MEASUREMENTS

Area of a Pentagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify and state the number of sides in a pentagon;
-Calculate the area of a regular pentagon;
-Apply the formula for finding the area of a pentagon in real-life situations;
-Develop genuine interest in calculating the area of regular pentagons.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
-Discuss the properties of regular polygons;
-Use cut-outs to work out the area of pentagons;
-Identify objects with pentagonal shapes in their environment;
-Calculate the area of a regular pentagon using the formula A = (5/2)s²sin(72°).

How do we determine the area of different surfaces?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 87;
-Cut-outs of regular pentagons;
-Chart with diagrams of pentagons;
-Calculator;
-Ruler and protractor.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group presentations.

MEASUREMENTS

Area of a Pentagon
Area of a Hexagon
Area of a Hexagon
Surface Area of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the area of a regular pentagon when different measurements are given;
-Solve problems involving the height and side length of a pentagon;
-Interpret and solve word problems involving area of pentagons;
-Appreciate the use of geometry in calculating areas of pentagons.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
-Work out problems on area of pentagons with given side lengths;
-Calculate the area of pentagons where vertices are at a given distance from the center;
-Relate the height of triangles formed in a pentagon to the area;
-Solve practical problems involving area of pentagons.

How can we calculate the area of a pentagon in different situations?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 89;
-Pentagonal objects;
-Calculator;
-Worked examples on the board.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 90;
-Cut-outs of regular hexagons;
-Chart with diagrams of hexagons;
-Ruler and protractor;
-Calculator.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 91;
-Hexagonal objects;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 94;
-Manila paper for making nets;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Objects with triangular prism shapes;
-Glue.

-Written exercises; -Homework assignments; -Group work assessment; -Mathematical problem-solving tasks.

MEASUREMENTS

Surface Area of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms
Surface Area of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Surface Area of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Area of a Sector and Segment of a Circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a rectangular prism and identify its faces, edges, and vertices;
-Develop a net for a rectangular prism;
-Calculate the surface area of a rectangular prism using its net;
-Show interest in relating surface area to real-life applications.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Collect objects that are rectangular prisms;
-Draw and sketch nets of rectangular prisms;
-Measure dimensions of the faces on the nets;
-Calculate the area of each face and add to find the total surface area;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the surface area of a rectangular prism?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 95;
-Manila paper for making nets;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Objects with rectangular prism shapes (boxes);
-Glue.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 96;
-Objects with triangular pyramid shapes;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 97;
-Objects with rectangular pyramid shapes;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 99;
-Circular paper cut-outs;
-Protractors;
-Scientific calculators.

-Observation of practical work; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group work assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Area of a Sector and Segment of a Circle
Surface Area of a Cone in Real Life Situations
Surface Area of a Cone in Real Life Situations
Surface Area of a Sphere in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define a segment of a circle;
-Differentiate between a sector and a segment of a circle;
-Calculate the area of a segment of a circle;
-Show genuine interest in calculating areas of segments.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Draw circles and form segments by drawing chords;
-Cut out segments from paper circles;
-Derive the formula for the area of a segment (sector area minus triangle area);
-Calculate the area of segments with different angles and chord lengths;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we calculate the area of a segment of a circle?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 101;
-Circular paper cut-outs;
-Protractors;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 102;
-Conical objects (funnels, party hats);
-Glue.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 103;
-Cone models;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for surface area of cones.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 104;
-Spherical objects (balls, oranges);
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Charts showing formulas for surface area of spheres.

-Observation of practical work; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group work assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms
Volume of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Volume of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify triangular prisms;
-Calculate the volume of a triangular prism using the formula V = area of base × height;
-Solve problems involving volume of triangular prisms;
-Show interest in calculating volume of triangular prisms.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Collect objects shaped like triangular prisms;
-Identify the base and height of triangular prisms;
-Calculate the area of the triangular base;
-Calculate the volume using the formula V = area of base × height;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the volume of a triangular prism?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 105;
-Triangular prism models;
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of triangular prisms.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 107;
-Rectangular prism models (boxes);
-Charts showing formulas for volume of rectangular prisms.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 108;
-Triangular-based pyramid models;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of pyramids.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 109;
-Rectangular and square-based pyramid models;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume of a Cone in Real Life Situations
Volume of a Sphere in Real Life Situations
Volume of a Frustum in Real Life Situations
Volume of a Frustum in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify cones and their properties;
-Calculate the volume of a cone using the formula V = ⅓ × πr² × h;
-Solve problems involving volume of cones;
-Show interest in calculating volumes of cones.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Identify and discuss models of cones;
-Identify the base radius and height of cones;
-Calculate the volume using the formula V = ⅓ × πr² × h;
-Solve practical problems involving volume of cones;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the volume of a cone?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 110;
-Cone models;
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of cones.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 112;
-Spherical objects (balls);
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of spheres.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 113;
-Frustum models;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of frustums.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 114;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Instruments and Tools Used in Weighing
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Converting Units of Mass
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Relating Mass and Weight
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Mass, Volume and Density

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different instruments and tools used in weighing;
-Describe the functions of various weighing instruments;
-Use weighing instruments correctly;
-Show interest in using weighing instruments.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Identify and discuss different types of balances used for weighing;
-Identify commonly used balances in their locality;
-Discuss what different weighing instruments are used for;
-Practice using weighing instruments to measure mass of objects;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

How do you weigh materials and objects?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 117;
-Different types of weighing instruments;
-Various objects to weigh;
-Charts showing different weighing instruments.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 118;
-Weighing instruments;
-Charts showing relationship between different units of mass.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 119;
-Spring balance;
-Digital devices for research.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 121;
-Measuring cylinders;
-Various objects (coins, stones, metal pieces);
-Water;
-Scientific calculators.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Practical assessment; -Group presentations.

MEASUREMENTS

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Density of Objects
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Mass Given Volume and Density
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Volume Given Mass and Density
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Speed in Km/h and m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate density given mass and volume;
-Apply the formula D = m/V to solve problems;
-Compare densities of different materials;
-Appreciate the concept of density in everyday life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review the formula for density;
-Solve problems involving density with given mass and volume;
-Compare densities of different materials;
-Discuss real-life applications of density;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

Why do some objects float and others sink in water?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 122;
-Scientific calculators;
-Chart showing densities of common materials;
-Examples of applications of density in real life.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 123;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 124;
-Stopwatch/timer;
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Sports field or open area.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Speed in Km/h and m/s
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Average Speed in Real Life Situations
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Velocity in Real Life Situations
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Acceleration in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate speed in kilometers per hour (km/h);
-Convert speed from m/s to km/h and vice versa;
-Solve problems involving speed in km/h;
-Appreciate the different units used for expressing speed.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Record distance covered by vehicles in kilometers and time taken in hours;
-Calculate speed using the formula speed = distance/time;
-Express speed in kilometers per hour (km/h);
-Convert speed from m/s to km/h using the relationship 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h;
-Complete a table with distance, time, and speed;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

Why do we need different units for measuring speed?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 125;
-Scientific calculators;
-Chart showing conversion between m/s and km/h;
-Examples of speeds of various objects and vehicles.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 126;
-Chart showing examples of average speed calculations;
-Examples of journey scenarios with varying speeds.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 129;
-Stopwatch/timer;
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Compass for directions.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 130;
-Chart showing examples of acceleration calculations;
-Examples of acceleration in real-life situations.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Identifying Longitudes on the Globe
Time, Distance and Speed - Relating Longitudes to Time on the Globe
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify longitudes on a globe;
-Understand the concept of the prime meridian;
-Describe how longitudes are measured in degrees east or west;
-Show interest in understanding the globe and longitudes.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Use a globe to identify circles that pass through North and South poles;
-Search from the Internet or print media for the meaning of these circles;
-Identify special circles on the globe (Prime Meridian, International Date Line);
-Discuss how longitudes are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

Why does time vary in different places of the world?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 131;
-Globe;
-World map showing longitudes;
-Digital devices for research;
-Charts showing the longitude system.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 133;
-World map showing time zones;
-Charts showing the relationship between longitudes and time.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 134;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing examples of local time calculations.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 136;
-World map showing time zones and the International Date Line;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group presentations.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes
Money - Identifying Currencies Used in Different Countries
Money - Converting Currency from One to Another in Real Life Situations
Money - Converting Currency from One to Another in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of local time to solve various problems;
-Convert between 12-hour and 24-hour time formats;
-Solve real-world problems involving time zones;
-Show genuine interest in understanding global time.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review calculations of local time at different longitudes;
-Convert between 12-hour (am/pm) and 24-hour time formats;
-Solve problems involving flight times, international calls, and global events;
-Use digital resources to explore current time in different parts of the world;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do time zones affect international communication and travel?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 137;
-Globe;
-World map showing time zones;
-Digital devices showing current time in different cities;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 138;
-Digital devices for research;
-Pictures/samples of different currencies;
-Manila paper or carton;
-Charts showing currencies and their countries.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 141;
-Exchange rate tables from newspapers or online sources;
-Scientific calculators;
-Digital devices for checking current exchange rates;
-Charts showing examples of currency conversions.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 142;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Project work on time zones.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Working Out Export Duties Charged on Goods
Money - Working Out Import Duties Charged on Goods
Money - Working Out Excise Duty Charged on Goods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define export duty;
-Calculate export duty on goods;
-Understand the purpose of export duties;
-Appreciate the role of export duties in international trade.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Use digital devices to search for the meaning of export duty;
-Research the percentage of export duty on different goods in Kenya;
-Calculate export duty on goods using the formula: Export Duty = Value of Goods × Duty Rate;
-Solve problems involving export duties;
-Discuss the purpose and impact of export duties;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

What are the types of taxes the government levy on its citizens?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 143;
-Digital devices for research;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing export duty rates;
-Examples of export scenarios.
-Charts showing import duty rates;
-Examples of import scenarios.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 145;
-Charts showing excise duty rates;
-Examples of goods subject to excise duty.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Research presentation.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Determining Value-Added Tax (VAT) Charged on Goods and Services
Approximations and Errors - Approximating Quantities in Measurements
Approximations and Errors - Determining Errors Using Estimations and Actual Measurements
Approximations and Errors - Determining Percentage Errors Using Actual Measurements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define Value Added Tax (VAT);
-Identify goods and services that attract VAT;
-Calculate VAT on goods and services;
-Appreciate the role of VAT in government revenue collection.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Use digital devices or print media to search for information on VAT;
-Research goods that attract VAT;
-Research the percentage of VAT charged on goods and services;
-Study receipts to identify VAT amounts;
-Calculate VAT on various goods and services;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

How is VAT calculated and why is it charged?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 145;
-Supermarket receipts showing VAT;
-Digital devices for research;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing VAT calculations.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 148;
-Measuring tapes/rulers;
-Various objects to measure;
-Charts showing conventional and arbitrary units;
-Open space for measuring with strides.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 149;
-Weighing scales/balances;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 151;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Analysis of receipts.

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Similar figures and properties
Similarity and Enlargement - Identifying similar objects
Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing similar figures
Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of enlargement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify similar figures and their properties;
Measure corresponding sides and angles of similar figures;
Appreciate the concept of similarity in real-life objects.

Learners study diagrams of similar cross-sections.
Learners measure the corresponding sides of the cross-sections and find the ratio between them.
Learners measure all the corresponding angles and discover that they are equal.

What makes two figures similar?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 203
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Cut-out shapes
-Charts showing similar figures
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 204
-Various geometric objects
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets with diagrams
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 206
-Pair of compasses
-Drawing paper
-Calculator
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 209
-Tracing paper
-Colored pencils
-Grid paper
-Charts showing enlargements
-Diagrams for tracing

-Oral questions -Observation -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factors
Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing images of objects
Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor
Similarity and Enlargement - Using coordinates in enlargement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine properties of enlargement with negative scale factors;
Locate centers of enlargement with negative scale factors;
Appreciate the concept of negative scale factors in enlargements.

Learners trace diagrams showing an object and its image where the center of enlargement is between them.
Learners join corresponding points to locate the center of enlargement.
Learners find the ratio of distances from the center to corresponding points and note that the image is on the opposite side of the object.

What happens when an enlargement has a negative scale factor?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 211
-Ruler
-Tracing paper
-Grid paper
-Colored pencils
-Charts showing negative scale factor enlargements
-Diagrams for tracing
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 214
-Charts showing steps of enlargement
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 216
-Calculator
-Similar objects of different sizes
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 218
-Charts with coordinate examples

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Applications of similarity
Trigonometry - Angles and sides of right-angled triangles
Trigonometry - Sine ratio
Trigonometry - Cosine ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply similarity concepts to solve real-life problems;
Calculate heights and distances using similar triangles;
Value the practical applications of similarity in everyday life.

Learners solve problems involving similar triangles to find unknown heights and distances.
Learners discuss how similarity is used in fields such as architecture, photography, and engineering.
Learners work on practical applications of similarity in the environment.

How can we use similarity to solve real-life problems?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 219
-Ruler
-Calculator
-Drawing paper
-Charts with real-life applications
-Manila paper for presentations
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 220
-Protractor
-Set square
-Charts with labeled triangles
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 222
-Charts showing sine ratio
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 223
-Charts showing cosine ratio
-Worksheets

-Oral questions -Problem-solving -Written exercise -Group presentation

Geometry

Trigonometry - Tangent ratio
Trigonometry - Reading tables of sines
Trigonometry - Reading tables of cosines and tangents
Trigonometry - Using calculators for trigonometric ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify tangent ratio from a right-angled triangle;
Calculate tangent of angles in right-angled triangles;
Appreciate the importance of tangent ratio in problem-solving.

Learners draw triangle ABC with specific angles and mark points on BC.
Learners draw perpendiculars from these points to AC and measure their lengths.
Learners calculate ratios of opposite side to adjacent side for different angles and discover the tangent ratio.

What is the tangent of an angle and how do we calculate it?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 225
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Calculator
-Drawing paper
-Charts showing tangent ratio
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 227
-Mathematical tables
-Worksheets
-Chart showing how to read tables
-Sample exercises
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 229-231
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 233
-Scientific calculators
-Chart showing calculator keys

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Trigonometry - Calculating lengths using trigonometric ratios
Trigonometry - Calculating angles using trigonometric ratios
Trigonometry - Application in heights and distances
Trigonometry - Application in navigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply trigonometric ratios to calculate lengths of right-angled triangles;
Use sine, cosine, and tangent ratios to find unknown sides;
Appreciate the application of trigonometry in solving real-life problems.

Learners consider a right-angled triangle and find the trigonometric ratio appropriate for finding an unknown side.
Learners find the value of the ratio from tables or calculators and relate it to the expression to find the unknown side.
Learners solve problems involving finding sides of right-angled triangles.

How do we use trigonometric ratios to find unknown sides in right-angled triangles?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 234
-Scientific calculators
-Mathematical tables
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 235
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 237
-Charts with real-life examples
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 238
-Protractor
-Maps
-Charts with navigation examples

-Oral questions -Group work -Written exercise -Assessment rubrics

Geometry
Data Handling and Probability
Data Handling and Probability
Data Handling and Probability

Trigonometry - Review and mixed applications
Data Interpretation - Appropriate class width
Data Interpretation - Finding range and creating groups
Data Interpretation - Frequency distribution tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply trigonometric concepts in mixed application problems;
Solve problems involving both scale drawing and trigonometry;
Value the integration of different geometric concepts in problem-solving.

Learners solve a variety of problems that integrate different geometric concepts learned.
Learners apply scale drawing, bearings, similar figures, and trigonometric ratios to solve complex problems.
Learners discuss how different geometric concepts interconnect in solving real-world problems.

How can we integrate different geometric concepts to solve complex problems?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 240
-Scientific calculators
-Mathematical tables
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Drawing paper
-Past examination questions
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 244
-Calculator
-Graph paper
-Manila paper
-Rulers
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 245
-Data sets
-Chart with examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 247
-Chart paper

-Oral questions -Problem-solving -Written exercise -Assessment test

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Creating frequency tables with different class intervals
Data Interpretation - Modal class
Data Interpretation - Mean of ungrouped data
Data Interpretation - Mean of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct frequency tables starting with different class intervals;
Use tally marks to represent data in frequency tables;
Appreciate the use of different class intervals in data representation.

