CLASSIFICATION II

Principles of classification of living organisms...
Binomial Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of classification of organisms.
Discuss the general principles of classification.
Identify major taxonomic units.

Q/A: To review Classification I.

Discussion of principles of classification of organisms.

Q/A: Major taxonomic units.

Chart- Taxonomic units.
Chart- Examples of generic and specific names of organisms.

KLB BK III.
PP 1-2. CERTIFICATE PG 1 

CLASSIFICATION II

Animal Kingdoms. Kingdom Monera.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the five animal kingdoms.

State characteristics of members of kingdom Monera.
To identify and draw various bacteria.
To explain how bacteria affect our lives.

Expository approach -The teacher will expose the five kingdoms.
Discussion- General characteristics of unicellular and microscopic organisms.
Drawing and labeling a bacterium.

Q/A: Economic importance of bacteria.

Chart- Types of bacteria

KLB BK III.P 3. CERTIFICATE PG 4

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Protoctista.
Organisms with varied forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To state general characteristics of members of kingdom Protoctista.

Teacher leads in a discussion.

chart
Wall charts.

KLB BK III.
PP 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 8

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms in pond water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organisms in pond water.

Examine a drop of pond water on a glass slide under a microscope.
Draw diagrams of organisms observed.
Compare the observed organisms with those previously drawn and labelled.

Microscope
Water dropper
Pond water
Glass slides.

KLB BK III. P. 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 10

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom fungi.
To discuss economic importance of fungi.
To state general characteristics of fungi.

Detailed discussion.
Exposition of new concepts/ terms.

Mushrooms,
Yeast,
Bread mould.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 11

CLASSIFICATION II

Diagrams of Fungi.
Kingdom Plantae. General characteristics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label various fungi.

Examine bread mould.
Draw and label diagrams of various fngi.

Wall charts,
Bread mould,
Yeast,
Edible mushroom.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 12

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Bryophyta External structure of a Bryophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general characteristics of Bryophyta.
To draw and label external features of an identified Bryophyta.
To identify features of Bryophyta.

Teacher leads in a discussion. Students examine moss plant under a hand lens, then
Draw and label the moss plant.

Moss plant,
Hand lens,
Slide.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 14

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Pteridophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Pteridophytes.
To draw and label external features of Pteridophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on characteristics of Pteridophytes.
Class experiments: To observe a live or preserved fern.
To draw and label the fern.

A live or preserved fern.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 15

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Spermatophyta.
Features of Spermatophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of spermatophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on spermatophytes.

text book
Complete specimens of bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG 16

CLASSIFICATION II

Sub-division Gymnospermatophyta.
Subdivision Angiospermaphyta.
Class Monocotyledonae.
Class Dicotyledonae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of gymnospermatophyta.
To list down characteristics of Monocotyledonae.

Detailed discussion.
Class experiments: Examine maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Discuss external features of the plants.

text book
Maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Bean plant/ black jack/ tea.

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16
KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Animalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of kingdom Animalia.

Q/A: To review general characteristics of animals as compared to those of plants.

text book

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 18

CLASSIFICATION II

Phyllum Arthropoda.
Class Crustacea.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Arthropoda.

Q/A: General characteristics of Arthropoda.

Specimens of a crab/ crayfish.

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 19

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Chilopoda.
Class Diplopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of a centipede.

Examine a centipede.
Draw and label a centipede.
Discuss general characteristics of Chilopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

A centipede.
A milipede.

KLB BK III. P 14. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Arachnida.
Class Insecta.
Phyllum Chordata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of mites, spiders, scorpions, ticks.
To identify general characteristics of chordates.

Examine specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Q/A: Differences between arachnids and members of other classes.
Discuss general characteristics of Arachnida.

Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.

Specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honey-bee, termite, e.t.c.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20
KLB BK III. PP 16-18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Pisces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.

Chart tilapia fish.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Amphibia.
Class Reptilia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.

Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.

Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Aves.
Class Mammalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of aves.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

Chart- Diagrams of birds.
Diagrams of various mammals.

KLB BK III. P 19. CERTIFICATE PG 24

CLASSIFICATION II

Dichotomous key.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.

Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.

KLB BK III. P 23. CERTIFICATE PG 27

CLASSIFICATION II

Dichotomous key.
Features for identifying animals / plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.
To list identification features for animals/ plants.

Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.
Teacher exposes features for identifying animals/ plants.

KLB BK III. P 23. CERTIFICATE PG 27
KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG 27

CLASSIFICATION II

Examples of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct dichotomous keys using leaves, stems, e.t.c.

Teacher leads through constructed dichotomous keys.

Chart- Constructed dichotomous keys.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG28

CLASSIFICATION II
ECOLOGY

Construction of dichotomous keys.
Concepts of ecology.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.

Supervised exercise.

Written exercise.

Exercise review.

Plants from different families.
Different plant species.
text book

KLB BK III. PP 24-30 CERTIFICATE PG30

ECOLOGY

Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.

Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.

text book

KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38

ECOLOGY

Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
Measuring abiotic factors.
Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
To measure abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.

Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.
Group activities- Measuring temperature, humidity, pH.
Answering related questions.

text book
Thermometers
pH meter e.t.c.
Chart , graphs.

KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG39

ECOLOGY

- Predation.
- Parasitism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a predator and a prey.
To describe adaptive characteristics of various predators.

Q/A: Pairs of predators and preys.
Discussion: Adaptive characteristics of leopards, hawks, praying mantis, lions, e.t.c

text book
Specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.

KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 51

ECOLOGY

- Symbiosis and Saprophytism.
The Nitrogen cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define symbiosis and saprophytism.
To explain economic importance of symbiosis and saprophytism.

Detailed discussion.

Examples of symbiants and saprophytic organisms.

text book
Chart-Nitrogen cycle.

KLB BK III. P 38. CERTIFICATE PG  57

ECOLOGY

Trophic levels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various trophic levels occupied by organisms.
To describe energy flow in an ecosystem.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis; carnivores, herbivores,
Discuss trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Flow chart- Energy flow in an ecosystem.

KLB BK III. PP 40-42 CERTIFICATE PG 43

ECOLOGY

Food chains.
Food webs.
Ecological pyramids of numbers.
Constructing Pyramid of numbers from given data.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a food chain.
To give examples of food chains.
To identify trophic levels of organism(s) in a food chain.

To represent feeding relationships and energy flow using pyramids of numbers.

Teacher gives an illustration of a food chain; then gives specific examples.
Q/A: Trophic levels of organisms in a food chain.


Q/A: Review trophic levels.
Teacher explains features of pyramid of numbers.

chart
charts
chart
text book

KLB BK III. P 42. CERTIFICATE PG46
KLB BK III. PP 41-42. CERTIFICATE PG 49

ECOLOGY

Inverted pyramid of numbers.
Pyramid of Biomass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples where an inverted pyramid of numbers exists; giving reasons thereof.

Representing inverted pyramid of numbers diagrammatically.

Chart- Inverted pyramid of numbers.
chart

KLB BK III. PP 43-44 CERTIFICATE PG 50

ECOLOGY

Population.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe some characteristics of populations.
To explain factors affecting population growth rate.

Q/A: Definition of population.
Discuss population density, dispersion and growth.
Q/A: Factors affecting population growth rate; including food availability, space, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, pests, e.t.c.

text book

KLB BK III. P 46.  CERTIFICATE PG 60