Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Pre-Technical Studies - Components of Pre-Technical Studies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Pre-Technical Studies as a learning area
- Identify the components of Pre-Technical Studies
- Show interest in learning about Pre-Technical Studies

- Study pictures showing Technical Studies, Computer Studies and Business Studies
- Discuss in groups what makes up Pre-Technical Studies
- Prepare a chart on components of Pre-Technical Studies

What are the parts that make up Pre-Technical Studies?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 1
- Charts
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Chart display

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Pre-Technical Studies - Role in day-to-day life
Introduction to Pre-Technical Studies - Practical skills in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of Pre-Technical Studies in day-to-day life
- Relate Pre-Technical Studies skills to solving everyday problems
- Appreciate the importance of Pre-Technical Studies in daily activities

- Discuss how Pre-Technical Studies helps in observing safety, solving problems and using technology
- List tasks people do daily in the community
- Identify problems and how Pre-Technical Studies skills can help solve them

How does Pre-Technical Studies help us solve practical problems?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 3
- Pictures
- Charts
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 4
- Home environment
- Exercise books

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Pre-Technical Studies - Career development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify careers in Pre-Technical Studies
- Discuss the role of Pre-Technical Studies in career development
- Embrace Pre-Technical Studies as a stepping stone to various careers

- Search the internet or print materials for information on careers of interest
- Write a summary on how Pre-Technical Studies skills are relevant to careers
- Debate on the motion 'Pre-Technical Studies is important in day-to-day life'

What careers can you pursue through Pre-Technical Studies?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 5
- Internet access
- Career brochures

- Debate participation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety in the Immediate Environment - Meaning of safety threats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term safety threat
- Distinguish between physical and online safety threats
- Show awareness of potential dangers in the environment

- Read and discuss the meaning of threat, physical threat and online threat
- Identify safety threats from pictures
- List down safety threats discussed

What is a safety threat?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 6
- Pictures
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety in the Immediate Environment - Physical safety threats
Safety in the Immediate Environment - Physical threats to digital devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain examples of physical safety threats
- Identify physical hazards in the school environment
- Appreciate the importance of recognising physical hazards

- Discuss potential hazards to personal safety (falls, slips, trips, fires, road accidents)
- Take a walk around the school to identify potential physical hazards
- Share findings with other learners

What physical hazards exist in our immediate environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 7
- School environment
- Exercise books
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 8
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety in the Immediate Environment - Online safety threats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain online safety threats (cyberbullying, impersonation, phishing, hacking, friend requests from unknown people)
- Demonstrate ways to keep personal data safe online
- Show concern for online safety

- Search for information on online safety threats
- Discuss ways to keep personal and sensitive data from the public when online
- Share findings with classmates

How can online threats put us at risk?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 9
- Internet access
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety in the Immediate Environment - Safety rules and regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State safety rules and regulations for performing tasks, handling materials and using tools
- Apply safety rules in different situations
- Appreciate the importance of following safety rules

- Discuss how to protect self and others from safety threats
- Discuss safety rules when performing tasks, handling materials and using tools
- Make a poster showing safety rules for staying safe online

What safety rules should we observe when working?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 10
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Poster making - Oral questions - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety in the Immediate Environment - Importance of observing safety
Computer Concepts - Meaning of computer, data and information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of observing safety in the immediate environment
- Role-play situations requiring safety observation
- Acknowledge safety as everyone's shared responsibility

- Visit a school laboratory or workshop to gather information on safety observation
- Role-play situations requiring safety for self and others
- Discuss importance of observing safety at home, school and technical workplaces

Why is observing safety important for everyone?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 11
- School laboratory/workshop
- Safety attires
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 12
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Role play - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Concepts - Characteristics of a computer (Speed, Accuracy, Versatility, Reliability)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain speed, accuracy, versatility and reliability as characteristics of computers
- Demonstrate understanding of computer characteristics through practical activities
- Appreciate the unique features of computers

- Study the mind map showing characteristics of computers
- Compare calculating a sum manually versus using a calculator
- Check for mistakes in a sentence manually and using a computer

What makes computers fast and accurate?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 14
- Calculators
- Computers

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Concepts - Characteristics of a computer (Diligence, Storage, Consistency)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain diligence, storage and consistency as characteristics of computers
- Demonstrate how computers store data and maintain consistency
- Value the dependability of computers in performing tasks

- Discuss whether computers get tired after working for long
- Find out how many contacts a mobile phone can store
- Perform the same task multiple times on a computer and observe consistency
- Create a chart showing characteristics of computers

How do computers store large amounts of data without errors?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 15
- Mobile phones
- Computers
- Charts

- Chart display - Oral questions - Practical activities

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Concepts - Classification based on functionality and purpose
Computer Concepts - Classification based on size

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe classification of computers based on functionality and purpose
- Classify computers as general-purpose, special-purpose, personal computers, workstations, servers or supercomputers
- Show interest in different types of computers

- Study images of different types of computers
- Discuss classification based on functionality (general-purpose, special-purpose)
- Discuss classification based on purpose (personal computers, workstations, servers, supercomputers)

Why are computers classified differently based on their function?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 16
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 17
- School computers

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Concepts - Using computers and importance in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the importance of computers in day-to-day life
- Use a computer to perform tasks such as typing and calculations
- Acknowledge the role of computers in communication, learning and entertainment

- Use a computer to type an assignment
- Use a calculator to compute totals
- Discuss the importance of computers (communication, learning, entertainment, shopping, storage)
- Create a portfolio of images of various computers with their characteristics

How do computers make our daily activities easier?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 19
- Computers
- Calculators
- Internet access

- Practical work - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Importance of drawing as a means of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of drawing as a means of communication
- Draw simple pictures to communicate ideas and feelings
- Appreciate the role of drawing in expressing thoughts

- Discuss what different pictures communicate
- Draw simple pictures to communicate ideas such as a home, friendship or playing
- Walk around the school or community and identify different kinds of drawings

How can drawings help us share our thoughts and feelings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 21
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing activities

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Difference between artistic and technical drawings
Introduction to Drawing - Lettering in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms technical drawing and artistic drawing
- Distinguish between artistic and technical drawings
- Show interest in different types of drawings

- Brainstorm on the meaning of technical drawing and artistic drawing
- Study pictures showing different drawings and identify which are artistic and which are technical
- Use print or online resources to search for information on artistic and technical drawing

What is the difference between artistic and technical drawings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 22
- Pictures
- Charts
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 24
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart display

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Types of lines and their application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of lines used in drawing
- Draw various types of lines (thick and thin continuous, dashed and chain)
- Appreciate the application of different lines in technical drawing

- Discuss the differences between various types of lines
- Trace over each type of line with pencils
- Design a simple map using different line types to show boundaries and paths

How are different types of lines used in technical drawing?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 26
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Rulers

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Symbols used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of symbols used in drawing
- Sketch basic symbols (⌀, ℄, R, ⊥, ▢) used in drawing
- Show interest in using symbols for communication

- Study drawings and identify symbols used
- Practise drawing symbols (⌀, ℄, R, ⊥, ▢)
- Search on the internet or in print materials for more symbols used in drawing

What do the different symbols represent in technical drawing?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 28
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Charts

- Practical work - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Abbreviations and their applications
Free-hand Sketching - Meaning of free-hand sketching

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain abbreviations (DRG, A/F, A/C, I/D, O/D) used in drawing
- Apply symbols and abbreviations in drawing
- Appreciate the role of symbols and abbreviations in communication

- Read and discuss the meaning of abbreviations (DRG, A/F, A/C, I/D, O/D)
- Watch a video on applications of symbols and abbreviations in drawing
- Write a summary on applications of symbols and abbreviations

Why do we use abbreviations in technical drawings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 29
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 30
- Pictures
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Box method and centreline method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the box method and centreline method of free-hand sketching
- Apply the box method and centreline method in sketching
- Appreciate the usefulness of sketching techniques

- Watch a video showing how to use the box method to draw a figure
- Watch a video showing how to use the centreline method to draw a figure
- Practise using box method and centreline method to sketch objects

How do the box method and centreline method help in sketching?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 32
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Hand compass method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the hand compass method of free-hand sketching
- Use the hand compass method to capture accurate proportions in sketches
- Value accuracy in free-hand sketching

- Follow teacher instructions to practise using the hand compass method
- Discuss sketches drawn using different techniques
- Practise using hand compass method to capture proportions

How does the hand compass method help in achieving accurate proportions?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 33
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Hatching and cross-hatching
Free-hand Sketching - Stippling and blending

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe hatching and cross-hatching as sketching techniques
- Apply hatching and cross-hatching to create shading in sketches
- Appreciate the effect of shading techniques in drawings

- Use print and digital media to search for information on hatching and cross-hatching
- Draw two circles and fill one using hatching and the other using cross-hatching
- Share work with peers for feedback

How do hatching and cross-hatching create shading effects?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 33
- Pencils
- Drawing papers
- Digital devices
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 34
- Tissue paper

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Sketching straight lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the correct way to hold a pencil when drawing straight lines
- Sketch straight lines using free-hand
- Appreciate the importance of proper technique in line sketching

- Discuss the proper way to hold a pencil when drawing straight lines
- Discuss how horizontal and vertical lines should be drawn
- Practise sketching horizontal, vertical and inclined straight lines using free-hand

What is the correct technique for sketching straight lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 35
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Improving line sketching skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain tips for improving sketching of straight lines
- Demonstrate correct pencil positioning and arm movement when sketching
- Value continuous practice in improving sketching skills

- Discuss tips for improving line sketching such as pencil grip and angle
- Practise drawing horizontal lines from left to right with free arm movement
- Practise drawing vertical lines downward with wrist and arm movement

How can we improve our line sketching skills?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 36
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Sketching 2D shapes
Free-hand Sketching - Drawing curved lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify two-dimensional shapes
- Sketch 2D shapes (squares, rectangles, circles, triangles) using free-hand
- Appreciate the importance of keeping sketches in proportion

- List two-dimensional shapes covered in Mathematics
- Fetch pencils and drawing papers
- Use pencils and drawing papers to sketch two-dimensional shapes

Why is it important to keep sketches in proportion?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 36
- Pencils
- Drawing papers
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Application in different careers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of free-hand sketching in communication
- Relate free-hand sketching to different career fields
- Appreciate the role of free-hand sketching in various professions

- Visit online galleries and observe free-hand sketches by artists
- Explore websites like Behance or Dribble to view portfolios from professionals
- Discuss how people in creative careers use sketching daily

How is free-hand sketching used in different careers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Meaning and importance of ICT tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ICT tools as used in communication
- Explain the importance of ICT tools in communication
- Show interest in using ICT tools for communication

- Discuss what is happening in pictures showing video conferencing, emails, SMS and phone calls
- Find out the meaning of Information Communication Technology tools
- Discuss the importance of ICT tools in communication

What are ICT tools and why are they important?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Email

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe email as an ICT tool used in communication
- Demonstrate how to send and receive emails
- Appreciate the role of email in digital communication

- Discuss how email works and its components (email address, username, password)
- Learn about various email software (Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo)
- With guidance of teacher, draft an email introducing yourself and send to a classmate

How does email enable us to communicate with others?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 40
- Computers
- Internet access

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Mobile phones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile phones as ICT tools used in communication
- Demonstrate how to make calls and send messages using mobile phones
- Value responsible use of mobile phones

- Discuss how mobile phones allow communication through voice calls, messages and video calls
- Organise a mock calling session using a mobile phone
- Practise sending messages to another group about a school-related topic

How do mobile phones help us communicate?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 40
- Mobile phones

- Practical work - Observation - Role play

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Computers and web conferencing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe computers and web conferencing tools used in communication
- Identify web conferencing software (Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams)
- Appreciate the role of technology in connecting people

- Discuss how computers produce and share information
- Find out from internet or print materials how web conferencing tools work
- Learn about common web conferencing software (Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet)

How do computers and web conferencing tools enable communication?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 41
- Computers
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Social networking
ICT Tools in Communication - Online collaboration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain social networking as an ICT tool for communication
- Identify social networking platforms (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, X)
- Show awareness of responsible use of social media

- Discuss how social networking allows users to connect, communicate and share information
- Identify social networking platforms (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp, X)
- Discuss responsible use of social media platforms

How does social networking help people connect and communicate?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 41
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Computers

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Sending and receiving texts, calls and chats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to send and receive texts, calls and chats
- Use ICT tools to send and receive texts, calls and chats
- Appreciate the convenience of instant communication

- Practise answering calls politely and ending calls properly
- Use a mobile phone to send messages to classmates
- Participate in a group online chat discussion

How do we use ICT tools to send and receive messages?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 42
- Mobile phones
- Computers

- Practical work - Observation - Role play

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Audio, animations and video

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how audio, animations and video enhance communication
- Use ICT tools to record and share audio and video messages
- Acknowledge the role of multimedia in modern communication

- Record an audio message sharing a fun fact and send to a classmate
- Create a short animation to share a simple message
- Record a short video introducing yourself and share with classmates

How do audio, animations and video enhance our communication?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 42
- Mobile phones
- Computers
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Meaning of materials used in production
Introduction to Materials - Examples of materials used in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make different items
- Show interest in learning about materials for production

- Discuss the meaning of materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (furniture, clothing, containers)
- Search online or in relevant print media for information on materials used in production

What are materials used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 43
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 44
- Realia (wood, metal, plastic samples)
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Distinguishing metallic and non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials
- Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic materials in the locality
- Value the unique properties of different materials

- Study pictures showing metallic and non-metallic materials
- Discuss which materials are hard to break and which can be bent without breaking
- Take a walk in school compound and community to identify and group materials as metallic or non-metallic

What are the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 45
- Metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, paper)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Sustainable use of materials in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe sustainable ways of using materials in production
- Apply sustainable practices such as reduce, reuse and recycle
- Appreciate the importance of using materials sustainably

- Discuss how to use materials sustainably (reduce waste, reuse, recycle)
- Discuss using renewable materials and energy-efficient methods
- Make notes and present on sustainable ways of using materials in production

How can we use materials in production sustainably?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 47
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Importance of materials in production
Introduction to Materials - Application of materials in everyday items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of materials in production
- Relate materials to the quality and durability of finished products
- Acknowledge the role of materials in manufacturing

- Name items made from different materials in the classroom
- Discuss how materials help items serve their purpose
- Search for information from print materials or internet on importance of materials in production

Why are materials important in the production of items?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 48
- Classroom items
- Internet access
- Charts
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 49
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Types of metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper) used in the immediate environment
- Match metallic materials to items made from them
- Show interest in learning about metals

- Study pictures showing items made from steel, aluminium and copper
- Discuss items made using steel, aluminium and copper
- Search on internet or print materials for information on metallic materials

What types of metallic materials are found in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 50
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Metallic samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Identifying metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe metallic materials found in the school and community
- Prepare a checklist for identifying types of metallic materials
- Appreciate the presence of metals in our surroundings

- Take a walk around school or community and identify items made of metal
- Identify the type of metallic materials used to make the items
- Record findings in a table showing item name, location, type of metal and use

How can we identify metallic materials in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 51
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Observation - Checklist - Field notes

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Appearance and colour of metals
Metallic Materials - Weight and flexibility of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the appearance and colour of metallic materials
- Observe and compare physical appearance of steel, aluminium and copper
- Value careful observation skills in identifying metals

- Get a steel spoon, aluminium can and copper wire and observe their physical appearance
- Describe the colour and appearance of each metal (shiny or dull)
- Record observations in exercise book

What do different metals look like?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- Steel spoon
- Aluminium can
- Copper wire
- Steel samples
- Aluminium samples
- Copper samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Magnetism of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain magnetism as a property of some metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test magnetism of metals
- Show curiosity in discovering magnetic properties of metals

- Use a magnet to test for magnetism of steel, aluminium and copper
- Observe and note which materials are attracted to the magnet
- Share findings with other members in class

Which metals are attracted to magnets?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53
- Magnets
- Steel, aluminium and copper samples

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Conductivity of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain conductivity of heat as a property of metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test heat conductivity of metals
- Value safety precautions when working with heat

- Place one end of steel, aluminium and copper rods in a flame and feel the other end
- Note which type of rod makes the hand feel warm
- Share findings with other learners in class

Which metals conduct heat better?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53
- Metal rods (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Source of heat
- Safety gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Conductivity of electricity
Metallic Materials - Properties of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain conductivity of electricity as a property of metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test electrical conductivity of metals
- Appreciate the use of metals in electrical applications

- Set up a simple circuit with a bulb, cell and connecting wires
- Connect aluminium, steel and copper rods in turns as the material being tested
- Observe which material when connected makes the bulb light

Which metals conduct electricity best?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Bulb
- Cell
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Charts
- Metal samples

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Uses of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of steel, aluminium and copper in the immediate environment
- Match metallic materials to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals in everyday life

- Use digital device or print resources to search for uses of steel, aluminium and copper
- Look around school or community and list items made of steel, aluminium or copper
- Take pictures or draw items made from these metals

How are steel, aluminium and copper used in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- School environment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Matching metals to their applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate metallic materials to their specific applications
- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Value the contribution of metals to construction and technology

- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Present work to classmates
- Make a chart showing more uses of steel, aluminium and copper

Why are different metals suitable for different uses?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Meaning and examples of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define non-metallic materials
- Identify non-metallic materials found in the locality
- Show interest in learning about non-metallic materials

- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (wooden furniture, plastic containers, glass windows)
- Find out from internet or print materials the meaning of non-metallic material
- Discuss examples of non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics, stone, cement, paper)

What are non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 56
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Non-metallic samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying non-metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe non-metallic materials found in the school environment
- Identify items made from non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the variety of non-metallic materials around us

- Take a walk around school environment
- Identify non-metallic materials in school compound
- List non-metallic materials found and share findings with peers

What non-metallic materials can we find in our school?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 57
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Observation - Field notes - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Natural and synthetic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the difference between natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Categorise non-metallic materials as either natural or synthetic
- Value both natural and synthetic materials in production

- Read and discuss definitions of synthetic and natural materials
- Categorise materials as natural (wood, cotton, leather, wool) or synthetic (plastic, rubber, cement, glass, ceramics, nylon)
- Sort non-metallic materials in the environment as natural or synthetic

What is the difference between natural and synthetic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Natural material samples
- Synthetic material samples
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Sorting activities

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying natural and synthetic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Colour and texture of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural and synthetic materials in the environment
- Create a poster showing natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the sources of different materials

- Identify non-metallic materials in the environment
- Categorise materials as natural or synthetic
- Take pictures of materials and make a poster to share with peers

How can we identify natural and synthetic materials around us?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Environment
- Camera/phone
- Chart papers
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Wood, stone, plastic, paper, rubber, cement, glass, ceramic samples

- Poster making - Observation - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Hardness of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain hardness as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform hardness test on non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the varying hardness of different materials

- Use a metal nail to scratch each material lightly
- Observe which materials scratch easily and which resist scratching
- Classify materials as soft (scratch easily) or hard (resist scratching) and record results

Which non-metallic materials are hard and which are soft?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Metal nail
- Non-metallic material samples
- Gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Fire resistance of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain fire resistance as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform fire resistance test on non-metallic materials
- Value safety precautions when working with fire

- Light a candle and hold each material over the flame using tongs
- Observe how each material reacts (catches fire, melts or changes colour)
- Create a summary table showing fire resistance of each material

Which non-metallic materials are fire resistant?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 60
- Candle
- Tongs
- Non-metallic material samples
- Safety gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Summary of physical properties
Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the physical properties of various non-metallic materials
- Compare physical properties of different non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the unique properties of each material

- Study summary table of physical properties of non-metallic materials
- Identify five items made from non-metallic materials at home
- Examine items' physical properties and note in exercise book

How do the physical properties of non-metallic materials compare?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 60
- Summary table
- Exercise books
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics in the locality
- Relate non-metallic materials to their applications
- Appreciate the importance of non-metallic materials in production

- Discuss uses of rubber (tires, footwear, seals)
- Discuss uses of cement (constructing buildings, making roads)
- Discuss uses of glass (windows, bottles, decorative items) and ceramics (tiles, pottery, kitchenware)
- Write summary of uses of non-metallic materials in production

How are rubber, cement, glass and ceramics used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics in the locality
- Relate non-metallic materials to their applications
- Appreciate the importance of non-metallic materials in production

- Discuss uses of rubber (tires, footwear, seals)
- Discuss uses of cement (constructing buildings, making roads)
- Discuss uses of glass (windows, bottles, decorative items) and ceramics (tiles, pottery, kitchenware)
- Write summary of uses of non-metallic materials in production

How are rubber, cement, glass and ceramics used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions