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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Fish Locomotion - Structure and Mechanism
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Examine external features of bony fish related to locomotion. Identify different types of fins and their functions. Explain swimming mechanism and calculate tail power. Describe streamlined body adaptations. |
Practical examination of fresh tilapia or similar fish. Identification and drawing of fins and body features. Discussion on streamlining and scale arrangement. Detailed exposition on swimming mechanism using diagrams. Practical calculation of tail power using fish measurements.
|
Textbook, fresh fish specimen, chalkboard, chalk, forceps, measuring tools, calculator, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 127-129
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Fish Locomotion - Structure and Mechanism
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Examine external features of bony fish related to locomotion. Identify different types of fins and their functions. Explain swimming mechanism and calculate tail power. Describe streamlined body adaptations. |
Practical examination of fresh tilapia or similar fish. Identification and drawing of fins and body features. Discussion on streamlining and scale arrangement. Detailed exposition on swimming mechanism using diagrams. Practical calculation of tail power using fish measurements.
|
Textbook, fresh fish specimen, chalkboard, chalk, forceps, measuring tools, calculator, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 127-129
|
|
| 2 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Fish Locomotion - Structure and Mechanism
Human Axial Skeleton - Skull and Rib Cage |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Examine external features of bony fish related to locomotion. Identify different types of fins and their functions. Explain swimming mechanism and calculate tail power. Describe streamlined body adaptations. Describe structure and functions of human skull. Explain structure and function of rib cage. Understand protection and support roles. Identify bone features and adaptations. |
Practical examination of fresh tilapia or similar fish. Identification and drawing of fins and body features. Discussion on streamlining and scale arrangement. Detailed exposition on swimming mechanism using diagrams. Practical calculation of tail power using fish measurements.
Examination of skull and rib cage specimens or models. Drawing skull and rib cage structures. Discussion on brain and organ protection. Analysis of breathing movements and rib articulation. Identification of skull sutures and rib cage components. |
Textbook, fresh fish specimen, chalkboard, chalk, forceps, measuring tools, calculator, exercise books
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, skull and rib cage specimens, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 127-129
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 130-131 |
|
| 2 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Human Axial Skeleton - Skull and Rib Cage
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of human skull. Explain structure and function of rib cage. Understand protection and support roles. Identify bone features and adaptations. |
Examination of skull and rib cage specimens or models. Drawing skull and rib cage structures. Discussion on brain and organ protection. Analysis of breathing movements and rib articulation. Identification of skull sutures and rib cage components.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, skull and rib cage specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 130-131
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe general structure of vertebrae. Identify features of cervical vertebrae including atlas and axis. Explain features and adaptations of thoracic vertebrae. Compare regional vertebrae differences. |
Examination of cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens. Drawing and labeling atlas, axis, and typical cervical vertebrae. Study of thoracic vertebrae and rib articulation points. Discussion on regional adaptations for function. Comparison of vertebrae features.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 131-134
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe general structure of vertebrae. Identify features of cervical vertebrae including atlas and axis. Explain features and adaptations of thoracic vertebrae. Compare regional vertebrae differences. |
Examination of cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens. Drawing and labeling atlas, axis, and typical cervical vertebrae. Study of thoracic vertebrae and rib articulation points. Discussion on regional adaptations for function. Comparison of vertebrae features.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 131-134
|
|
| 3 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe general structure of vertebrae. Identify features of cervical vertebrae including atlas and axis. Explain features and adaptations of thoracic vertebrae. Compare regional vertebrae differences. |
Examination of cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens. Drawing and labeling atlas, axis, and typical cervical vertebrae. Study of thoracic vertebrae and rib articulation points. Discussion on regional adaptations for function. Comparison of vertebrae features.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 131-134
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe general structure of vertebrae. Identify features of cervical vertebrae including atlas and axis. Explain features and adaptations of thoracic vertebrae. Compare regional vertebrae differences. |
Examination of cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens. Drawing and labeling atlas, axis, and typical cervical vertebrae. Study of thoracic vertebrae and rib articulation points. Discussion on regional adaptations for function. Comparison of vertebrae features.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, cervical and thoracic vertebrae specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 131-134
|
|
| 4 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify features of lumbar vertebrae and their weight-bearing adaptations. Describe structure of sacral vertebrae and sacrum formation. Explain structure of caudal vertebrae. Compare all vertebrae types. |
Examination of lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens. Drawing large centrum and processes of lumbar vertebrae. Study of sacrum formation and fusion. Discussion on weight support and regional specializations. Complete vertebral column analysis.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens, complete vertebral column
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 134-136
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify features of lumbar vertebrae and their weight-bearing adaptations. Describe structure of sacral vertebrae and sacrum formation. Explain structure of caudal vertebrae. Compare all vertebrae types. |
Examination of lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens. Drawing large centrum and processes of lumbar vertebrae. Study of sacrum formation and fusion. Discussion on weight support and regional specializations. Complete vertebral column analysis.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens, complete vertebral column
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 134-136
|
|
| 4 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Vertebral Column - Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Bones |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify features of lumbar vertebrae and their weight-bearing adaptations. Describe structure of sacral vertebrae and sacrum formation. Explain structure of caudal vertebrae. Compare all vertebrae types. Describe structure of pectoral girdle components: scapula and clavicle. Identify forelimb bones: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges. Explain joint formations and articulations. |
Examination of lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens. Drawing large centrum and processes of lumbar vertebrae. Study of sacrum formation and fusion. Discussion on weight support and regional specializations. Complete vertebral column analysis.