Learners construct a frequency table for given data starting from the class interval 60-64.
Learners use tally marks to count frequency of data in each class.
Learners compare and discuss different frequency tables.

How do we choose appropriate starting points for class intervals?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 247
-Calculator
-Ruler
-Graph paper
-Manila paper
-Worksheets with data
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 248
-Chart showing frequency distribution tables
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 249
-Chart showing frequency tables
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 250
-Chart with examples

-Oral questions -Written exercise -Group presentations -Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Mean calculation in real-life situations
Data Interpretation - Median of grouped data
Data Interpretation - Calculating median using formula
Data Interpretation - Median calculations in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Calculate the mean of grouped data from real-life situations;
Apply the formula for finding mean of grouped data;
Appreciate the use of mean in summarizing data in real life.

Learners are presented with data about plants that survived in 50 sampled schools during an environmental week.
Learners find midpoints of class intervals, multiply by frequencies, and sum them up.
Learners calculate the mean number of plants that survived by dividing the sum of fx by the sum of f.

How is the mean used to summarize real-life data?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 251
-Calculator
-Manila paper
-Chart with examples
-Worksheets
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 252
-Chart showing cumulative frequency tables
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 253
-Graph paper
-Chart showing median formula
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 254
-Chart with example calculations
-Worksheets with real-life data

-Oral questions -Group work -Written exercise -Assessment rubrics

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Equally likely outcomes
Probability - Range of probability
Probability - Complementary events
Probability - Mutually exclusive events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Perform experiments involving equally likely outcomes;
Record outcomes of chance experiments;
Appreciate that some events have equal chances of occurring.

Learners work in groups to flip a fair coin 20 times.
Learners record the number of times heads and tails come up.
Learners divide the number of times heads or tails comes up by the total number of tosses to find probabilities.

What makes events equally likely to occur?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 256
-Coins
-Chart paper
-Table for recording outcomes
-Manila paper
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 257
-Dice
-Chart showing probability scale (0-1)
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 258
-Calculator
-Chart showing complementary events
-Worksheets with problems
-Chart with examples of mutually exclusive events
-Flashcards with different scenarios

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Group work assessment -Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Experiments with mutually exclusive events
Probability - Independent events
Probability - Calculating probabilities of independent events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Perform experiments of single chance involving mutually exclusive events;
Calculate probability of mutually exclusive events;
Value the application of mutually exclusive events in real-life.

Learners toss a fair die several times and record the numbers that show up.
Learners solve problems involving mutually exclusive events like picking a pen of a specific color from a box.
Learners find probabilities of individual events and their union.

How do we calculate the probability of mutually exclusive events?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 259
-Dice
-Colored objects in boxes
-Calculator
-Chart showing probability calculations
-Worksheets with problems
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 260
-Coins and dice
-Table for recording outcomes
-Chart showing examples of independent events
-Manila paper
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 261
-Chart showing multiplication rule

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Assessment rubrics

Data Handling and Probability
Measurements

Probability - Tree diagrams for single outcomes
Probability - Complex tree diagrams
Probability - Complex tree diagrams
Circles - Working out the circumference of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Draw a probability tree diagram for a single outcome;
Represent probability situations using tree diagrams;
Value the use of tree diagrams in organizing probability information.

Learners write down possible outcomes when a fair coin is flipped once.
Learners find the total number of all outcomes and probability of each outcome.
Learners complete a tree diagram with possible outcomes and their probabilities.

How do tree diagrams help us understand probability situations?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 262
-Chart paper
-Ruler
-Worksheets with blank tree diagrams
-Chart showing completed tree diagrams
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 263
-Calculator
-Chart showing complex tree diagrams
-Worksheets with problems
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 71
-Circular objects
-Measuring tape or ruler

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Group work assessment -Checklist

Measurements

Circles - Working out the circumference of circles in real life
Circles - Working out the length of an arc
Circles - Working out the length of an arc in real life
Circles - Calculating the perimeter of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circumference in real-life contexts
-Calculate the circumference of circular objects
-Value the importance of circles in everyday life

