DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Definition of demand, effective demand and law of demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define demand and effective demand with examples
-Distinguish between desire and demand using real scenarios
-Explain purchasing power concept and its importance
-State the law of demand with detailed explanation
-Identify and explain ceteris paribus assumption
-Apply law of demand to various commodity examples

- Brainstorming on demand meaning using market scenarios
-Group discussions on desire vs demand with case studies
-Analysis of purchasing power using local examples
-Guided discovery of law of demand through price experiments
-Role play: buyer behavior at different price levels
-Practical applications using bread, milk, transport examples

Textbook, charts, local commodity examples, market scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 1-3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Demand schedule, demand curve and interpretation
Factors influencing demand - comprehensive analysis
Movement along demand curve vs shift in demand curve
Types of demand with detailed examples and applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare individual and market demand schedules
-Interpret demand schedule data and relationships
-Draw demand curves from demand schedules
-Explain downward sloping nature of demand curves
-Plot and identify specific points on demand curves
-Compare individual vs market demand curves
-Analyze Table 1.1 bread example in detail

- Practical preparation of demand schedules using textbook data
-Step-by-step construction of demand curves
-Analysis and interpretation of Table 1.1
-Guided plotting of Figure 1.2 with explanations
-Group work on creating different demand schedules
-Calculations and graph work with various commodities
-Discussion on slope significance and market implications

Textbook, graph papers, rulers, calculators, Table 1.1 data
Textbook, case studies, examples of complementary goods, cultural scenarios
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figure 1.3 and 1.4
Textbook, charts, local examples, case studies, Figure 1.5

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 3-4

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Meaning of supply, law of supply and supply schedule
Supply curve and factors influencing supply
Movement along supply curve, shift in supply curve and types of supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define supply with comprehensive explanation
-Explain supplier willingness and ability concepts
-Describe profit motive in supply decisions
-State law of supply with detailed explanation
-Identify ceteris paribus assumption in supply
-Prepare supply schedules from given data
-Interpret supply schedule information
-Analyze Table 1.2 eggs example in detail
-Compare supply patterns across different commodities

- Brainstorming on supply meaning using supplier perspectives
-Discussion on profit motives through case studies
-Guided discovery of law of supply using price-supply experiments
-Practical preparation of supply schedules using Table 1.2
-Step-by-step analysis of eggs supply example
-Calculations showing price-supply relationships
-Group work on supply schedule interpretations
-Role play: supplier decision-making at different prices

Textbook, calculators, Table 1.2 data, charts, supplier examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, Figure 1.6, case studies, technology examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.7 and 1.8, agricultural examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 6-8

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity and market analysis
Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define equilibrium price and quantity concepts
-Explain equilibrium point in market context
-Use combined demand and supply schedules
-Determine equilibrium from Table 1.3 pen example
-Draw combined demand-supply curves
-Identify equilibrium point graphically
-Analyze Figure 1.9 in comprehensive detail
-Explain market stability and price mechanism
-Calculate equilibrium values from different scenarios

- Detailed analysis of Table 1.3 pen example
-Step-by-step calculations for equilibrium determination
-Guided construction of combined demand-supply curves
-Analysis of Figure 1.9 with intersection point identification
-Discussion on market stability and forces
-Practical exercises with different commodity examples
-Group work on equilibrium calculations
-Role play: market reaching equilibrium

Textbook, calculators, graph papers, rulers, Table 1.3 data, Figure 1.9
Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 10-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in demand on equilibrium
Effects of changes in supply on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand increase effects
-Examine effects of decrease in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand decrease effects
-Compare increase vs decrease effects
-Predict new equilibrium positions
-Apply to real market situations with examples

- Guided analysis of demand increase using Figure 1.10
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward demand shift
-Analysis of price rising from OP₁ to OP₂
-Examination of quantity increase from OQ₁ to OQ₂
-Detailed analysis of demand decrease using Figure 1.11
-Drawing of leftward demand shift
-Discussion on lowering effects on price and quantity
-Comparison exercises between increase and decrease
-Practical applications to consumer behavior changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.10 and 1.11
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.12 and 1.13

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 12-14

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Simultaneous changes in demand and supply
Other price determination methods and pertinent issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze simultaneous increase in demand and supply
-Examine increase in demand with decrease in supply
-Study decrease in demand with decrease in supply
-Analyze decrease in demand with increase in supply
-Understand proportionate vs disproportionate changes
-Predict effects on equilibrium price and quantity
-Draw complex diagrams showing simultaneous changes
-Compare all four combination scenarios
-Apply to real market situations

- Comprehensive analysis of Figure 1.14 (both increase)
-Detailed examination of Figure 1.15 (demand up, supply down)
-Analysis of Figure 1.16 (both decrease)
-Study of Figure 1.17 (demand down, supply up)
-Group work on proportionate change analysis
-Drawing of complex equilibrium diagrams
-Discussion on big vs small changes in price/quantity
-Practical exercises with different scenarios
-Case studies on real market simultaneous changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17
Textbook, case studies, government pricing examples, business ethics scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 16-18

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Concept of firm and industry, factors determining size of firm

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define firm and industry with comprehensive examples
-Distinguish between firm and industry using local examples
-Identify and explain factors determining firm size
-Analyze number of employees as size determinant
-Examine volume of output and area covered
-Evaluate capital investment and market size factors
-Assess level of technology impact on firm size
-Classify firms as small, medium or large using criteria

- Brainstorming on firm vs industry concepts
-Case studies on sugar companies (Mumias, Sony, Chemelil)
-Analysis of salt mining firms (Magadi Soda Company)
-Group work on transport industry examples
-Discussion on employee numbers in different firms
-Examination of output volumes and premises size
-Analysis of capital investment requirements
-Classification exercises using local business examples

Textbook, local business examples, charts, case studies

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 18-19

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Factors limiting firm size and production decisions
Government policies and location factors - comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain factors limiting firm size
-Analyze market size impact on firm expansion
-Examine availability of factors of production
-Discuss nature of product/service limitations
-Evaluate owner's decision impact on firm size
-Explain entrepreneurial decisions on production
-Analyze factors influencing what to produce
-Examine demand, resources and skills requirements
-Discuss technology, returns and cost considerations

- Case studies on transport industry reforms 2004
-Discussion on medical care and hairdressing services
-Analysis of owner preferences for small-scale operations
-Group work on production decision factors
-Examination of market demand analysis
-Discussion on resource availability for production
-Analysis of skill requirements for different businesses
-Case studies on technology choice decisions

Textbook, transport industry examples, service business cases, charts
Textbook, government policy examples, Figure 2.1, infrastructure maps

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 19-20

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Transport networks, security and localization concepts
Advantages and disadvantages of localization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate transport network importance for firm location
-Analyze road, railway, seaport and airport requirements
-Examine government physical planning policies
-Assess security services availability impact
-Discuss room for expansion considerations
-Analyze favorable climatic conditions for agro-businesses
-Define localization and territorial division of labor
-Explain firm concentration in favorable areas
-Identify advantages of localization for businesses

- Analysis of transport infrastructure requirements
-Discussion on roads, railways and ports accessibility
-Case studies on government physical planning
-Examination of security considerations for businesses
-Group work on expansion space requirements
-Analysis of floriculture and dairy farming locations
-Discussion on localization concept and examples
-Case studies on industrial area concentrations
-Analysis of specialized area development

Textbook, transport maps, security examples, agricultural cases
Textbook, employment data, environmental examples, urban planning cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 22-23

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Delocalisation policy and implementation
Advantages and disadvantages of delocalisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define delocalisation and balanced industrial development
-Identify circumstances requiring delocalisation policy
-Analyze need to curb urban migration
-Examine urban unemployment reduction strategies
-Discuss balanced economic development goals
-Evaluate government facilitation measures
-Analyze provision of free/cheap locational sites
-Examine tax benefits and bureaucracy removal
-Discuss infrastructure development and security improvement
-Evaluate corruption eradication and transparency measures

