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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Distinction Between Oceans and Seas
Nature of Ocean Water - Salinity and Temperature |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Distinguish between oceans and seas based on size, location, and connection. Identify the four major oceans and their characteristics. Compare similarities and differences between oceans and seas. |
Q/A to review water bodies from previous chapters. Discussion of ocean vs sea characteristics using world map. Students list major oceans and seas in exercise books.
|
Chalkboard, world map, atlas, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, thermometer for demonstration |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 113-114
|
|
| 1 | 3 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Nature of Ocean Water - Ocean Life and Topography
Islands and Ocean Pollution Water Movement - Vertical Movement Water Movement - Ocean Currents |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe ocean life including plankton, nekton, and benthos. Explain ocean topography features: continental shelf, slope, abyssal plain, ridges, and trenches. |
Discussion of marine organisms and their habitats. Drawing ocean floor profile on chalkboard showing topographical features. Students sketch ocean life zones.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, textbooks
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, atlas Containers, warm and cold water, chalkboard, atlas Chalkboard, chalk, globe, world map, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 117-119
|
|
| 1 | 4 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Major Ocean Currents
Tides - Formation and Causes Types of Tides Wave Formation and Types |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify characteristics and distribution of major world ocean currents. Give examples: Gulf Stream, Labrador, Kuroshio, California currents. Analyze current patterns in different ocean basins. |
Discussion of major ocean currents with world map reference. Students create table of warm and cold currents. Analysis of current circulation patterns.
|
World map, atlas, chalkboard, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, stones for demonstration Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, textbooks Water basin, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 124-125
|
|
| 2 | 1 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Wave Erosion Processes and Features
Wave Transportation and Deposition |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe wave erosion processes: corrasion, hydraulic action, attrition, solution. Identify erosional features: cliffs, wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, stumps. |
Discussion of erosion processes with practical examples. Drawing formation sequence of coastal erosional features on chalkboard. Students sketch feature formation stages.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, pictures from textbook
Sand, water container, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 130-134
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Coastal Depositional Features - Beaches and Spits
Coastal Depositional Features - Bars and Other Features |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe beach formation and characteristics. Explain spit formation at coastline direction changes. Identify beach features: ridges, cusps, berms, beach rock. |
Discussion of beach formation conditions and processes. Drawing spit formation diagrams showing longshore drift effects. Students identify local beach examples.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, sand for demonstration
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, textbooks |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 135-137
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Types of Coasts - Concordant and Discordant
Submerged Coasts - Highland and Lowland |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Distinguish between concordant and discordant coasts. Explain factors determining coast types: wave action, tidal currents, rock nature, alignment. |
Discussion of coast types with Kenya examples (Malindi-Lamu vs Mombasa). Analysis of factors affecting coastal development. Students identify coast types on maps.
|
Atlas, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, maps of Kenya coast |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 139-140
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Emerged Coasts
Coral Coasts and Reef Formation Types of Coral Reefs |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe emerged coast formation through sea level fall. Identify upland features: raised beaches, notches, wave-cut platforms. Explain lowland features: fall-lines, gentle coastal plains. |
Discussion of emergence processes and resultant features. Analysis of Kenya coast examples (Mama Ngina Drive, Oceanic Hotel). Students draw emerged coast profiles.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, local examples
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, world map Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, atlas |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 142-143
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
|
Coral Reef Formation Theories
Significance of Oceans - Economic Importance |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain Darwin's, Daly's, and Murray's theories of coral reef formation. Compare different explanations for barrier reef and atoll development. |
Discussion of different coral formation theories with diagrams. Comparison of theory strengths and limitations. Students create theory comparison charts.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, textbooks
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, world map |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 146-148
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
OCEANS, SEAS AND THEIR COASTS
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS |
Significance of Coasts and Coastal Features
Unit Assessment Definition of Terms and Types of Deserts |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe coastal benefits: ports, harbours, fishing grounds, tourism, building materials. Explain marine life habitats and transport challenges. |
Discussion of coastal economic activities with Kenya examples. Analysis of port development and coastal tourism. Students evaluate coastal significance.
|
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, maps of Kenya
Assessment papers, atlas, exercise books, maps Chalkboard, world map, atlas, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 149-150
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS
|
Wind Erosion Processes
Wind Erosion Features - Small Scale Wind Erosion Features - Large Scale Wind Transportation and Deposition |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain wind erosion processes: abrasion, attrition, and deflation. Describe factors favoring wind action in hot deserts: unconsolidated particles, scanty vegetation, tropical storms. |
Discussion of wind erosion mechanisms with practical examples. Simple demonstration using sand and breath/fan to show wind effect. Students draw erosion process diagrams.
|
Sand, small container, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, small stones for demonstration Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, atlas Sand, fan or strong breath, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 152-153
|
|
| 3 | 4 |
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS
|
Sand Dunes - Barchans and Seif Dunes
Other Dune Types, Draas, and Loess Water Action in Arid Areas - Wadis and Inselbergs Pediments, Pediplains, and Plateau Features |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe barchan formation around obstacles creating crescent shapes. Explain seif dune development as parallel ridges aligned with prevailing winds. Give examples from Sahara, Arabian deserts, and Kenya (Lamu, Chalbi). |
Drawing detailed barchan and seif dune formation diagrams on chalkboard. Discussion of wind direction effects on dune shapes. Students model dune formation with sand.
|
Sand, small obstacles, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, world map Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, pictures from textbook Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, textbooks |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 157-159
|
|
| 4 |
Cat |
|||||||
| 5 | 1 |
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS
|
Water Deposition Features and Dry Valleys
Significance of Arid Features |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe alluvial fan and bajada formation at upland feet. Explain playa and salina development in basins. Identify dry river valleys (laghs/lagas) common in northern Kenya counties. |
Discussion of seasonal water flow and deposition patterns. Analysis of Kenya's northern dry valleys with county examples. Students map regional examples of water features.
|
Maps of Kenya, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books
Chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, pictures of solar panels |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 163-164
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
Action of Water in Limestone Areas
|
Surface and Underground Water
Features Resulting from Underground Water |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe processes leading to surface and underground water. Distinguish between surface and underground water types. Identify sources of underground water including rain, snow melt, lake/sea water, and magmatic water. Define water table, aquifer and aquifuge. Explain factors affecting occurrence of underground water. |
Q/A to review hydrological cycle processes. Exposition on underground water as "body of water derived from percolation and contained in soil, sub-soil and underlying rocks above impermeable layer". Discussion on surface water types and saltiness from weathering. Detailed explanation of water infiltration through permeable rocks and joints/faults. Discussion on factors affecting occurrence including precipitation, evaporation, porosity, permeability, slope, vegetation, saturation levels, evapotranspiration.
|
Charts showing water sources, Rock samples, Diagrams of percolation and water table, Transparent containers
Topographical maps, Geological cross-sections, Textbook diagrams, 3D models, World maps |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 166-170
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
Action of Water in Limestone Areas
|
Importance of Underground Water
Action of Water in Limestone Areas and Resultant Features Significance of Resultant Features |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain ways underground water is important to humankind and countries. Give specific examples of underground water significance including settlement, irrigation, domestic/industrial supply, geothermal energy, mineral deposits. |
Brain storming on underground water uses. Detailed discussion on importance aspects including settlement sites like spring-line settlements, irrigation in dry areas like Sahara oases, domestic/industrial water like Mzima Springs supplying Mombasa, river sources in Kenyan Highlands, geothermal power like Olkaria near Naivasha, mineral deposits like salt at Homa Hills, underground streams keeping lakes fresh like Lake Naivasha.
|
Photographs of key sites, Maps of Kenya, Case study materials, Charts showing applications
Limestone samples, Weak acids, Sequential diagrams, Clay for modeling, Salt solution setup, Cave photographs, Safety equipment Economic charts, Photographs of industries, Tourism materials, Infrastructure maps, Assessment worksheets |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 172-173
|
|
| 5 | 4 |
Glaciation
|
Definition of Terms
Types of Glaciers and Ice Masses |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define glaciation, ice, snow, snowline, firn, neve fields. Distinguish between permanent and temporary snowlines. Explain glacier formation conditions. |
Q/A to review ice formation concepts. Exposition on glaciation definition and related terminology. Discussion on snowline variations with latitude and altitude. Explanation of firn formation through compaction processes. Discussion on glacier formation conditions and avalanche effects.
|
Charts showing snowline variations, Diagrams of ice formation, Maps showing ice distribution, Safety materials
Glacier example tables, World maps, Photographs of mountain glaciers, Distribution charts |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 180-182
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
Glaciation
|
Icebergs and Ice Movement
Processes of Glaciation |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define icebergs and explain their formation. Describe iceberg distribution. Explain three ways ice moves. Analyze factors affecting ice movement speed. |
Exposition on iceberg formation and distribution. Discussion on iceberg movement by ocean currents. Explanation of ice movement mechanisms including freeze-thaw action, basal slip, and extrusion flow. Analysis of movement speed factors and rates. Comparison of different glacier movement speeds.
|
World maps showing icebergs, Ocean current charts, Movement mechanism diagrams, Speed comparison data
Rock samples, Process diagrams, Moraine type charts, Glacial debris photographs |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 183-184
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
Glaciation
Soil |
Glacial Features and Significance
Definition and Composition of Soil |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe highland and lowland glacial features. Analyze positive and negative significance of glaciation. |
Discussion on highland feature formation processes and characteristics. Description of lowland glacial features and formation. Analysis of glaciation significance including economic benefits and challenges. Examples from East African mountains and world locations. Group work on significance evaluation and local applications.
|
Formation diagrams, Feature photographs, Economic impact charts, Maps showing benefits, East African examples
Soil samples, Composition diagrams, Constituent charts, Microscopes |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 186-194
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
Soil
|
Soil Forming Processes
Factors Influencing Soil Formation Properties and Profile |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soil formation through weathering and decomposition. Describe leaching processes including ferralisation, eluviation, podzolisation, calcification. |
Discussion on weathering as primary formation process. Exposition on decomposition stages: mineralisation and humification. Explanation of leaching types with climatic examples. Reference to formation diagrams.
|
Rock samples, Decomposition diagrams, Leaching process charts, Formation illustrations
Parent rock samples, Climate charts, Vegetation specimens, Maps, Time examples Soil structure samples, pH materials, Colour charts, Profile diagrams, Catena illustrations |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 200-203
|
|
| 6 | 4 |
Soil
|
Soil Degeneration and Erosion
Classification and Management |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define soil degeneration and classify types. Describe erosion types and processes. Identify conditions favouring soil erosion. |
Exposition on degeneration types: physical, chemical, biological with causes. Discussion on erosion processes from splash to gully formation. Analysis of erosion factors with Kenyan examples.
|
Erosion photographs, Degeneration charts, Local examples, Process diagrams
Classification charts, Distribution maps, Conservation photographs, Practice examples |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 209-214
|
|
| 7 | 1 |
AGRICULTURE
|
Introduction and Definition of Agriculture
Physical Factors: Climate Physical Factors: Relief and Soil Biotic and Human Factors Types of Agriculture: Simple Subsistence and Sedentary Agriculture |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define agriculture as growing crops and rearing livestock for human needs; Identify factors influencing agriculture; Explain scope of agricultural activities |
Q/A on local farming; Discussion on agriculture definition; List agricultural activities; Introduction to influencing factors
|
Charts showing agricultural activities, Pictures of crops and livestock, Map of Kenya
Maps showing climate zones, Rainfall charts, Pictures of crops, Thermometers Soil samples, pH testing materials, Maps of Pampas and Prairies, Terraced farming pictures Pictures of pests, Insect specimens, Wilson Airport maps, Price charts Maps of tropical lands, Slash-and-burn pictures, Farming systems diagrams |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 232-233
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
AGRICULTURE
|
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture and Plantation Agriculture
Mediterranean Agriculture, Mixed Farming, and Livestock Farming Distribution of Major Cash Crops in Kenya Tea Farming in Kenya |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe intensive subsistence in Monsoon Asia; Explain wet padi cultivation; Define plantation agriculture; Identify plantation crops |
Study oriental agriculture; Analyze farm sizes and cropping; Study of plantation areas; Discuss foreign ownership
|
Monsoon Asia maps, Rice terraces pictures, Plantation distribution charts
Mediterranean maps, Olive grove pictures, Crop combination charts Figure 13.7 map, Cash crop pictures, Colonial agriculture photos Figure 13.8 map, Plantation pictures, Processing flow chart, Tea samples |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 244-248
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
AGRICULTURE
|
Tea Marketing and Sugar-cane Farming
Maize Growing and Cocoa in Ghana |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain KTDA role (260,000 farmers); Describe export destinations; Identify sugar-cane belt; Explain growing conditions |
Discuss KTDA achievements; Study Figure 13.10 sugar areas; Analyze out-grower schemes; Sugar processing and uses
|
KTDA charts, Figure 13.10 map, Factory pictures, Processing diagrams
Figure 13.14 map, Maize pictures, Figure 13.15 Ghana map, Processing charts |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 257-262
|
|
| 7 | 4 |
AGRICULTURE
|
Oil Palm in Nigeria and Coffee Farming
Wheat Growing and Horticulture Pastoral Farming and Dairy Farming Beef Farming and Agricultural Fieldwork |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe oil palm areas and conditions; Identify coffee regions in Kenya; Explain growing conditions and processing |
Study oil palm distribution; Analyze tenera variety yields; Coffee processing steps; Compare with Brazil's Fazendas
|
Oil palm pictures, Figure 13.18 coffee map, Processing charts, pH testing materials
Figure 13.20 map, Harvester pictures, Figure 13.25 horticulture map, Export charts Figure 13.29 map, Pastoral pictures, Table 13.1, Cattle breed photos Cattle breed pictures, Figure 13.40 Pampas map, Sample questionnaires, Data sheets |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 3, Pages 270-283
|
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| 8 |
Exam |
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| 9 |
Closing |
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