Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Marginal information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret maps using marginal information
-Identify the different types of marginal information on a map
-Appreciate the use of marginal information to interpret maps

- Learners exchange new ideas when discussing in groups the marginal information on a map
-Learners present their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
-Maps
-Digital resources

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Types of scales
Map Reading and Interpretation - Scale conversions
Map Reading and Interpretation - Measuring distances
Map Reading and Interpretation - Calculating areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify types of scales used on maps
-Explain the uses of different scales
-Appreciate the use of marginal information to interpret maps

- Learners brainstorm on types and uses of scales (Statement scale, linear scale, and Representative fraction scale)
-Learners present their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 76
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Drainage features
Map Reading and Interpretation - Relief features
Map Reading and Interpretation - Vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain methods of representing drainage features on topographical maps
-Identify drainage features on maps
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners research on methods of representing drainage features
-Learners share their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Drawing diagrams
Map Reading and Interpretation - Critical thinking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw diagrams of the relief and drainage features on a topographical map
-Interpret physical features using diagrams
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners draw diagrams of the relief and drainage features on a topographical map
-Learners share their work in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Application
Map Reading and Interpretation - Practical application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of map reading in practical situations
-Interpret maps with different scales
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners interpret different types of maps
-Learners apply their knowledge in practical map reading exercises

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Factors influencing weather
Weather and Climate - Factors influencing climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the factors influencing weather in Africa
-Identify factors that affect day-to-day weather conditions
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners use print or digital resources to research on the factors influencing weather in Africa
-Learners share their findings in class

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Climatic regions
Weather and Climate - Desert regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the distribution of major climatic regions of Africa
-Draw a map showing climatic regions
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners draw a map of Africa and indicate the major climatic regions (desert, semi-desert, tropical, mediterranean and mountain)
-Learners display their maps in class

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
-Video clips

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Semi-desert regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of semi-desert regions in Africa
-Identify semi-desert regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of semi-desert regions
-Learners make short notes on the semi-desert regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
-Digital resources
-Video clips

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Tropical regions
Weather and Climate - Mediterranean regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of tropical regions in Africa
-Identify tropical regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of tropical regions
-Learners make short notes on the tropical regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 100

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Mountain regions
Weather and Climate - Stress management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of mountain regions in Africa
-Identify mountain regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of mountain regions
-Learners make short notes on the mountain regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Causes of climate change
Weather and Climate - Effects of climate change

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify causes of climate change
-Brainstorm on the causes of climate change
-Apply problem solving skills in addressing effects of climate change on the environment

- Learners brainstorm on the causes of climate change
-Learners share their findings in class

- How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Problem solving
Weather and Climate - Human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply problem solving skills to address effects of climate change
-Perform a skit on problem solving skills to address effects of climate change
-Apply problem solving skills in addressing effects of climate change on the environment

- Learners become aware of their own responsibility in the society as they perform a skit on problem solving skills to address effects of climate change
-Learners discuss problem solving approaches

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
-Resource person

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Factors influencing vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain factors influencing vegetation distribution in Africa
-Brainstorm on factors influencing vegetation in Africa
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners brainstorm in groups on factors influencing vegetation in Africa
-Learners do a presentation in class

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
-Digital resources
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Field excursion
Vegetation in Africa - Vegetation regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different types of vegetation in the immediate environment
-Carry out a field excursion to identify vegetation
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners carry out a field excursion of the immediate environment and identify the different types of vegetation
-Learners record their observations

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
-Digital resources
-Immediate environment
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Characteristics
Vegetation in Africa - Map drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the characteristics of major vegetation regions of Africa
-Identify the characteristics of vegetation in Africa
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners use digital or print resources to identify the characteristics of vegetation in Africa
-Learners discuss the characteristics of major vegetation regions

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
-Maps

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Conservation methods
Vegetation in Africa - Caring for vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply methods of conserving vegetation in the community
-Create posters on methods of conserving vegetation
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners create posters on methods of conserving vegetation in the locality
-Learners display their posters

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
-Digital resources
-Manila papers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Debate on the importance of vegetation in the community
-Make short notes on the importance of vegetation
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners speak clearly as they debate on the importance of vegetation in the community
-Learners make short notes on the importance of vegetation

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
-Digital resources
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Selected sites
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Map drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Locate selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Trace selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners use digital or print resources to trace selected historical sites and monuments in Africa (Fort Jesus, Kilwa, Great Zimbabwe, Giza pyramids, Meroe, Timbuktu, and Robben Island)
-Learners present their findings in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Importance
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Conservation ways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the importance of historical sites and monuments for the preservation of cultural heritage
-Brainstorm on the importance of historical sites and monuments
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners develop the skill of constructive dialogue as they brainstorm in groups on the importance of historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Learners share their findings in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Creative thinking
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Overcoming challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Discuss ways of applying creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners discuss ways of applying creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Learners share their ideas on creative approaches

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Photo album
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Field visit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Create an album of historical sites and monuments
-Collect pictures and photographs of historical sites and monuments
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners display national pride as they collect pictures and photographs and create an album of historical sites and monuments
-Learners display their albums in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
-Digital resources
-Pictures and photographs
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
-Historical site or monument

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments
Political Developments and Governance

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Awareness creation
The Constitution of Kenya - Components of the Constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Create awareness on conservation of historical sites and monuments
-Design posters for awareness creation
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners design posters to create awareness on the conservation of historical sites and monuments
-Learners display their posters in the school and community

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
-Digital resources
-Manila papers
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-130
-Flip charts/manila papers

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Three arms of government
The Constitution of Kenya - Guiding principles of leadership
The Constitution of Kenya - Assertiveness in leadership
The Constitution of Kenya - Interrelationships of the arms of government

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-State the three arms of government (knowledge)
-Illustrate the roles of the three arms of government of Kenya (skill)
-Appreciate the separation of powers in government (attitude)

-Participate in a dramatic simulation where learners are divided into three groups representing the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary to enact how a bill becomes law
-Design creative infographics showing the structure, functions and interrelationships of the three arms of government
-Create a classroom "governance corner" displaying the charts and models created

Why is separation of powers important in governance?

-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 131-132
-Flip charts/manila papers
-The Constitution of Kenya (Chapter 6)
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133-134
-Role-play scenarios
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-133
-Flip charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Group presentation

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Constitutional responsibilities
Human Rights - Introduction to Human Rights
Human Rights - Protection of Human Rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify citizens' constitutional responsibilities (knowledge)
-Demonstrate ways of fulfilling constitutional responsibilities (skill)
-Exhibit good leadership as intended in chapter six of the Constitution (attitude)

-Create a "Citizenship Pledge" where learners craft personal statements of how they will fulfill their constitutional responsibilities
-Design and perform a "Constitutional Responsibilities Anthem" that captures key citizen duties
-Develop a "Constitution Week" campaign for the school with posters, slogans, and activities to promote constitutional awareness

What are our responsibilities as citizens according to the Constitution?

-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 135-136
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137-138
-Manila papers
-Markers

-Observation -Written assignments -Project work

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights - Effective Communication on Human Rights
Human Rights - Children's Rights
Human Rights - Protection of Children's Rights
Human Rights - Societal Responsibility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline steps for effective communication (knowledge)
-Describe the process of effective communication on human rights issues (skill)
-Appreciate effective communication in addressing human rights issues (attitude)

-Participate in a "Communication Styles Analysis" where learners identify effective and ineffective ways to discuss human rights
-Create and perform "Human Rights Radio Shows" where learners design segments addressing human rights issues
-Develop "Persuasive Rights Messages" using different media (posters, songs, poems, social media posts) to promote human rights

How can effective communication foster respect for human rights?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
-Role-play scenarios
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
-Children's Act
-African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
-Manila papers
-Markers

-Observation -Oral questions -Role-play assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights - Human Rights Violations
Human Rights - Human Rights Organizations
Citizenship - Global Citizen
Citizenship - Responsibilities of a Global Citizen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify human rights violations (knowledge)
-Analyze causes and effects of human rights violations (skill)
-Show concern for human rights violations (attitude)

-Engage in a "Case Study Investigation" where groups analyze real examples of human rights violations and present findings
-Create a "Causes and Effects Web" showing the interconnections between different factors in human rights violations
-Develop "Rights Violation Early Warning Signs" posters to help identify potential rights abuses before they escalate

What are the consequences of human rights violations?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
-Newspaper articles
-Internet access
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
-Internet access
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-146
-Manila papers
-Markers

-Observation -Oral questions -Research assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship - Harmonious Coexistence
Citizenship - Social Entrepreneurship
Citizenship - Nobel Prize Nominees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify factors for harmonious coexistence (knowledge)
-Discuss factors for harmonious coexistence among citizens in East Africa and Africa (skill)
-Value harmonious coexistence (attitude)

-Create a "Harmony Garden" where learners plant symbolic "flowers" representing different factors that promote coexistence
-Design a "Coexistence Cookbook" with "recipes" for harmonious living among diverse groups
-Develop a "Peace Bridge" model showing how different factors connect communities across divides

What promotes harmonious coexistence among citizens?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146-147
-Manila papers
-Markers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-148
-Internet access
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148-149

-Observation -Oral questions -Group presentation

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship - Response to Injustice
Citizenship - Goal Setting
Citizenship - Empathy
Citizenship - Regional Anthems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify ways Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice (knowledge)
-Compare how different Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice (skill)
-Show respect for different approaches to addressing injustice (attitude)

-Engage in a "Nobel Response Comparison Matrix" where learners analyze different strategies used by nominees
-Create and perform "Injustice Response Tableaux" where groups physically recreate pivotal moments from nominees' lives
-Develop "Modern Day Applications" of nominees' strategies for addressing contemporary injustices

What can we learn from Nobel Prize nominees' responses to injustice?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-150
-Pictures of Nobel Prize nominees
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 150-151
-Manila papers
-Magazines for vision boards
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 151-152
-Pictures of volunteers addressing injustices
-Role-play scenarios
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 152-153
-EAC and AU anthems
-Audio equipment

-Observation -Oral questions -Debate assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship - East African Community (EAC)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Name the member states of the East African Community (knowledge)
-Explain the benefits of regional integration (skill)
-Value regional cooperation (attitude)

-Create a 3D "EAC Integration Map" showing connections between member states
-Participate in an "EAC Cultural Exchange" where groups research and share aspects of culture from different member states
-Design "Unity in Diversity" collaborative art pieces incorporating elements from all EAC countries

How does regional integration benefit citizens?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 153-154
-Maps of Africa
-Manila papers

-Observation -Written tests -Project work