- Discussion on delocalisation concept and policy
-Analysis of urban migration problems
-Case studies on unemployment in urban areas
-Group work on balanced development strategies
-Examination of government incentive measures
-Discussion on free sites provision in rural areas
-Analysis of tax reduction benefits
-Case studies on bureaucracy removal
-Examination of infrastructure development needs
-Discussion on transparency in business transactions

Textbook, government policy documents, rural development cases
Textbook, rural development examples, cost-benefit analysis

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 24-25

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Economies of scale - internal economies comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economies of scale and their importance
-Distinguish between internal and external economies
-Analyze purchasing economies and bulk buying benefits
-Examine technical economies and specialized machinery
-Discuss staff economies and specialized personnel
-Evaluate financial economies and access to capital
-Analyze selling and marketing economies
-Examine staff welfare economies and employee benefits
-Discuss research economies and development benefits
-Evaluate inventory and transport economies

- Definition and explanation of economies concept
-Analysis of bulk purchasing discounts
-Case studies on specialized machinery benefits
-Discussion on specialized staff advantages
-Examination of asset-based borrowing capacity
-Group work on marketing advantages
-Analysis of employee welfare provision
-Case studies on research and development
-Discussion on inventory management benefits
-Examination of transport cost advantages

Textbook, business examples, machinery illustrations, financial cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25-27

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

External economies and specialization benefits
Diseconomies of scale - internal and external

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define external economies and their sources
-Analyze easier access to skilled labor pools
-Examine efficient infrastructure benefits
-Discuss auxiliary services availability
-Evaluate easy access to raw materials
-Analyze mutual consultations and collaborations
-Examine decentralization and disintegration economies
-Distinguish horizontal and vertical decentralization
-Discuss textile industry and jua kali examples
-Analyze publishing industry specialization

- Discussion on external economies concept
-Analysis of labor pool availability
-Case studies on infrastructure sharing
-Examination of banking and insurance services
-Group work on raw materials access
-Discussion on industry collaboration benefits
-Analysis of horizontal decentralization examples
-Case studies on vertical decentralization
-Examination of textile industry specialization
-Discussion on publishing industry processes

Textbook, industry examples, infrastructure maps, specialization cases
Textbook, Figure 2.2, cost analysis examples, industry cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 27-28

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Existence of small firms and their advantages
Environmental impact and health implications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze reasons for small firm survival
-Examine less capital requirements for small firms
-Discuss limited market suitability for small operations
-Evaluate simplicity of small firm management
-Analyze personalized service advantages
-Examine flexibility benefits of small firms
-Discuss quick decision-making advantages
-Evaluate convenient location benefits
-Compare small vs large firm advantages
-Assess market conditions favoring small firms

- Discussion on small firm survival factors
-Analysis of capital requirement differences
-Case studies on Kenyan market limitations
-Examination of management simplicity
-Group work on personal contact benefits
-Discussion on business flexibility advantages
-Analysis of decision-making speed
-Case studies on convenient customer locations
-Comparison exercises between firm sizes
-Examination of developing country markets

Textbook, small business examples, market analysis, comparison charts
Textbook, environmental examples, health data, pollution cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 29-30

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Maintaining healthy environment and business responsibility
Pertinent issues - workers' rights and child labor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to maintain healthy environment
-Analyze business responsibility to society
-Examine environmental conservation for future generations
-Discuss value addition to environment concept
-Evaluate general cleanliness and hygiene maintenance
-Analyze pollution control measures
-Examine appropriate farming and technology use
-Discuss afforestation and re-afforestation activities
-Evaluate appropriate mining and fishing techniques
-Assess environmental law observance requirements

- Discussion on business environmental responsibility
-Analysis of environmental conservation importance
-Case studies on value addition to environment
-Group work on cleanliness maintenance methods
-Examination of pollution control techniques
-Discussion on appropriate farming methods
-Analysis of afforestation programs
-Case studies on sustainable mining practices
-Examination of environmental law compliance
-Discussion on protective equipment provision

