RECEPTION, RESPONSE AND CO-ORDINATION

Balance and Posture Control
Ear Defects and Hearing Problems
Integration and Coordination Systems Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how ear maintains balance and posture. Describe role of semicircular canals and vestibule. Understand body balance mechanisms.
Identify ear defects and hearing problems. Explain causes of deafness and hearing loss. Describe prevention and treatment methods.

Exposition on balance control mechanisms using diagrams. Discussion on semicircular canals and their orientation. Explanation of otoliths and gravity detection. Simple balance experiments and demonstrations.
Discussion on types of deafness and their causes. Exposition on ear infections and prevention. Examples of hearing problems from local community. Health education on ear care and protection.

Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, simple materials for balance demonstration
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, local examples of hearing problems
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, review materials

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 114-115
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 115-116

RECEPTION, RESPONSE AND CO-ORDINATION
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Practical Applications and Assessment
Importance of Support and Movement; Plant Support Strategies
Tissue Arrangement in Monocot and Dicot Stems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply coordination concepts to real-life situations. Solve problems related to responses and coordination. Demonstrate understanding through practical exercises.

Practical problem-solving sessions. Case study analysis of coordination disorders. Application of concepts to agricultural and medical scenarios. Assessment activities and evaluation.

Textbook, assessment materials, local case studies, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, local plant specimens, herbaceous and woody plants for wilting experiment
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, fresh monocot stems (maize, sugarcane), fresh dicot stems (bean plants), razor blades, hand lenses

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 78-116

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Supporting Tissues in Plants and Their Functions
Types of Animal Skeletons
Fish Locomotion - Structure and Mechanism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of supporting tissues: collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem vessels, tracheids. Explain functions of each supporting tissue. Describe how these tissues provide mechanical strength. Compare tissue properties and locations.

Detailed exposition on supporting tissue types using diagrams. Discussion on tissue characteristics and functions. Examination of tissue examples in stem sections. Comparison of tissue properties and mechanical strength. Drawing tissue structures and arrangements.

Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, microscope slides (if available), fresh stem sections, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, arthropod specimens (grasshoppers, crabs), bone specimens, comparison charts
Textbook, fresh fish specimen, chalkboard, chalk, forceps, measuring tools, calculator, exercise books

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 121-125

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Human Axial Skeleton - Skull and Rib Cage
Vertebral Column - Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of human skull. Explain structure and function of rib cage. Understand protection and support roles. Identify bone features and adaptations.

Examination of skull and rib cage specimens or models. Drawing skull and rib cage structures. Discussion on brain and organ protection. Analysis of breathing movements and rib articulation. Identification of skull sutures and rib cage components.

Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, skull and rib cage specimens, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens, exercise books

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 130-131

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Vertebral Column - Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Bones
Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb Bones
Types of Joints and Their Structure
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints; Movement Mechanisms
Types of Muscle Tissue and Their Functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of lumbar vertebrae and their weight-bearing adaptations. Describe structure of sacral vertebrae and sacrum formation. Explain structure of caudal vertebrae. Compare all vertebrae types.
Identify types of joints: immovable, gliding, and movable (synovial). Describe structure of synovial joints including cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments. Explain joint components and their functions.

Examination of lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens. Drawing large centrum and processes of lumbar vertebrae. Study of sacrum formation and fusion. Discussion on weight support and regional specializations. Complete vertebral column analysis.
Examination of different joint types and synovial joint structure. Drawing synovial joint components. Discussion on cartilage function and synovial fluid properties. Analysis of joint mobility and stability. Practical observation of joint movements.

Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens, complete vertebral column
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pectoral girdle and forelimb bone specimens, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pelvic girdle and hindlimb bone specimens, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens or models, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens, practical movement demonstrations, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, muscle tissue comparison charts

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 134-136
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 140-141

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
Paper 1 Revision

Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction Mechanism
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Specializations
Short questions and diagrams questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe detailed structure of skeletal muscle fibers including myofibrils, actin, and myosin. Explain muscle contraction mechanism and sliding filament theory. Understand energy requirements and muscle fatigue.

Detailed exposition on muscle fiber structure using diagrams. Discussion on sliding filament theory and molecular basis of contraction. Explanation of ATP requirements and calcium ion role. Analysis of muscle fatigue and recovery. Practical muscle function demonstrations.

Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, detailed muscle structure diagrams
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, comprehensive muscle comparison tables
Paper 1 exams, diagrams,
marking schemes

KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 142-143

REVISION

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 3 Revision
Paper 3 Revision

Application questions
Observation, Identification, and Drawing questions.
Observation, Identification, and Drawing questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply knowledge to real-life
- Learn how to organize answers well- Revise experiments and results- Build confidence in answering under time

-Teacher demonstrates how to approach application questions
-Students attempt application questions as guided by the teacher.
-Peer and teacher marking with class discussion

Past Paper 1 exams, experiment charts, marking schemes
Paper 3 exams
specimens
drawing paper, pencils, photographs
marking schemes, projectors for displaying diagrams

Biology Paper 1 KLB Bks 1,2,3 and 4