STRUCTURE & BONDING
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.
CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.
Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.
Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.
Giant atomic structure in graphite.
Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.
Types of salts.
Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.
Methods of preparing various salts.
Direct synthesis of a salts.
Ionic equations.
Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.
Uses of salts.
Molten electrolytes.
Electrolysis.
Aqueous electrolytes. Electrodes.
Reaction on electrodes.
Binary electrolyte.
Application of electrolysis.
Electroplating.
Allotropy.
Physical and chemical properties of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon
Burning carbon and oxygen.
Reduction properties of carbon.
Reaction of carbon with acids. Preparation of CO2.
Properties of CO2.
Chemical equations for reactions involving CO2.
Uses of CO2.
Carbon monoxide lab preparation.
Chemical properties of carbon monoxide.
Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Heating carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Extraction of sodium carbonate from trona.
Solvay process of preparing sodium carbonate.
Importance of carbon in nature. & its effects on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe role of valence electrons in determining chemical bonding.


Explain formation of ionic bonding.

Q/A: Review valence electrons of atoms of elements in groups I, II, III, VII and VIII.
Q/A: Review group I and group VII elements.
Discuss formation of ionic bond.

text book
Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.
Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.
Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.
Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.
CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.
Iron,
Sulphur
PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.
Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.
Molten candle wax
Sugar
Lead oxide.
Graphite electrodes
Battery
Various aqueous solutions switch bulb.
Various aqueous solutions switch.
Silver nitrate
Iron nail
Complete circuit battery.
Charcoal, graphite.
Carbon, limewater, tube, limewater stand& Bunsen burner.
CuO, pounded charcoal, Bunsen burner& bottle top
Conc. HNO3, limewater.
Lime water,
Magnesium ribbon,
Universal indicator,
lit candle.
text book, chart

K.L.B. BOOK IIP54




PP 57-58