INDUSTRY

Introduction and Factors Influencing Industrial Location
Factors Influencing Industrial Location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define industry and industrialisation. Distinguish between industrialised and less industrialised countries. Explain the role of capital and skilled manpower in industrial development. Account for the importance of raw materials and markets in industrial location.

Q/A on economic activities. Teacher explains industry concepts using Kenya vs South Africa examples. Discussion on capital and skilled manpower factors. Analysis of raw material proximity and market location with local examples.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 107-112

INDUSTRY

Types of Industries - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
Classification and Distribution of Industries in Kenya
Distribution of Industries in Kenya (continued)
Manufacturing Industries and Cottage Industries
Jua Kali Industries and Significance of Industrialisation
Significance of Industrialisation (continued) and Problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define and distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Give examples of each type in Kenya. Explain manufacturing and assembly industries. Describe service industries and their characteristics.

Teacher explains the three types of industries with examples. Discussion on manufacturing versus assembly industries. Analysis of motor vehicle assembly plants in Kenya. Students categorise local industries by type.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 113-119

INDUSTRY

Problems of Industrialisation and Solutions
Cottage Industry in India
Cottage Industry in India (continued) and Problems
Iron and Steel Industry in Ruhr Region of Germany
Iron and Steel Industry in Ruhr Region and Car Manufacturing in Japan
Car Manufacturing and Electronics Industry in Japan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain neglect of agriculture and unemployment issues. Describe displacement of people and rural-urban migration. Account for competition from imports and capital inadequacy. Suggest practical solutions to industrialisation problems.

Analysis of major industrialisation problems including agriculture neglect and unemployment. Discussion on people displacement and rural-urban migration. Examination of import competition and capital shortage. Students suggest practical solutions to identified problems.

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Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 135-142

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Definition of Transport and Communication
Road Transport
Railway Transport
Water Transport
Water Transport (continued) and Air Transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define transport and communication. Give examples of transport modes for people and commodities. Explain different communication methods. Distinguish between traditional and modern communication.

Q/A on local movement of people and goods. Teacher explains transport and communication definitions. Discussion on traditional versus modern communication methods. Students identify local examples.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 136

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Pipelines, Lifts and Types of Communication
Types of Communication (continued)
Distribution of Major Transport Lines in Africa
Role of Transport and Communication in Economic Development
Role of Transport and Communication (continued)
Problems Facing Transport and Communication in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain pipeline transport and its uses. Describe lifts and escalators as transport modes. Identify types of communication systems. Explain print media and electronic media.

Discussion on pipeline transport for oil, gas and water. Study of lifts and escalators in buildings. Teacher explains communication types including print and electronic media. Analysis of communication development in Africa.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 144-146

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
TRADE
TRADE

Problems Facing Transport and Communication (continued)
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway - Introduction
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway - Development
Role of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway
Introduction and Types of Trade
Types of Trade (continued) and Factors Influencing Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the impact of civil wars on transport and communication. Describe other problems affecting development. Suggest solutions to transport and communication problems. Account for efforts being made to solve problems.

Discussion on civil wars affecting infrastructure development. Analysis of economic instability and mass destruction. Study of solutions including trans-continental highways and regional cooperation. Examination of efforts to improve transport and communication systems.

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Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 157-159

TRADE

Major Exports and Imports of Kenya
Significance of Trade to Kenya
Problems Facing Trade in Kenya
Future of International Trade and Regional Trading Blocs Introduction
COMESA, SADC and ECOWAS
European Union and Benefits/Problems of Regional Trading Blocs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify Kenya's major exports including agricultural and manufactured goods. Explain the destination of Kenyan exports. Describe Kenya's major imports and their sources. Account for Kenya's unfavorable balance of trade.

Analysis of Kenya's export products using textbook lists and figures. Discussion on export destinations especially COMESA countries. Study of import requirements and sources from different regions. Examination of trade balance data and deficit implications. Map work on Kenya's trading partners and trade flows.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 162-165

POPULATION

Introduction and Population Distribution in East Africa
Factors Influencing Population Distribution in East Africa
Factors Influencing Population Distribution (continued)
Factors Influencing Population Growth
Migration and Population Growth Calculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define population and demography. Explain the importance of census. Describe population distribution in East Africa. Distinguish between densely and sparsely populated areas.

Q/A on local population knowledge and census importance. Teacher explains population concepts and East African distribution patterns. Discussion on densely populated areas including major towns and highlands. Analysis of sparsely populated regions using population figures and maps.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, calculator

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 177-178

POPULATION

Demographic Trends and Transition Theory
Population Structure and Age-Sex Pyramids
Consequences of Population Growth and Structure
Problems of Slow Population Growth
Population Growth in Kenya - Historical Trends
Factors Influencing Kenya's Population Growth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain demographic transition theory and its four stages. Describe characteristics of each demographic stage. Account for Kenya's position in demographic transition. Identify factors leading to slow population growth.

Teacher explains demographic transition theory using diagrams. Discussion on each stage characteristics and examples. Analysis of Kenya's current demographic stage with supporting evidence. Study of factors causing slow population growth including warfare and epidemics.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, calculator

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 186-189

POPULATION
SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT

Population Growth in Sweden
Factors Influencing Population Distribution in Sweden
Comparison Between Kenya and Sweden Population Trends
Definition of Settlement and Types
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Geographical Factors
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Economic and Other Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Sweden's demographic characteristics and growth patterns. Explain factors contributing to slow population growth. Account for Sweden's demographic transition stage. Compare Sweden's population trends with global patterns.

Discussion on Sweden's replacement level population growth. Analysis of factors causing slow growth including urbanisation and contraceptive use. Study of Sweden's fourth demographic transition stage. Examination of economic factors influencing small family preferences.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 200-201

SETTLEMENT

Settlement Patterns
Distribution of Major Urban Centres in East Africa
Factors Influencing Growth of Major Urban Centres in East Africa
Case Studies - Thika as Industrial Centre and Kisumu as Lake Port
Case Study - Eldoret as Agricultural Collecting Centre

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define and describe nucleated settlement patterns. Explain dispersed settlement patterns and their characteristics. Account for linear settlement patterns. Give examples of each pattern type from East Africa.

Teacher explains nucleated settlements around oases and mining areas. Discussion on dispersed settlements in plateau areas and large holdings. Analysis of linear settlements along rivers, roads and transport lines. Students identify settlement patterns in their local area.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of East Africa, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 204-206

SETTLEMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Nairobi City Development
Problems Facing Nairobi and New York City Comparison
Mombasa Port Development and Functions
Rotterdam Port and Comparison with Mombasa
Effects of Urbanisation - Social and Economic Problems
Effects of Urbanisation and Solutions
Introduction to Environment, Management and Conservation
The Need for Environmental Management and Conservation
Environmental Hazards: Natural Disasters
Environmental Hazards: Drought, Fires and Other Hazards
Floods: Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Lightning, Windstorms, Pests and Diseases
Pollution: Types, Causes and Control Measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace Nairobi's growth from railway camp to major city. Explain factors influencing Nairobi's development. Describe Nairobi's current status and international importance. Account for various functions performed by Nairobi.

Study of Nairobi's origins during railway construction and strategic advantages. Analysis of factors including climate, water supply and central location. Discussion on Nairobi's elevation to city status and international organizations. Examination of industrial, administrative, educational and commercial functions.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Charts showing ecosystem components, Pictures of local environment, Newspaper cuttings on environmental issues
Maps showing conservation areas in Kenya, Photos of endangered species, Economic data charts
World maps showing disaster-prone areas, Photos/videos of natural disasters, Richter Scale charts, News reports on recent disasters
Maps of drought-prone areas in Africa, Photos of desertification, Newspaper reports on industrial accidents, Charts showing oil spill effects
Maps of flood-prone areas in Kenya, Photos of flood damage, Diagrams of flood control structures, Case study materials
Diagrams of lightning formation, Photos of lightning arresters, Maps showing tsetse fly distribution, Health campaign materials, Charts on pest control methods
Photos of polluted environments, Charts showing pollution sources, Water quality test kits, Sound level meters (if available), Government policy documents

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 215-217