Examination of pectoral girdle and forelimb bones. Drawing and labeling complete forelimb structure. Discussion on shoulder and elbow joint formation. Analysis of bone features and muscle attachment points. Study of pentadactyl limb pattern. |
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae specimens, complete vertebral column
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pectoral girdle and forelimb bone specimens, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 134-136
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 136-138 |
|
| 4 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Bones
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure of pectoral girdle components: scapula and clavicle. Identify forelimb bones: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges. Explain joint formations and articulations. |
Examination of pectoral girdle and forelimb bones. Drawing and labeling complete forelimb structure. Discussion on shoulder and elbow joint formation. Analysis of bone features and muscle attachment points. Study of pentadactyl limb pattern.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pectoral girdle and forelimb bone specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 136-138
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb Bones
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure of pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis. Identify hindlimb bones: femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges. Explain weight-bearing adaptations and joint formations. |
Examination of pelvic girdle and hindlimb bones. Drawing hip bone structure and acetabulum. Study of hindlimb bone features and knee joint. Discussion on weight transmission and locomotion adaptations. Comparison of forelimb and hindlimb structures.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pelvic girdle and hindlimb bone specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 138-140
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb Bones
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure of pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis. Identify hindlimb bones: femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges. Explain weight-bearing adaptations and joint formations. |
Examination of pelvic girdle and hindlimb bones. Drawing hip bone structure and acetabulum. Study of hindlimb bone features and knee joint. Discussion on weight transmission and locomotion adaptations. Comparison of forelimb and hindlimb structures.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pelvic girdle and hindlimb bone specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 138-140
|
|
| 5 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimb Bones
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure of pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis. Identify hindlimb bones: femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges. Explain weight-bearing adaptations and joint formations. |
Examination of pelvic girdle and hindlimb bones. Drawing hip bone structure and acetabulum. Study of hindlimb bone features and knee joint. Discussion on weight transmission and locomotion adaptations. Comparison of forelimb and hindlimb structures.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, pelvic girdle and hindlimb bone specimens, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 138-140
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Types of Joints and Their Structure
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify types of joints: immovable, gliding, and movable (synovial). Describe structure of synovial joints including cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments. Explain joint components and their functions. |
Examination of different joint types and synovial joint structure. Drawing synovial joint components. Discussion on cartilage function and synovial fluid properties. Analysis of joint mobility and stability. Practical observation of joint movements.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens or models, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 140-141
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints; Movement Mechanisms
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare ball and socket joints with hinge joints. Describe movement capabilities and examples of each joint type. Explain how muscles work in antagonistic pairs at joints. Understand lever systems in movement. |
Examination of hip/shoulder and elbow/knee joints. Demonstration of movement ranges and planes. Drawing joint structures and movement mechanisms. Practical demonstration of biceps and triceps action. Analysis of flexor and extensor muscle function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens, practical movement demonstrations, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 141-143
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints; Movement Mechanisms
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare ball and socket joints with hinge joints. Describe movement capabilities and examples of each joint type. Explain how muscles work in antagonistic pairs at joints. Understand lever systems in movement. |
Examination of hip/shoulder and elbow/knee joints. Demonstration of movement ranges and planes. Drawing joint structures and movement mechanisms. Practical demonstration of biceps and triceps action. Analysis of flexor and extensor muscle function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens, practical movement demonstrations, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 141-143
|
|
| 6 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints; Movement Mechanisms
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare ball and socket joints with hinge joints. Describe movement capabilities and examples of each joint type. Explain how muscles work in antagonistic pairs at joints. Understand lever systems in movement. |
Examination of hip/shoulder and elbow/knee joints. Demonstration of movement ranges and planes. Drawing joint structures and movement mechanisms. Practical demonstration of biceps and triceps action. Analysis of flexor and extensor muscle function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens, practical movement demonstrations, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 141-143
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints; Movement Mechanisms
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare ball and socket joints with hinge joints. Describe movement capabilities and examples of each joint type. Explain how muscles work in antagonistic pairs at joints. Understand lever systems in movement. |
Examination of hip/shoulder and elbow/knee joints. Demonstration of movement ranges and planes. Drawing joint structures and movement mechanisms. Practical demonstration of biceps and triceps action. Analysis of flexor and extensor muscle function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, joint specimens, practical movement demonstrations, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 141-143
|
|
| 7 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Types of Muscle Tissue and Their Functions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify three types of muscle tissue: skeletal (striated), smooth (visceral), and cardiac. Compare structure and functions of each muscle type. Explain voluntary vs involuntary muscle control. Describe muscle fiber characteristics. |
Drawing structures of different muscle types on chalkboard. Detailed comparison of muscle fiber characteristics. Discussion on muscle control mechanisms and locations. Analysis of muscle contraction properties and endurance. Examples of each muscle type in body systems.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, muscle tissue comparison charts
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 142-144
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Types of Muscle Tissue and Their Functions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify three types of muscle tissue: skeletal (striated), smooth (visceral), and cardiac. Compare structure and functions of each muscle type. Explain voluntary vs involuntary muscle control. Describe muscle fiber characteristics. |
Drawing structures of different muscle types on chalkboard. Detailed comparison of muscle fiber characteristics. Discussion on muscle control mechanisms and locations. Analysis of muscle contraction properties and endurance. Examples of each muscle type in body systems.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, muscle tissue comparison charts
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 142-144
|
|
| 7 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Types of Muscle Tissue and Their Functions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify three types of muscle tissue: skeletal (striated), smooth (visceral), and cardiac. Compare structure and functions of each muscle type. Explain voluntary vs involuntary muscle control. Describe muscle fiber characteristics. |
Drawing structures of different muscle types on chalkboard. Detailed comparison of muscle fiber characteristics. Discussion on muscle control mechanisms and locations. Analysis of muscle contraction properties and endurance. Examples of each muscle type in body systems.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, muscle tissue comparison charts
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 142-144
|
|
| 7 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction Mechanism
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe detailed structure of skeletal muscle fibers including myofibrils, actin, and myosin. Explain muscle contraction mechanism and sliding filament theory. Understand energy requirements and muscle fatigue. |
Detailed exposition on muscle fiber structure using diagrams. Discussion on sliding filament theory and molecular basis of contraction. Explanation of ATP requirements and calcium ion role. Analysis of muscle fatigue and recovery. Practical muscle function demonstrations.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, detailed muscle structure diagrams
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 142-143
|
|
| 8 | 1 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Specializations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of smooth muscle in various organs. Explain cardiac muscle specializations and continuous rhythmic contractions. Compare muscle types in terms of structure, control, and endurance. |
Drawing smooth and cardiac muscle structures and locations. Discussion on involuntary muscle control mechanisms. Explanation of cardiac muscle intercalated discs and myogenic nature. Comprehensive comparison of all muscle types. Analysis of muscle adaptations to function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, comprehensive muscle comparison tables
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 143-144
|
|
| 8 | 2 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Specializations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of smooth muscle in various organs. Explain cardiac muscle specializations and continuous rhythmic contractions. Compare muscle types in terms of structure, control, and endurance. |
Drawing smooth and cardiac muscle structures and locations. Discussion on involuntary muscle control mechanisms. Explanation of cardiac muscle intercalated discs and myogenic nature. Comprehensive comparison of all muscle types. Analysis of muscle adaptations to function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, comprehensive muscle comparison tables
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 143-144
|
|
| 8 | 3-4 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Specializations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of smooth muscle in various organs. Explain cardiac muscle specializations and continuous rhythmic contractions. Compare muscle types in terms of structure, control, and endurance. |
Drawing smooth and cardiac muscle structures and locations. Discussion on involuntary muscle control mechanisms. Explanation of cardiac muscle intercalated discs and myogenic nature. Comprehensive comparison of all muscle types. Analysis of muscle adaptations to function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, comprehensive muscle comparison tables
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 143-144
|
|
| 8 | 5 |
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
|
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Specializations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe structure and functions of smooth muscle in various organs. Explain cardiac muscle specializations and continuous rhythmic contractions. Compare muscle types in terms of structure, control, and endurance. |
Drawing smooth and cardiac muscle structures and locations. Discussion on involuntary muscle control mechanisms. Explanation of cardiac muscle intercalated discs and myogenic nature. Comprehensive comparison of all muscle types. Analysis of muscle adaptations to function.
|
Textbook, chalkboard, chalk, exercise books, comprehensive muscle comparison tables
|
KLB Secondary Biology Form 4, Pages 143-144
|
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