-Discuss and find the circumference of different circular objects in the environment
-Measure diameter and calculate circumference
-Solve real-life problems involving circumference

How do we use circles in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Circular objects
-Digital resources
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 74
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 75
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Calculating the area of a circle
Area - Working out the area of a circle in real life
Area - Working out the area of a sector
Area - Working out the area of a sector in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the area of a circle
-Apply the formula for area of a circle
-Value the importance of circular areas

-Draw a circle on a graph paper
-Estimate its area by counting squares
-Calculate area using the formula A = πr²
-Compare the estimated and calculated areas

How do we use area in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 77
-Graph paper
-Pair of compasses
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 79
-Circular objects
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 80
-Paper
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 81
-Sector models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cubes
Area - Working out the surface area of cuboids
Area - Working out the surface area of cylinders
Area - Working out the surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cubes
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Value the importance of surface area

-Use a model of a cube to identify faces
-Measure edges and calculate face areas
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Apply the formula for cube surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 82
-Cube models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 84
-Cuboid models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 86
-Cylindrical objects
-Paper
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 87
-Triangular prism models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of irregular shapes
Money - Identifying interest and principal
Money - Calculating simple interest
Money - More on simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the area of irregular shapes using square grids
-Estimate areas by counting grid squares
-Value the importance of area estimation

-Trace irregular shaped objects on square grids
-Count complete and partial squares
-Estimate areas by adding complete squares and half of partial squares
-Compare estimated areas with regular shapes

How do we determine the area of irregular shapes?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 88
-Square grid paper
-Irregular objects
-Tracing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 89
-Financial brochures
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 91
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 92

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for one year
Money - Calculating compound interest for two years
Money - Calculating compound interest for three years
Money - Working out appreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for one year
-Understand the concept of compounding
-Appreciate the impact of compounding

-Calculate interest for the first year
-Find the total amount at the end of the year
-Compare simple and compound interest for one year
-Discuss the effect of compounding

How does compound interest differ from simple interest?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 93
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 94
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 95
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 96

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements
Geometry
Geometry

Money - Working out depreciation
Money - Working out hire purchase
Common Solids - Identification of common solids
Common Solids - Characteristics of common solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out depreciation of value
-Apply depreciation calculations to assets
-Understand depreciation in financial planning

-Research meaning of depreciation
-List items that depreciate in value
-Calculate value after depreciation
-Discuss impact of depreciation on investments

How do we calculate depreciation of value?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 97
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 98
-Brochures from shops
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 158
-Common solid objects
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 160
-Solid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of cube and cuboid
Common Solids - Nets of pyramids
Common Solids - Nets of cylinders
Common Solids - Nets of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of cubes and cuboids
-Understand the relationship between nets and solids
-Show interest in nets of solids

-Use boxes with open tops for the activity
-Cut along edges and spread out the faces
-Sketch the shape of the spread faces
-Identify different possible nets for the same solid

How do we use common solids in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 161
-Cardboard boxes
-Scissors
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 163
-Pyramid models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 164
-Cylindrical objects
-Ruler
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Conical objects
-Compass

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cubes
Common Solids - Surface area of cuboids
Common Solids - Surface area of cylinders
Common Solids - Surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cubes from nets
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Show interest in surface area calculations

-Draw nets of cubes with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of each face (all squares of same size)
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 6a²

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Cube models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 168
-Cuboid models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 170
-Cylinder models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 171
-Triangular prism models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Distance between points on solid surfaces
Common Solids - More on distance between points
Common Solids - Making models of hollow solids
Common Solids - Making skeleton models
Common Solids - Making compact solid models
Common Solids - Applications of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the distance between points on solid surfaces
-Apply shortest path principles
-Show interest in practical applications

-Draw nets of solids with marked points
-Trace the path between points on the net
-Measure the shortest distance between points
-Verify using the solid model

How do we find distances on solid surfaces?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 172
-Solid models
-Ruler
-String
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 174
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 175
-Paper/cardboard
-Scissors
-Glue/tape
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 176
-Straws/wires
-Clay/adhesive
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 177
-Clay/plasticine
-Containers
-Tools for molding
-Sample objects
-Digital resources
-Models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments