Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Types of scales
Map Reading and Interpretation - Scale conversions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify types of scales used on maps
-Explain the uses of different scales
-Appreciate the use of marginal information to interpret maps

- Learners brainstorm on types and uses of scales (Statement scale, linear scale, and Representative fraction scale)
-Learners present their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 76
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Measuring distances
Map Reading and Interpretation - Calculating areas
Map Reading and Interpretation - Drainage features
Map Reading and Interpretation - Relief features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Measure distances on a topographical map
-Calculate distances using scales
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners measure distances on a topographical map
-Learners share their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Vegetation
Map Reading and Interpretation - Drawing diagrams
Map Reading and Interpretation - Critical thinking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain methods of representing vegetation on topographical maps
-Identify vegetation features on maps
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners research on methods of representing vegetation on maps
-Learners share their findings in class

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Map Reading and Interpretation - Application
Map Reading and Interpretation - Practical application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of map reading in practical situations
-Interpret maps with different scales
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation

- Learners interpret different types of maps
-Learners apply their knowledge in practical map reading exercises

How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Factors influencing weather
Weather and Climate - Factors influencing climate
Weather and Climate - Climatic regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the factors influencing weather in Africa
-Identify factors that affect day-to-day weather conditions
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners use print or digital resources to research on the factors influencing weather in Africa
-Learners share their findings in class

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Desert regions
Weather and Climate - Semi-desert regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of desert regions in Africa
-Identify desert regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of desert regions
-Learners make short notes on the desert regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Tropical regions
Weather and Climate - Mediterranean regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of tropical regions in Africa
-Identify tropical regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of tropical regions
-Learners make short notes on the tropical regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 100

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Mountain regions
Weather and Climate - Stress management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the characteristics of mountain regions in Africa
-Identify mountain regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of mountain regions
-Learners make short notes on the mountain regions

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Causes of climate change
Weather and Climate - Effects of climate change
Weather and Climate - Problem solving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify causes of climate change
-Brainstorm on the causes of climate change
-Apply problem solving skills in addressing effects of climate change on the environment

- Learners brainstorm on the causes of climate change
-Learners share their findings in class

- How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate - Human activities
Vegetation in Africa - Factors influencing vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the effects of weather and climate on human activities
-Engage with a resource person to discuss the effects of weather and climate
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities

- Learners find extra information as they engage with a resource person to discuss the effects of weather and climate on personal wellbeing and human activities
-Learners discuss the importance of addressing climate change

-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
-Digital resources
-Resource person
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Field excursion
Vegetation in Africa - Vegetation regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different types of vegetation in the immediate environment
-Carry out a field excursion to identify vegetation
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners carry out a field excursion of the immediate environment and identify the different types of vegetation
-Learners record their observations

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
-Digital resources
-Immediate environment
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
-Internet

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Characteristics
Vegetation in Africa - Map drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the characteristics of major vegetation regions of Africa
-Identify the characteristics of vegetation in Africa
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners use digital or print resources to identify the characteristics of vegetation in Africa
-Learners discuss the characteristics of major vegetation regions

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
-Maps

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Conservation methods
Vegetation in Africa - Caring for vegetation
Vegetation in Africa - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply methods of conserving vegetation in the community
-Create posters on methods of conserving vegetation
-Appreciate vegetation conservation within the environment

- Learners create posters on methods of conserving vegetation in the locality
-Learners display their posters

Why should we care for vegetation in our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
-Digital resources
-Manila papers
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 115

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Selected sites
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Map drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Locate selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Trace selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners use digital or print resources to trace selected historical sites and monuments in Africa (Fort Jesus, Kilwa, Great Zimbabwe, Giza pyramids, Meroe, Timbuktu, and Robben Island)
-Learners present their findings in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Importance
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Conservation ways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the importance of historical sites and monuments for the preservation of cultural heritage
-Brainstorm on the importance of historical sites and monuments
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners develop the skill of constructive dialogue as they brainstorm in groups on the importance of historical sites and monuments in Africa
-Learners share their findings in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Creative thinking
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Overcoming challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Discuss ways of applying creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners discuss ways of applying creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
-Learners share their ideas on creative approaches

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Photo album
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Field visit
Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Awareness creation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Create an album of historical sites and monuments
-Collect pictures and photographs of historical sites and monuments
-Value conservation of historical sites and monuments in the locality

- Learners display national pride as they collect pictures and photographs and create an album of historical sites and monuments
-Learners display their albums in class

Why should we conserve historical sites and monuments?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
-Digital resources
-Pictures and photographs
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
-Historical site or monument
-Manila papers

- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Components of the Constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Three arms of government
The Constitution of Kenya - Guiding principles of leadership
The Constitution of Kenya - Assertiveness in leadership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the components of the Constitution of Kenya (knowledge)
-Describe the structure of the Constitution of Kenya (skill)
-Show interest in understanding the Constitution of Kenya (attitude)

-Engage in a jigsaw learning activity where learners are assigned different chapters of the Constitution to study and then teach others
-Create a mind map showing the main components of the Constitution
-Conduct a gallery walk where groups display their mind maps and other groups provide feedback using sticky notes

Why do we need a constitution?

-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-130
-Flip charts/manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 131-132
-The Constitution of Kenya (Chapter 6)
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133-134
-Role-play scenarios

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Interrelationships of the arms of government
The Constitution of Kenya - Constitutional responsibilities
Human Rights - Introduction to Human Rights
Human Rights - Protection of Human Rights
Human Rights - Effective Communication on Human Rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe how the three arms of government work together (knowledge)
-Analyze the interrelationships of the arms of government (skill)
-Appreciate the need for checks and balances in governance (attitude)

-Participate in a "Checks and Balances Game" where teams propose actions from one arm of government and other teams must respond with appropriate checks
-Create a large 3D model showing the three arms of government as pillars supporting a roof labeled "Good Governance"
-Organize a classroom debate on "Does Kenya's system of checks and balances work effectively?" with teams presenting evidence

How do the three arms of government work together?

-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-133
-Flip charts
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 135-136
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137-138
-Manila papers
-Markers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
-Role-play scenarios

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights - Children's Rights
Human Rights - Protection of Children's Rights
Human Rights - Societal Responsibility
Human Rights - Human Rights Violations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-List children's rights in Kenya (knowledge)
-Outline the Children's Rights in Kenya (skill)
-Desire to promote children's rights (attitude)

-Create a "Children's Rights Quilt" where each learner decorates a square representing a specific children's right
-Produce a "Child-Friendly Rights Guide" in simple language to explain children's rights to younger students
-Organize a "Rights Awareness Day" with activities, games, and presentations focused on children's rights

How can we ensure children's rights are respected?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
-Children's Act
-African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
-Manila papers
-Markers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
-Newspaper articles
-Internet access

-Observation -Written tests -Project work

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights - Human Rights Organizations
Citizenship - Global Citizen
Citizenship - Responsibilities of a Global Citizen
Citizenship - Harmonious Coexistence
Citizenship - Social Entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Name human rights organizations in Kenya (knowledge)
-Describe the role of human rights organizations (skill)
-Appreciate the work of human rights organizations (attitude)

-Host a "Human Rights Organizations Fair" where groups research and create booths representing different organizations
-Conduct a "Rights Organization Profile Project" where learners create multimedia presentations about specific organizations
-Design "Thank You Cards" to send to local human rights organizations expressing appreciation for their work

How do human rights organizations help in protecting human rights?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
-Internet access
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-146
-Manila papers
-Markers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146-147
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-148

-Observation -Written tests -Project work

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship - Nobel Prize Nominees
Citizenship - Response to Injustice
Citizenship - Goal Setting
Citizenship - Empathy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Name Nobel Prize nominees who responded to injustice (knowledge)
-Explore ways in which Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice situations in the society (skill)
-Desire to emulate Nobel Prize nominees (attitude)

-Host a "Nobel Heroes Gallery" where learners create interactive displays about different nominees
-Participate in a "Nobel Inspiration Journal" activity where learners reflect on how nominees' work connects to their own lives
-Create "Nobel Nominee Trading Cards" featuring key information and inspirational quotes

How can we address injustice in society?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148-149
-Internet access
-Manila papers
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-150
-Pictures of Nobel Prize nominees
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 150-151
-Manila papers
-Magazines for vision boards
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 151-152
-Pictures of volunteers addressing injustices
-Role-play scenarios

-Observation -Oral questions -Research assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship - Regional Anthems
Citizenship - East African Community (EAC)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify regional anthems (knowledge)
-Sing Eastern Africa (EAC) and African Union (AU) anthems (skill)
-Appreciate regional integration (attitude)

-Engage in "Anthem Analysis" where learners explore the meaning and symbolism in regional anthems
-Create "Anthem Music Videos" with choreography and visual elements to enhance the message
-Organize an "International Anthem Festival" where groups perform anthems in different languages

Why are regional anthems important for citizenship?

-Digital resources
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 152-153
-EAC and AU anthems
-Audio equipment
-Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 153-154
-Maps of Africa
-Manila papers

-Observation -Oral questions -Performance assessment