeter -Connecting wires -Circuit boards -Calculator -Parallel circuit diagrams -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 147-150
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Mixed Circuits - Series-Parallel Combinations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze circuits with series-parallel combinations -Apply reduction techniques to complex circuits -Calculate total resistance of mixed circuits -Determine current and voltage in different branches -Solve complex circuit problems |
Q/A on parallel resistance
-Introduction to mixed circuit analysis techniques -Step-by-step reduction of complex circuits -Worked examples on series-parallel combinations -Problem-solving on mixed circuits -Discussion on circuit analysis strategies |
Various resistors
-Circuit boards -Connecting wires -Multimeter -Calculator -Complex circuit diagrams -Step-by-step analysis charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Electromotive Force (EMF) and Terminal Voltage
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electromotive force (EMF) -Distinguish between EMF and terminal voltage -Understand the concept of lost voltage -Relate EMF to work done by the cell -Measure EMF using high resistance voltmeter |
Review mixed circuits through Q/A
-Definition of EMF as work done per unit charge -Demonstration: measuring EMF with open circuit -Comparison of EMF and terminal voltage under load -Discussion on energy conversion in cells -Measurement techniques for EMF |
High resistance voltmeter
-Various cells -Switches -Resistors -Connecting wires -EMF measurement setup -Energy conversion charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-152
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Electromotive Force (EMF) and Terminal Voltage
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electromotive force (EMF) -Distinguish between EMF and terminal voltage -Understand the concept of lost voltage -Relate EMF to work done by the cell -Measure EMF using high resistance voltmeter |
Review mixed circuits through Q/A
-Definition of EMF as work done per unit charge -Demonstration: measuring EMF with open circuit -Comparison of EMF and terminal voltage under load -Discussion on energy conversion in cells -Measurement techniques for EMF |
High resistance voltmeter
-Various cells -Switches -Resistors -Connecting wires -EMF measurement setup -Energy conversion charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-152
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Internal Resistance of Cells
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define internal resistance -Understand the relationship E = V + Ir -Calculate internal resistance experimentally -Understand factors affecting internal resistance -Apply internal resistance in circuit calculations |
Q/A on EMF concepts
-Introduction to internal resistance concept -Derivation of E = V + Ir relationship -Experiment: measuring internal resistance using different loads -Plotting E vs R graph to find internal resistance -Discussion on factors affecting internal resistance |
Various cells
-Resistors of different values -Voltmeter -Ammeter -Connecting wires -Graph paper -Calculator -Internal resistance apparatus |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
|
|
| 6 | 4 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Cells in Series and Parallel
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze cells connected in series -Analyze cells connected in parallel -Calculate total EMF and internal resistance -Understand advantages of different connections -Solve problems involving cell combinations |
Review internal resistance through Q/A
-Analysis of identical cells in series connection -Analysis of identical cells in parallel connection -Calculation of equivalent EMF and internal resistance -Discussion on practical applications and advantages -Problem-solving on cell combinations |
Multiple identical cells
-Connecting wires -Voltmeter -Ammeter -Resistors -Calculator -Cell combination diagrams -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 152-153
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Cells in Series and Parallel
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze cells connected in series -Analyze cells connected in parallel -Calculate total EMF and internal resistance -Understand advantages of different connections -Solve problems involving cell combinations |
Review internal resistance through Q/A
-Analysis of identical cells in series connection -Analysis of identical cells in parallel connection -Calculation of equivalent EMF and internal resistance -Discussion on practical applications and advantages -Problem-solving on cell combinations |
Multiple identical cells
-Connecting wires -Voltmeter -Ammeter -Resistors -Calculator -Cell combination diagrams -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 152-153
|
|
| 7 | 1 |
Current Electricity (II)
|
Advanced Circuit Analysis and Problem Solving
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Apply Kirchhoff's laws to complex circuits -Solve circuits with multiple sources -Analyze circuits with internal resistance -Use systematic approaches to circuit problems -Integrate all electricity concepts |
Q/A on cell combinations
-Application of Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws -Systematic approach to complex circuit analysis -Worked examples with multiple EMF sources -Problem-solving session covering all electricity topics -Discussion on practical circuit applications |
Complex circuit examples
-Calculator -Circuit analysis worksheets -Multiple EMF sources -Various resistors -Comprehensive problem sets -Kirchhoff's law charts |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 126-153
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
Waves II
|
Properties of waves
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define wavelength, frequency, amplitude and wavefront - Explain rectilinear propagation of waves - Describe wave production in ripple tank - Calculate wave speed using v=fλ |
Q/A on wave basics from Form 2
- Demonstration of wave production using ripple tank - Observation of rectilinear propagation - Calculations on wave speed |
Ripple tank, Straight vibrator, Water, Rulers, Stroboscope, Charts on wave properties
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 156-158
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
Waves II
|
Reflection of waves
Refraction of waves |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State laws of reflection for waves - Describe experiments showing reflection - Sketch reflected wave patterns - Explain behavior at different reflectors |
Review of reflection principles
- Experiment showing plane waves on straight reflector - Observation of circular waves on concave and convex reflectors - Drawing wavefront diagrams |
Ripple tank, Plane wave generator, Curved and straight reflectors, Graph paper, Pencils
Ripple tank, Glass plates, Water, Rulers for measurement, Frequency generator |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 158-161
|
|
| 7 | 4 |
Waves II
|
Diffraction of waves
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define diffraction - Explain factors affecting extent of diffraction - Describe experiments showing diffraction - Compare diffraction through different gap sizes |
Demonstration of diffraction using various gap sizes
- Observation of spreading effect - Investigation of relationship between gap size and wavelength - Practical measurements |
Ripple tank, Barriers with gaps, Various gap sizes, Measuring instruments, Wave generator
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 163-165
|
|
| 7 | 5 |
Waves II
|
Interference patterns
Constructive and destructive interference |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define interference and superposition principle - Explain constructive and destructive interference - Describe formation of interference patterns - Calculate path differences |
Demonstration using two coherent sources
- Construction of interference patterns on paper - Observation of nodal and antinodal lines - Discussion on coherent sources |
Two-point sources, Graph paper, Compass, Rulers, Ripple tank setup, Audio frequency generator
Two loudspeakers, Audio generator, Microphone, Sound level meter, Connecting wires |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 165-167
|
|
| 8 | 1 |
Waves II
|
Stationary waves formation
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define stationary waves - Explain formation from two opposing waves - Identify nodes and antinodes - Calculate distances between nodes |
Demonstration using vibrating string
- Setup with tuning fork and pulley - Observation of stationary wave patterns - Measurements of wavelength |
Tuning fork, String, Pulley, Weights, Stroboscope, Measuring tape, Retort stands
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 167-170
|
|
| 8 | 2 |
Waves II
|
Modes of vibration in strings
Vibrating air columns - closed pipes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Derive expressions for fundamental frequency - Explain harmonics and overtones - Calculate frequencies of overtones - Demonstrate different modes |
Discussion on fundamental and overtone frequencies
- Mathematical derivation of frequency formulas - Practical demonstration of string vibrations - Problem solving |
Sonometer, Tuning forks, Weights, Measuring instruments, Calculator, Formula charts
Closed pipes of various lengths, Tuning forks, Water, Measuring cylinders, Resonance tubes |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 170-172
|
|
| 8 | 3 |
Waves II
|
Vibrating air columns - open pipes
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare open and closed pipe resonance - Derive frequency formulas for open pipes - Explain harmonic series differences - Solve numerical problems |
Experiment with open pipe resonance
- Comparison with closed pipe results - Mathematical problem solving - Summary of all wave phenomena |
Open pipes, Tuning forks, Sound level meters, Calculators, Summary charts, Past papers
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 174-176
|
|
| 8 | 4 |
Waves II
|
Vibrating air columns - open pipes
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare open and closed pipe resonance - Derive frequency formulas for open pipes - Explain harmonic series differences - Solve numerical problems |
Experiment with open pipe resonance
- Comparison with closed pipe results - Mathematical problem solving - Summary of all wave phenomena |
Open pipes, Tuning forks, Sound level meters, Calculators, Summary charts, Past papers
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 174-176
|
|
| 8 | 5 |
Electrostatics II
|
Electric field patterns and charge distribution
Lightning arrestor and capacitance introduction |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electric field and electric field lines - Demonstrate field patterns using chalk dust method - Describe charge distribution on spherical and pear-shaped conductors - Use proof-plane and electroscope to test charge distribution |
Q/A on electrostatics basics from Form 2
- Experiment using chalk dust in castor oil to show field patterns - Investigation of charge distribution using proof-plane - Observation of electroscope deflections at different conductor points |
High voltage source, Wire electrodes, Petri-dish, Castor oil, Chalk dust, Spherical and pear-shaped conductors, Proof-plane, Gold-leaf electroscope
Wind-mill model, Point charges, Lightning arrestor photos, Parallel-plate capacitors, Battery, Voltmeter, Milliammeter |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 177-181
|
|
| 9 |
MID TERM |
|||||||
| 10 | 1 |
Electrostatics II
|
Factors affecting capacitance and types of capacitors
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate effect of plate separation, area and dielectric on capacitance - Derive capacitance formula C = εA/d - Describe paper, electrolytic and variable capacitors - Explain construction principles |
Experiment varying plate separation and area
- Investigation using different dielectric materials - Mathematical derivation of capacitance formula - Examination of different capacitor types and their construction |
Aluminium plates, Various dielectric materials, Electroscope, Paper capacitors, Electrolytic capacitors, Variable air capacitors, Measuring instruments
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 185-188
|
|
| 10 | 2 |
Electrostatics II
|
Capacitors in series and parallel
Energy stored in capacitors |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Derive effective capacitance for series combination - Derive effective capacitance for parallel combination - Explain charge and voltage relationships - Calculate individual charges and voltages |
Mathematical derivation of series formula (1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂)
- Mathematical derivation of parallel formula (C = C₁ + C₂) - Problem solving with capacitor combinations - Practical verification using circuits |
Capacitors of different values, Voltmeters, Ammeters, Battery, Connecting wires, Calculators, Circuit boards
Charged capacitors, Energy calculation worksheets, Graphing materials, Calculators, Safety equipment |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 10 | 3 |
Electrostatics II
|
Complex capacitor problems
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve problems involving mixed series and parallel combinations - Calculate charges, voltages and energies in complex circuits - Apply energy conservation principles - Analyze capacitor charging and discharging |
Problem solving with complex capacitor networks
- Analysis of charging and discharging processes - Energy transfer calculations - Graph interpretation of charging curves |
Complex circuit diagrams, Advanced problem worksheets, Graphing materials, Calculators, Past examination papers
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 188-193
|
|
| 10 | 4 |
Electrostatics II
Heating Effect of Electric Current |
Applications of capacitors
Introduction to heating effect |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain use in rectification and smoothing circuits - Describe applications in tuning circuits - State use in delay circuits and camera flash - Solve comprehensive numerical problems on all topics |
Discussion on practical applications in electronics
- Demonstration of smoothing circuits - Explanation of tuning and delay functions - Comprehensive revision and problem solving covering all electrostatics topics |
Circuit diagrams, Smoothing circuit demo, Radio tuning circuits, Camera flash unit, Revision charts, Past examination papers
Battery, Resistance wire coils, Ammeter, Variable resistor, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Connecting wires |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 192-193
|
|
| 10 | 5 |
Heating Effect of Electric Current
|
Factors affecting heat produced - current and time
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate relationship between heat produced and current - Investigate relationship between heat produced and time - Plot graphs of temperature vs current² and time - State H ∝ I²t relationship |
Experiment varying current and measuring temperature change
- Investigation of heating time relationship - Data collection and graph plotting - Mathematical analysis of relationships |
Resistance coils, Variable resistor, Ammeter, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Graph paper, Different current values
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 197-199
|
|
| 11 | 1 |
Heating Effect of Electric Current
|
Factors affecting heat produced - resistance
Joule's law and electrical energy |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate relationship between heat produced and resistance - Compare heating in different resistance wires - State H ∝ R relationship - Derive complete heating formula H = I²Rt |
Experiment using coils of different resistance
- Temperature measurements with constant current - Comparison of heating rates - Mathematical derivation of heating law |
Coils of different resistance, Ammeter, Thermometer, Measuring instruments, Stopwatch, Calculation worksheets
Formula charts, Calculators, Problem worksheets, Electrical devices for analysis |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 199-200
|
|
| 11 | 2 |
Heating Effect of Electric Current
|
Electrical power and energy calculations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define electrical power P = VI = I²R = V²/R - Calculate electrical energy W = Pt - Convert between different units (J, kWh) - Solve complex power problems |
Derivation of electrical power formulas
- Energy unit conversions - Problem solving on household appliances - Cost calculations for electrical consumption |
Calculators, Unit conversion charts, Household appliance ratings, Electricity bills, Problem sets
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 201-202
|
|
| 11 | 3 |
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Quantity of Heat |
Applications - electrical lighting and heating devices
Heat capacity and specific heat capacity |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe working of filament lamp - Explain choice of tungsten for filaments - Describe working of electric iron, kettle and heaters - Compare energy saving bulbs |
Discussion on filament lamp construction
- Analysis of heating device designs - Examination of actual heating appliances - Efficiency comparisons |
Filament lamps, Electric iron, Electric kettle, Heating elements, Energy saving bulbs, Appliance diagrams
Charts on heat definitions, Calculators, Simple problem worksheets, Various materials for comparison |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 202-203
|
|
| 11 | 4 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Determination of specific heat capacity - method of mixtures for solids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe method of mixtures for solids - Perform experiment to determine specific heat capacity of metal - Apply heat balance principle - Calculate specific heat capacity from experimental data |
Experiment using hot metal block in cold water
- Measurement of temperatures and masses - Application of heat balance equation - Calculation of specific heat capacity from results |
Metal blocks, Beakers, Water, Thermometers, Weighing balance, Heat source, Well-lagged calorimeter, Stirrer
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 209-212
|
|
| 11 | 5 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Determination of specific heat capacity - electrical method
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe electrical method for solids - Perform electrical heating experiment - Calculate electrical energy supplied - Determine specific heat capacity using electrical method |
Experiment using electrical heating of metal block
- Measurement of voltage, current and time - Calculation of electrical energy supplied - Determination of specific heat capacity |
Metal cylinder with heater, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Insulating materials, Power supply
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 212-214
|
|
| 12 | 1 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Specific heat capacity of liquids and continuous flow method
Change of state and latent heat concepts |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine specific heat capacity of water by electrical method - Describe continuous flow method - Explain advantages of continuous flow method - Solve problems on specific heat capacity |
Electrical method experiment for water
- Discussion on continuous flow apparatus - Analysis of method advantages - Problem solving on specific heat calculations |
Calorimeter, Electrical heater, Water, Measuring instruments, Continuous flow apparatus diagram, Problem sets
Naphthalene, Test tubes, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Graph paper, Heat source, Cooling apparatus |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 214-217
|
|
| 12 | 2 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Specific latent heat of fusion
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define specific latent heat of fusion - Determine latent heat of ice by method of mixtures - Perform electrical method for latent heat - Calculate latent heat from experimental data |
Method of mixtures experiment using ice and warm water
- Electrical method using ice and immersion heater - Heat balance calculations - Determination of specific latent heat values |
Ice, Calorimeter, Thermometer, Electrical heater, Filter funnels, Beakers, Measuring cylinders
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 220-223
|
|
| 12 | 3 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Specific latent heat of vaporization
Effects of pressure and impurities on melting and boiling points |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define specific latent heat of vaporization - Determine latent heat of steam by condensation method - Perform electrical method for vaporization - Solve complex latent heat problems |
Steam condensation experiment in calorimeter
- Electrical method using boiling water - Calculation of latent heat of vaporization - Complex problem solving involving phase changes |
Steam generator, Condenser, Calorimeter, Electrical heater, Measuring instruments, Safety equipment
Ice blocks, Weighted wire, Round-bottomed flask, Thermometer, Salt solutions, Pressure cooker model |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 223-227
|
|
| 12 | 4 |
Quantity of Heat
|
Evaporation and cooling effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define evaporation and distinguish from boiling - Investigate factors affecting evaporation rate - Demonstrate cooling effect of evaporation - Explain applications of evaporation cooling |
Experiments on evaporation rate factors
- Demonstration of cooling by evaporation using ether - Investigation of surface area, temperature and humidity effects - Discussion on natural cooling systems |
Various liquids, Beakers, Fans, Thermometers, Ether, Test tubes, Humidity measuring devices
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 230-233
|
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