Textbook, environmental conservation examples, law documents
Textbook, labor law documents, case studies, Children's Act

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
PRODUCT MARKETS

Environmental degradation, localization effects and practical applications
Learning activities - market identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze environmental degradation from production
-Examine waste disposal and pollution control
-Discuss global warming contribution
-Evaluate localization concentration effects
-Analyze unplanned urban development
-Examine congestion and housing shortages
-Discuss crime and prostitution increases
-Evaluate government intervention needs
-Apply all concepts to real business situations
-Prepare comprehensive assessment review

- Discussion on environmental responsibility
-Analysis of waste disposal methods
-Case studies on global warming effects
-Group work on localization problems
-Examination of urban planning challenges
-Discussion on social problem increases
-Analysis of government intervention strategies
-Practical application exercises
-Comprehensive review of all concepts
-Assessment preparation activities

Textbook, environmental cases, urban planning examples, assessment materials
Market visit guides, observation sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 32-33

PRODUCT MARKETS

Learning activities - trader interviews

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interview local traders
-Determine trader market types
-Analyze business operations
-Examine pricing strategies
-Assess customer relations

- Trader interview activities
-Data collection exercises
-Analysis of business practices
-Group work on findings
-Examination of market behavior

Interview guides, data collection sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Meaning of distribution and process
Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define distribution and explain its derivation
-Analyze the wide range of distribution activities
-Examine material handling, storage, packaging and transportation
-Explain how distribution bridges producer-consumer gap
-Describe the process from production to consumption
-Identify the role of intermediaries in distribution

- Discussion on distribution meaning and activities
-Analysis of material handling and storage
-Case studies on packaging and transportation
-Group work on producer-consumer gap
-Examination of distribution process
-Role play on intermediary functions

Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials
Textbook, trader examples, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors
Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze export merchants and their operations
-Examine import merchants and direct importers
-Discuss stockist distributors and specialization
-Evaluate merchant traders' market assistance
-Analyze skilled staff employment by stockists
-Examine after-sale services provision

- Discussion on export/import operations
-Analysis of merchant trader functions
-Case studies on stockist specialization
-Group work on market assistance
-Examination of after-sale services
-Practical examples of merchant operations

Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases
Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers
Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define brokers and their connecting functions
-Analyze export and import broker operations
-Examine clearing and forwarding agents
-Discuss warehouse keepers and storage services
-Analyze brokerage and demurrage fees
-Evaluate lien rights of agents

- Discussion on broker functions
-Analysis of clearing agent services
-Case studies on warehousing operations
-Group work on fee structures
-Examination of lien rights
-Practical examples of non-trading agents

Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases
Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define channel levels and intermediary numbers
-Analyze zero-level direct marketing
-Examine one-level channels and Bata example
-Discuss two-level consumer goods channels
-Analyze three-level intermediary chains
-Evaluate channel level selection factors

- Discussion on channel level concepts
-Analysis of Figures 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
-Case studies on Bata Shoe Company
-Group work on level comparisons
-Examination of consumer goods distribution
-Practical examples of all channel levels

Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Four-level channels and product distribution patterns
Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze four-level channel complexity
-Examine agricultural produce distribution
-Discuss farmer-cooperative-board-retailer chains
-Analyze locally produced agricultural goods
-Examine locally manufactured goods distribution
-Evaluate imported goods distribution patterns

- Discussion on four-level channels
-Analysis of Figures 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
-Case studies on agricultural marketing
-Group work on manufacturing distribution
-Examination of import channels
-Practical examples of all product types

Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples
Textbook, channel selection examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Product nature and market development factors
Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze product nature impact on channels
-Examine high unit value products
-Discuss perishable goods distribution
-Analyze standardization effects
-Examine market development stages
-Evaluate new vs established product channels

- Discussion on product characteristics
-Analysis of value and perishability
-Case studies on standardization
-Group work on market development
-Examination of product lifecycle
-Practical examples of product-channel matching

Textbook, product examples, market cases
Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49-50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Choice of specific intermediary within channels
Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze extent of coverage requirements
-Examine continuity guarantee importance
-Discuss intermediary reputation factors
-Evaluate other products handled
-Analyze effectiveness and reliability
-Examine credibility and trading standards

- Discussion on intermediary selection
-Analysis of coverage requirements
-Case studies on reputation factors
-Group work on effectiveness measures
-Examination of reliability factors
-Practical examples of selection criteria

Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases
Textbook, health examples, safety cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Child labor and environmental degradation issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze child labor temptations in distribution
-Examine under-age employment illegality
-Discuss children's rights violations
-Analyze environmental degradation from trucks
-Examine pollution from distribution activities
-Evaluate proper worker employment practices

- Discussion on child labor issues
-Analysis of rights violations
-Case studies on environmental damage
-Group work on pollution prevention
-Examination of proper employment
-Practical examples of responsible practices

Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices
Learning activities, research and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze bribery in distribution operations
-Examine traffic police corruption
-Discuss overloading and rule adherence
-Evaluate ethical business practices
-Analyze public interest considerations
-Examine fair play in distribution business

- Discussion on corruption problems
-Analysis of bribery effects
-Case studies on rule adherence
-Group work on ethical practices
-Examination of public interest
-Practical examples of fair business

Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases
Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52

NATIONAL INCOME

Meaning of national income and basic concepts
GDP, NDP and GNP definitions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define national income from nation and income components
-Analyze money value of goods and services produced
-Examine Figure 5.1 sources of income
-Define GDP, NDP, GNP, NNP concepts
-Distinguish between gross and net products
-Analyze American economist's definition

- Discussion on national income meaning
-Analysis of Figure 5.1 income sources
-Case studies on money value measurement
-Group work on concept definitions
-Examination of gross vs net differences
-Practical examples of national income

Textbook, Figure 5.1, income examples
Textbook, production examples, calculation sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 54-55

NATIONAL INCOME

NNP, NNI and per capita income
Circular flow of income - two-sector economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Net National Product and depreciation
-Analyze NNP formula and capital consumption
-Examine Net National Income at factor cost
-Discuss subsidies and indirect taxes
-Define per capita income calculation
-Analyze average income per head concept

- Discussion on NNP and depreciation
-Analysis of capital consumption
-Case studies on NNI calculation
-Group work on per capita income
-Examination of tax and subsidy effects
-Practical calculations of income measures

Textbook, calculators, formula sheets
Textbook, Figure 5.2, flow diagrams

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 56

NATIONAL INCOME

Four-sector closed economy circular flow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze Figure 5.3 four-sector model
-Examine government and financial sectors
-Discuss tax payments and government services
-Analyze savings and investment flows
-Examine commercial bank roles
-Evaluate four-sector assumptions

- Discussion on four-sector complexity
-Analysis of Figure 5.3 comprehensive study
-Case studies on government intervention
-Group work on financial sector roles
-Examination of savings-investment link
-Practical examples of four-sector flow

Textbook, Figure 5.3, sector examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 57-58

NATIONAL INCOME

Open economy and injections/withdrawals
Methods of measuring national income - income approach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze Figure 5.4 open economy model
-Examine foreign sector interactions
-Discuss exports, imports and foreign investment
-Define injections and withdrawals
-Analyze equilibrium national income
-Examine S+T+M = I+X+G formula

- Discussion on open economy complexity
-Analysis of Figure 5.4 comprehensive study
-Case studies on foreign interactions
-Group work on injection/withdrawal concepts
-Examination of equilibrium conditions
-Practical examples of open economy

Textbook, Figure 5.4, equilibrium examples
Textbook, income examples, calculation sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 58-59

NATIONAL INCOME

Problems of income approach and output approach
Output approach problems and expenditure approach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze income approach problems
-Examine inaccurate data issues
-Discuss double counting problems
-Evaluate subsistence sector challenges
-Define output approach methodology
-Analyze value added concept with Example 5.1

- Discussion on income approach limitations
-Analysis of data accuracy problems
-Case studies on double counting
-Group work on Example 5.1 bread production
-Examination of value added calculations
-Practical examples of output measurement

Textbook, Example 5.1, calculation sheets
Textbook, expenditure examples, formula sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 60-62

NATIONAL INCOME

Problems in measuring national income
Additional measurement problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze comprehensive measurement problems
-Examine depreciation estimation challenges
-Discuss what to include/exclude decisions
-Evaluate subsistence output valuation
-Analyze double counting dangers
-Examine incomplete data issues

- Discussion on measurement challenges
-Analysis of Figure 5.5 subsistence output
-Case studies on inclusion/exclusion decisions
-Group work on data completeness
-Examination of valuation difficulties
-Practical examples of measurement problems

Textbook, Figure 5.5, measurement examples
Textbook, Figure 5.6, valuation examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 63-64

NATIONAL INCOME

Per capita income and economic welfare

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economic welfare concept
-Analyze per capita income as welfare measure
-Examine limitations of per capita income
-Discuss statistical problems
-Analyze money value change effects
-Evaluate international comparison difficulties

- Discussion on economic welfare
-Analysis of per capita limitations
-Case studies on statistical problems
-Group work on comparison difficulties
-Examination of welfare measurement
-Practical examples of welfare indicators

Textbook, welfare examples, comparison charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 65-66

NATIONAL INCOME

International comparison problems
Uses of national income statistics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze currency differences
-Examine pricing structure variations
-Discuss climatic condition effects
-Evaluate cultural differences impact
-Analyze working condition variations
-Examine income distribution effects

- Discussion on comparison challenges
-Analysis of currency conversion problems
-Case studies on cultural differences
-Group work on working conditions
-Examination of distribution effects
-Practical examples of comparison difficulties

Textbook, international examples, comparison cases
Textbook, Table 5.1, statistics examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 66-68

NATIONAL INCOME
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Factors influencing national income level
Introduction to population and sources of data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze quantity and quality of factors
-Examine technical know-how importance
-Discuss political stability effects
-Evaluate subsistence sector proportion
-Analyze work culture attitudes
-Examine accounting system accuracy

- Discussion on influencing factors
-Analysis of factor quality importance
-Case studies on political stability
-Group work on work culture effects
-Examination of accounting systems
-Practical examples of level determinants

Textbook, factor examples, level cases
Textbook, census examples, demographic data

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 69-70

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Sample surveys and registration methods
Basic population concepts - fertility and birth rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze sample surveys as population data source
-Examine Kenya National Bureau of Statistics role
-Discuss sample survey advantages
-Analyze registration of births and deaths
-Examine certificate issuance process
-Evaluate fertility, mortality, migration components

- Discussion on sample survey benefits
-Analysis of KNBS functions
-Case studies on birth/death registration
-Group work on survey advantages
-Examination of migration effects
-Practical examples of registration systems

Textbook, survey examples, registration cases
Textbook, Example 6.1, calculators, formula sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 72-73

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Mortality rates and migration concepts
Population growth rates and African comparisons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mortality and death rate concepts
-Analyze Figure 6.1 improved healthcare
-Examine crude death rate formula
-Calculate Example 6.2 Uganda death rate
-Define infant mortality rate
-Analyze migration, immigration, and emigration

- Discussion on mortality concepts
-Analysis of Figure 6.1 healthcare improvements
-Case studies on Example 6.2 calculations
-Group work on migration patterns
-Examination of infant mortality
-Practical mortality rate calculations

Textbook, Figure 6.1, Example 6.2, calculators
Textbook, Table 6.1, calculators, comparison charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 74-75

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Overpopulation - definition and advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define overpopulation comprehensively
-Analyze population explosion concept
-Examine factors leading to overpopulation
-Discuss advantages: large markets, labor availability
-Analyze investment expansion benefits
-Examine resource utilization improvements

- Discussion on overpopulation definition
-Analysis of population explosion factors
-Case studies on market advantages
-Group work on labor availability
-Examination of investment benefits
-Practical examples of resource utilization

Textbook, overpopulation examples, advantage cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 76-77

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Disadvantages of overpopulation
Under-population and declining population

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze rural-urban migration effects
-Examine poor living standards
-Discuss food shortages and famines
-Evaluate inflationary tendencies
-Analyze increased dependency burden
-Examine strain on social amenities

- Discussion on migration problems
-Analysis of living standard deterioration
-Case studies on food shortages
-Group work on inflation effects
-Examination of dependency issues
-Practical examples of social strain

Textbook, migration examples, shortage cases
Textbook, under-population examples, decline cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 77-78

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Optimum population and dependency concepts
Ageing and young populations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define optimum population concept
-Analyze Figure 6.3 population curves
-Examine equilibrium between population and resources
-Define dependency ratio/burden
-Analyze dependency ratio measurement
-Examine high dependency effects on development

- Discussion on optimum population
-Analysis of Figure 6.3 comprehensive study
-Case studies on resource equilibrium
-Group work on dependency calculations
-Examination of development effects
-Practical examples of dependency burden

Textbook, Figure 6.3, dependency examples
Textbook, ageing examples, youth cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 79-80

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Population structure and Kenya's demographics
Population pyramids and international comparisons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define population structure comprehensively
-Analyze Tables 6.2 and 6.3 Kenya data
-Examine age and gender distribution
-Discuss Kenya's demographic features
-Analyze economically active vs dependants
-Examine literacy and rural-urban distribution

- Discussion on population structure
-Analysis of Tables 6.2 and 6.3 detailed study
-Case studies on Kenya's demographics
-Group work on age distribution
-Examination of economic activity
-Practical examples of structural analysis

Textbook, Tables 6.2 and 6.3, demographic data
Textbook, Figures 6.4 and 6.5, pyramid examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 81-83

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Economic growth vs development and population effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economic growth and development
-Analyze economic growth formula
-Examine development vs growth differences
-Discuss rapid population growth problems
-Analyze low living standards effects
-Examine capital formation challenges

- Discussion on growth vs development
-Analysis of formula applications
-Case studies on population effects
-Group work on living standards
-Examination of capital formation
-Practical examples of development challenges

Textbook, formula sheets, development examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 84-85

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Population effects on technology, land, and labor
Population control methods and employment concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze unemployment from high population
-Examine technology dependency effects
-Discuss land fragmentation problems
-Analyze labor force quality issues
-Examine social problems from overcrowding
-Evaluate Figure 6.6 vicious cycle

- Discussion on unemployment causes
-Analysis of technology challenges
-Case studies on land fragmentation
-Group work on labor quality
-Examination of Figure 6.6 cycle
-Practical examples of population pressure

Textbook, Figure 6.6, land examples
Textbook, control examples, employment cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 85-86

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Unemployment types and causes
Technological and other unemployment types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define unemployment comprehensively
-Analyze Figure 6.7 unemployed youth
-Examine unemployment consequences
-Discuss voluntary vs involuntary unemployment
-Analyze structural and cyclical unemployment
-Examine disguised and seasonal unemployment

- Discussion on unemployment definition
-Analysis of Figure 6.7 youth unemployment
-Case studies on unemployment types
-Group work on structural changes
-Examination of seasonal variations
-Practical examples of unemployment causes

Textbook, Figure 6.7, unemployment examples
Textbook, technology examples, cost cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 87-88

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Solving unemployment and pertinent issues
Pertinent issues - data honesty, HIV/AIDS, and poverty
Learning activities, review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze unemployment solution strategies
-Examine rural-urban migration reduction
-Discuss informal sector improvement
-Evaluate education system changes
-Analyze appropriate technology use
-Examine land reform importance

- Discussion on solution strategies
-Analysis of Figure 6.9 jua kali environment
-Case studies on sector improvements
-Group work on education reforms
-Examination of technology appropriateness
-Practical examples of solutions

Textbook, Figure 6.9, solution examples
Textbook, Figure 6.10, poverty examples
Research guides, interview forms, assessment materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 89-90