Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter
Properties of matter - States of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- Spotlight science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment
- Sportlight Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 60
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids
Properties of matter - Mass of solids
Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of solids
- Describe the shapes of various solids
- Appreciate the use of solids in daily life

- Observe the shapes of various solids in their environment
- Record the shapes of solid objects such as walls, desks, chairs, duster, chalk, and pens in their classroom
- Touch the solids and try to squeeze them
- Observe if the shape changes and record observations
- Discuss the shapes of solids in pictures

Why are solids grouped as matter?

-Sportlight Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- Pen and notebook
-Sportlight Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone
-Sportlight Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 64
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids
Properties of matter - Mass of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a simple beam balance
- Compare the masses of various solids
- Show interest in comparing the masses of different solids

- Collect different solids from the local environment
- Make a simple beam balance
- Use the beam balance to compare the masses of various collected solids
- Identify which solids are heavy and which are light
- Record observations in a table

How can we compare the masses of different solids?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 65
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of gases
Properties of matter - Mass of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of gases
- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Appreciate the existence of gases in the environment

- Blow air into balloons of different sizes
- Observe what happens when air is blown into the balloons
- Observe what happens when air is released from the balloons
- Discuss why balloons collapse when air is released
- Record observations

How do we know gases exist even though we can't see them?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Volume of gases
Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Explain why water doesn't enter an inverted glass
- Value the importance of air in daily life

- Use glue to fix a piece of cloth/tissue paper on the inner bottom of a glass
- Turn the glass upside down and push it gently into water
- Remove the glass gently while holding it upside down
- Check if the piece of cloth/tissue paper gets wet
- Explain observations

How can we demonstrate that air occupies space?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Matter

Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solid waste
- Identify different types of solid waste
- Develop interest in proper management of solid waste

- Read the story about schools holding sports events
- Discuss the meaning of solid waste
- Identify types of solid waste likely generated during sports events
- Discuss what would happen if waste is dumped carelessly
- Share findings

What is solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to decomposable waste over time
- Show interest in management of decomposable waste

- Study pictures of decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens when banana peels or food leftovers are left in a covered container for a week
- Explain the process of decomposition
- Record observations

What happens to decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste
Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sort solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Place sorted waste in appropriate dustbins
- Appreciate the importance of sorting waste

- Identify and collect solid waste in the school compound with teacher guidance
- Observe safety measures during collection activities
- Sort the solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Put them in two separate dustbins
- List examples of decomposable and non-decomposable waste

Why is it important to sort solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school
Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions
Management of solid waste - Safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste produced in public functions
- Apply the 3Rs in managing waste from public functions
- Value responsible waste management at public events

- Identify and discuss various types of solid waste likely to be produced in public functions
- Categorize waste into decomposable and non-decomposable
- Discuss management of plastic bottles, food remains, glass bottles, broken bottles
- Discuss how event planners can help manage waste
- Discuss application of 3Rs in waste management

How can we manage waste generated at public functions?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures of public events
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Project planning
Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin
Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify steps for making items from waste
- Plan a project using waste materials
- Show creativity in planning a project

- Discuss steps for making items from waste materials
- Identify locally available materials for projects
- Plan for making a waste bin, toys, or ornaments
- Record project plans

How do we plan a project using waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments

- Observation - Planning assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation
Water conservation - Water wastage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of water conservation
- Identify the need for water conservation
- Appreciate the importance of water conservation

- Study pictures related to water conservation
- Brainstorm on the meaning of water conservation
- Discuss why we should use water wisely
- Record and share findings

What is the meaning of water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage in school
Water conservation - Water wastage at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted in school
- Explain consequences of water wastage in school
- Value responsible water use in school

- Study pictures showing water use in school
- Discuss whether water is being used well
- Brainstorm on consequences of not turning off taps
- Discuss appropriate use of sprinklers
- Suggest what to do when encountering damaged pipes
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely
Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of using water wisely
- Distinguish between wise and unwise water use
- Value proper water use practices

- Identify and discuss ways to use water wisely at home and school
- Complete a table showing whether different water uses are wise or wasteful
- Record and share findings with classmates

How can we use water wisely?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Chart showing different ways of using water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reducing water usage
Water conservation - Reusing water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reducing water usage
- Apply water-reducing techniques in daily activities
- Value water-saving practices

- Discuss ways of conserving water by reducing usage
- Explore examples: using glass/cup when brushing teeth, closing taps during soaping, using buckets instead of showers
- Discuss other methods of reducing water usage
- Record and share findings

How can we reduce water usage in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Recycling water
Water conservation - Importance of water conservation
Water conservation - Responsible water use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of recycling water
- Identify ways of recycling water
- Value the importance of recycling water

- Discuss the concept of recycling water
- Explore examples: treating used water to remove impurities before reuse
- Discuss how industries recycle water
- Record and share findings with classmates

How is water recycled for reuse?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters
Force and its Effect - Meaning of force
Force and its Effect - Types of forces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create posters on water conservation
- Explain the importance of water conservation through posters
- Show creativity in designing water conservation posters

- Study sample posters on water conservation
- Prepare posters to sensitize community members on water conservation
- Include key messages on water conservation
- Display posters and share messages with others

How can we use posters to promote water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 111
- Digital media
- Heavy objects for moving
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Digital resources

- Observation - Product assessment - Creativity evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Force of gravity
Force and its Effect - Force of friction
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the force of gravity
- Demonstrate the existence of force of gravity
- Appreciate the importance of gravity in nature

- Search for information about force of gravity using textbooks or digital media
- Throw a ball upwards and observe it falling back
- Discuss why ripe fruits fall from trees
- Share findings with peers

Why does a ball fall back to the ground when we throw it upwards?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Balls
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 114
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Open space for activities
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Swings
- Hard surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can hold objects together
- Identify situations where force holds objects
- Show interest in learning how objects are held together

- Join pieces of wood with nails or glue under teacher guidance
- Try to pull apart the joined pieces
- Discuss what holds the two pieces together
- Observe safety measures when using tools

How is force applied to hold objects together?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- Sandpaper
- Wood planer
- Smooth and rough surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how lubricants reduce friction
- Identify situations where lubricants are used
- Appreciate the importance of lubricants in daily activities

- Observe a tailor maintaining a sewing machine
- Discuss why doors make squeaky noises
- Identify machines that require oiling/greasing
- Record observations in notebooks

Why do tailors apply oil to the moving parts of a sewing machine?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- Rollers
- Pictures of ball bearings
- Heavy objects for demonstrations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Meaning of light
Light - Sources of light: Natural sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of light
- Describe the importance of light for seeing
- Appreciate the value of light in our lives

- Darken the classroom by closing windows and curtains
- Try to read what is written on the board in darkness
- Discuss observations and meaning of light
- Compare reading in dark versus well-lit rooms

Can you see clearly in a dark room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Pictures of light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial sources of light
- Classify different artificial light sources
- Value the importance of artificial light

- Identify artificial sources of light (bulbs, lamps, candles)
- Classify different types of artificial light sources
- Discuss common sources of light at home and school
- Record observations

What are some common sources of light in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of light sources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification exercises

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of translucent materials
- Describe how translucent roofs allow light to pass through
- Value the use of translucent materials in lighting

- Search for information on the meaning of translucent
- Discuss how translucent roofs allow light to pass through
- Observe pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Record observations

How does sunlight enter into the building through the roof?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of lighting methods
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures of solar panels
- Digital resources
- Solar powered devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Plants and light
Light - Uses of light: Safety and security

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how plants use light
- Describe the importance of light for plant growth
- Value the role of light in nature

- Observe pictures showing plants in light and darkness
- Discuss why plants need sunlight for healthy growth
- Search for information on how plants use light
- Record observations

Why do plants require sunlight for healthy growth?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Pictures of plants
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health
Light - Applications of light: Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe good lighting for reading
- Explain how poor lighting affects eye health
- Value the importance of eye care

- Discuss why we strain our eyes in poorly lit rooms
- Explain why it's important to read in well-lit rooms
- Discuss eye care practices and the importance of reporting eye problems
- Record observations

Why do we strain our eyes when we try to read in a poorly-lit room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions
- Digital resources
- Pictures of traffic lights

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests
Light - Applications of light: Daily activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light discourages pests
- Identify pests that hide in dark places
- Show interest in maintaining well-lit spaces

- Observe pictures of pests that hide in dark places
- Discuss why pests like cockroaches and rats prefer darkness
- Explain how good lighting discourages pest breeding
- Record observations

Where do pests such as rats and cockroaches hide in the house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Pictures of pests
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Charts on light applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Summary and review
Heat - Meaning of heat
Heat - Sources of heat: Sun

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the various uses and applications of light
- Explain the importance of light in our lives
- Appreciate light as an essential resource

- Review all sources and applications of light
- Discuss the importance of light for vision and activities
- Complete assessment activities on light
- Share knowledge with peers

How does light affect our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Digital resources
- Assessment worksheets
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Pictures of solar cookers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Fire
Heat - Sources of heat: Gas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fire as a source of heat
- Describe materials used to make fire
- Value environmentally friendly fire sources

- Discuss various materials used to make fire
- Learn about briquettes and other eco-friendly fire sources
- Search for information about briquettes
- Record observations

How is fire made from recycled materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Pictures of fire sources
- Digital resources
- Samples of briquettes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Pictures of gas cylinders and cookers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Electricity
Heat - Uses of heat: Cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electricity as a source of heat
- Describe electric heating appliances
- Value safety when using electrical appliances

- Search for information on electricity as a heat source
- Identify electrical appliances that produce heat
- Discuss safety precautions when using electrical appliances
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using electricity as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Pictures of electric cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Pictures of cooking activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Warming
Heat - Uses of heat: Drying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for warming
- Demonstrate ways of generating body heat
- Value heat as a source of warmth

- Discuss ways people keep warm (rubbing hands, sitting near fire)
- Observe pictures of people and animals keeping warm
- Identify various sources of warmth
- Record observations

Why do we rub our hands against each other during the cold season?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Pictures of warming activities
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of drying activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Ironing
Heat - Safety measures when handling heat
Heat - Importance of heat in daily life
Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for ironing
- Identify various types of irons
- Show awareness of safety when ironing

- Observe pictures of different types of irons
- Discuss how various irons use heat sources
- Compare charcoal, gas, and electric irons
- Record observations

What sources of heat are used for ironing clothes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Pictures of different types of irons
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing safety practices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Pictures showing uses of heat
- Paper for patterns
- Fabric pieces
- Scissors
- Needles and thread

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments