Mixtures

Water Pollution - Meaning of Water Pollution
Water Pollution - Water Pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define water pollution
- Distinguish between clean and polluted water
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the meaning of water pollution
- Observe pictures of clean and polluted water
- Use digital devices to explore water pollution

Why is water pollution a concern?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Pictures of clean and polluted water
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 57
- School and neighborhood environment
- Protective gear (gumboots, gloves, masks)
- Recording materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Human Activities Causing Water Pollution
Water Pollution - Soil as a Water Pollutant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify human activities that cause water pollution
- Explain how these activities pollute water
- Show responsibility in preventing water pollution

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing activities that pollute water
- Discuss how human activities pollute water
- Identify activities in their locality that pollute water

How do human activities contribute to water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water pollution
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 59
- Pictures showing soil erosion

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on animals
- Identify animals affected by water pollution
- Show concern for animals affected by polluted water

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on animals
- Discuss how polluted water affects animals
- Create awareness posters on protecting animals from water pollution

How does water pollution affect animals?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Humans
Water Pollution - Effects on Plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on humans
- Identify diseases caused by polluted water
- Show concern for human health in relation to water quality

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on humans
- Discuss how polluted water affects human health
- Create awareness posters on protecting humans from water pollution

How does water pollution affect human health?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 61
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 62

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Waste Disposal)
Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Dirty Water Disposal)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing proper and improper waste disposal
- Discuss how proper waste disposal reduces water pollution
- Participate in a clean-up activity in the school compound

How can proper waste disposal reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 63
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste disposal
- Waste bins
- Protective gear
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 64
- Charts
- Art materials

- Observation schedules - Practical activities - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Soil Erosion Control)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of controlling soil erosion
- Explain how soil erosion control reduces water pollution
- Show interest in soil erosion control measures

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss methods of controlling soil erosion
- Identify areas in the school compound prone to soil erosion
- Suggest measures to control soil erosion in identified areas

How can soil erosion control reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 65
- Digital devices
- School compound
- Pictures showing soil erosion control

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Boiling)
Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Filtration)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of boiling water
- Demonstrate boiling as a water treatment method
- Appreciate the importance of boiling water

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the process of boiling water for treatment
- Observe pictures showing water boiling
- Discuss safety measures when boiling water

How does boiling make water safe?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water boiling
- Heat source (under teacher supervision)
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 67
- Dirty water
- Filter materials (cloth, sand)
- Containers

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Chemical Treatment)
Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Solar Treatment)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain chemical treatment of water
- Identify safe chemicals used for water treatment
- Show caution when handling water treatment chemicals

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss chemical treatment of water
- Observe pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Discuss safety measures when using water treatment chemicals

How effective is chemical treatment of water?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 68
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Water treatment chemicals (under teacher supervision)
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 69
- Pictures showing solar water treatment
- Clear bottles for solar treatment demonstration

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a water filter project
- Identify materials needed for the water filter
- Show enthusiasm for the project

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what a water filter should include
- Plan a water filter using locally available materials
- Identify materials needed for the water filter

How can we design an effective water filter?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Digital devices
- Pictures of water filters
- Planning worksheets

- Project plans - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Construction
Water Pollution - Water Filter Testing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional water filter
- Explain how the water filter works
- Show creativity in filter construction

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a water filter
- Layer the filtering materials in the correct order
- Test the water filter

How can we construct a functional water filter?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Plastic bottles
- Gravel, sand, charcoal, cloth
- Scissors, string
- Dirty water
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Clean containers

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Mixtures
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water Pollution - Water Filter Presentation
Floating and Sinking - Demonstrating Floating and Sinking
Floating and Sinking - Classifying Objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present their water filters
- Explain the filtering process
- Show confidence in presenting their work

The learner is guided to:
- Present their completed water filters
- Explain how their filters work
- Demonstrate the filtering process

How effective are our water filters?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Presentation space
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 73
- Various objects (wooden sticks, stones, bottle tops, etc.)
- Container with water
- Digital resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 74
- Various objects
- Digital devices
- Chart paper

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Teacher observation

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Shape)
Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Weight)
Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Size)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how shape affects floating and sinking
- Demonstrate the effect of shape on floating and sinking
- Appreciate the role of shape in floating and sinking

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures of ships made of metal and metal coins
- Conduct experiments with bottle tops (normal and crushed)
- Conduct experiments with plasticine (ball and bowl shapes)

How does shape affect floating and sinking?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 75
- Bottle tops
- Plasticine
- Container with water
- Hammer (teacher use only)
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 76
- Containers of same size
- Sand, feathers or cotton wool
- Container with water
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 77
- Blocks of wood of different sizes
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Swimming)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Diving)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Lifesavers)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Water Transport)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking apply to swimming
- Identify safety measures in swimming
- Show awareness of water safety

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how floaters help in swimming
- Identify safety measures when swimming
- Create awareness posters on swimming safety

How are floaters useful in swimming?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 78
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing swimming
- Art materials
- Pictures showing diving
- Pictures showing lifesavers
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures showing water vessels

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Floods and Rescue)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking principles are applied during floods
- Identify flood safety measures
- Show concern for flood victims

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how flooding affects communities
- Identify safety measures during floods
- Discuss how floating devices are used in rescue operations

How are floating principles applied in flood rescue?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing floods and rescue operations
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Surfing)
Floating and Sinking - Lifesaver Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking apply to surfing
- Identify surfing safety measures
- Show interest in water sports

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how surfboards float on water
- Identify safety measures in surfing
- Discuss the importance of balance in surfing

How are floating principles applied in surfing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing surfing
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of lifesavers
- Planning worksheets

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Lifesaver Construction
Floating and Sinking - Assessment Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional lifesaver
- Explain how the lifesaver works
- Show creativity in lifesaver construction

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a lifesaver
- Ensure the lifesaver is functional
- Test the lifesaver in water (under teacher supervision)

How can we construct functional lifesavers?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 80
- Rubber tubes or plastics
- Air pump
- Rope
- Water source for testing
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 83
- Assessment worksheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Sources of Sound

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sound as a form of energy
- Identify sources of sound in the environment
- Appreciate the variety of sound sources

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss sound as a form of energy produced by vibration
- Identify different sources of sound in the environment
- Classify sound sources (blowing, hitting, plucking, shaking)

How is sound produced?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 84
- Various sound-producing objects
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Sound Production by Hitting
Sound Energy - Sound Production by Plucking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate sound production by hitting
- Explain how hitting produces sound
- Show interest in exploring sound production

The learner is guided to:
- Use a drum to demonstrate sound production by hitting
- Observe the effect of hitting softly versus hitting hard
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does hitting objects produce sound?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 85
- Drums or improvised drums
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 86
- Strings
- Desks
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Sound Production by Blowing
Sound Energy - Movement of Sound (All Directions)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate sound production by blowing
- Explain how blowing produces sound
- Show interest in exploring sound production

The learner is guided to:
- Use a flute to demonstrate sound production by blowing
- Observe the effect of blowing softly versus strongly
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does blowing produce sound?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 87
- Flutes or improvised flutes
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 88
- Sound sources (radio, bell, etc.)
- Open space
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Reflection of Sound (Echo)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the reflection of sound
- Identify situations where echo occurs
- Show interest in exploring echoes

The learner is guided to:
- Read a story about echo
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate echo
- Identify places where echo can be heard

What causes echoes?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 89
- Tubes made of rolled manila paper
- Large walls or buildings
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Multiple Echoes
Sound Energy - Sound Instrument Project (Drum)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain multiple echoes
- Demonstrate the occurrence of multiple echoes
- Show interest in exploring multiple echoes

The learner is guided to:
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate multiple echoes
- Identify places where multiple echoes can be heard
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How do multiple echoes occur?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 91
- Tubes made of rolled manila paper
- Environment with two walls or buildings
- Digital resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 92
- Empty tins
- Dry animal skin or alternative
- Strings
- Sticks

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Sound Instrument Project (Flute)
Sound Energy - Sound Instrument Project (Bell)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design and make a flute
- Explain how the flute produces sound
- Show creativity in flute making

The learner is guided to:
- Identify materials needed for making a flute
- Make a flute using locally available materials
- Test the flute and make improvements

How can we make a functional flute?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 93
- Straws, plastic pipes or bamboo
- Knife (teacher use only)
- Ruler
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 94
- Old car or motorcycle rim
- Piece of metal
- Rope

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Creating a Sound Game using Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Scratch to create a sound game
- Apply digital skills in sound programming
- Show creativity in digital sound creation

The learner is guided to:
- Learn the basics of Scratch programming
- Use Scratch to create a simple sound game
- Test and improve their sound games

How can technology enhance sound learning?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 95
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital resources
- Internet connection

- Digital projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Effects of Loud Sound
Sound Energy - Effects of Sound Pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify effects of loud sound on people
- Explain how loud sound can be harmful
- Show concern about noise pollution

The learner is guided to:
- Read a story about the effects of loud sound
- Discuss how loud sound affects people
- Identify situations where loud sound is harmful

What are the effects of loud sound?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 96
- Digital devices
- Charts showing effects of loud sound
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 97
- Charts
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Sound Energy - Government Role in Addressing Sound Pollution
Heat Transfer - Meaning of Heat Transfer

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of government in addressing sound pollution
- Identify sound regulations
- Show appreciation for sound pollution control

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the role of government in addressing sound pollution
- Identify sound regulations and their importance
- Create awareness posters on sound regulation

How does the government address sound pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 98
- Digital devices
- Charts showing government roles
- Reference materials
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 100
- Charts showing heat transfer
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Conduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain heat transfer by conduction
- Demonstrate heat transfer through solids
- Show interest in exploring conduction

The learner is guided to:
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate heat transfer through solids
- Observe how heat moves through metallic objects
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does heat move through solids?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 101
- Hot water in containers
- Metallic spoons
- Candles, matches, long nails
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Good and Poor Conductors
Heat Transfer - Applications of Conduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify materials as good or poor conductors of heat
- Test different materials for heat conduction
- Appreciate the importance of heat conductivity

The learner is guided to:
- Test different materials for heat conduction
- Classify materials as good or poor conductors
- Discuss applications of good and poor conductors

How can we classify materials based on heat conductivity?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 103
- Hot water
- Various materials (metal, wood, plastic)
- Cooking fat or petroleum jelly
- Digital resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 105
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing applications
- School kitchen (if available)

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Convection
Heat Transfer - Applications of Convection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain heat transfer by convection
- Demonstrate convection in liquids and gases
- Show interest in exploring convection

The learner is guided to:
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate convection in liquids
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate convection in gases
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does heat move through liquids and gases?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 108
- Containers with water
- Heat sources (under teacher supervision)
- Sand, paper bits
- Carton boxes
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 112
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing applications
- Art materials

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Radiation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain heat transfer by radiation
- Demonstrate heat transfer through radiation
- Show interest in exploring radiation

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss radiation as heat transfer without material contact
- Conduct experiments to demonstrate radiation
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does heat move through space?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 113
- Heat sources (under teacher supervision)
- Cooking fat or petroleum jelly
- Tables
- Digital resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Applications of Radiation
Heat Transfer - Safety Precautions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of radiation
- Explain how radiation is applied in daily life
- Show interest in radiation applications

The learner is guided to:
- Identify applications of radiation in daily life (drying clothes, warming by fire)
- Discuss how radiation works in these applications
- Create illustrations showing radiation applications

How is radiation applied in daily life?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 115
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing applications
- Art materials
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Protective equipment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Fire Emergency Response
Heat Transfer - Oven Gloves Project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to respond to fire emergencies
- Demonstrate proper fire emergency responses
- Show responsibility in emergency situations

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss ways to respond to fire emergencies
- Demonstrate proper emergency responses
- Create an emergency response plan

How should we respond to fire emergencies?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 117
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing emergency responses
- Charts
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 118
- Old pieces of heavy clothing
- Scissors
- Sewing needles and thread
- Marker pens

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Projects

Force and Energy

Heat Transfer - Fireless Cooker Project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design and make a fireless cooker
- Explain how a fireless cooker works
- Show creativity in fireless cooker making

The learner is guided to:
- Identify materials needed for making a fireless cooker
- Make a fireless cooker using locally available materials
- Test the effectiveness of the fireless cooker

How can we make a functional fireless cooker?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 119
- Old cotton cloth
- Basket, bucket or clean dustbin with lid
- Scissors
- Sewing needles and thread

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment