SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109

SALTS

Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on nitrates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal nitrates.
To define hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.
To give examples of hygroscopic deliquescent and efflorescent salts.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various metal nitrates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Prepare a sample of various salts.
Expose them to the atmosphere overnight.
Students classify the salts as hygroscopic, deliquescent and / or efflorescent.

Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 110-111
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

SALTS

Uses of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Molten electrolytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for electrical conductivities molten electrolytes.

Group experiments- to identify electrolytes in molten form.
Explain the difference in molten electrolytes.

Molten candle wax
Sugar
Sulphur
Lead oxide.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 120-121

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Electrolysis.
Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define electrolysis
To describe the process of electrolysis in terms of charge movement.
To define an electrolyte
To test for electrical conductivities of electrodes.

Descriptive approach punctuated with Q/A.
To investigate chemical effect of an electric current.
Classify the solutions as electrolyte or non -electrolytes.
Discuss the electrical properties of the solutions.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.

K.L.B. BOOK II
K.L.B. BOOK II PP.122-123

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Reaction on electrodes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe half- equation reactions at the cathode and anode

To demonstrate ?Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide
Observe colour changes
Explanation of half-equations and reactions at the electrodes.

Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.126-127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Binary electrolyte.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a binary electrolyte.
To state the products of a binary electrolyte.

Completing a table of electrolysis of binary electrolytes.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P.127

EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Application of electrolysis.
Electroplating.
Allotropy.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state application of electrolysis.
To describe electroplating process.

Discussion and explanations.
Experiment- Left overnight.
Electroplating an iron nail with silver nitrate/ copper sulphate.
Brief discussion.

text book
Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 128
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 129-30

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
State uses of carbon allotropes.

Discuss physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Explain the Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
Discuss uses of carbon allotropes.

Charcoal, graphite.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 134

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning carbon and oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of carbon with oxygen.

Teacher demonstration- Prepare oxygen and pass dry oxygen into a tube containing carbon. Heat the carbon. Observe effects on limewater.

Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 134-135

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reduction properties of carbon.
Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reduction properties of carbon.
Show reduction properties of carbon.
Describe reaction of carbon with acids.




Prepare CO2 in the lab.

Teacher demonstration ? Burn strongly a mixture of carbon and CuO on a bottle top.
Observe colour changes and give underlying explanation
Teacher demonstration- reaction of carbon with hot conc HNO3.
Write balanced equations for the reaction.

Review effects of heat on carbonates.
Group experiments/teacher demonstration- preparation of CO2.

CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top
Conc. HNO3, limewater.

K.L.B. BOOK II P.126
K.L.B. BOOK II P.126

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe properties of CO2

Simple experiments to determine properties of CO2.

Discuss the observations.

Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.138-139

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write balanced CO2.

Give examples of reactions. Write corresponding balanced chemical equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.139-140

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.
Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of CO2
To describe preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab

Discuss briefly the uses of CO2.
Teacher demonstration: preparation of carbon monoxide in the lab.
Make observations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.140-1
K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 142-143

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write chemical equations for reactions of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids.

Discuss the observations above.
Write chemical equations for the reactions.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations for reaction of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates on heating.

Discuss the above observations.
Write corresponding balanced equations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.150-151

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.
Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw schematic diagram for extraction of sodium carbonates.

Discuss each step of the process.
Write relevant equations.
Discuss each step of the process.

Write relevant equations.

text book
text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 153-157

CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss: - Importance of carbon in nature.
&
Effects of carbon on the environment.

Discuss the carbon cycle and processes that increase/ reduce amount of CO2 in the air.
Uses of CO2 in soft drinks and fire extinguishers.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP.157-158