Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science
Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components
- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates

How does integration help us understand science better?
What is the study of Physics all about?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources
- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how science improves farming
- Identify scientific tools used in agriculture
- Appreciate science applications in food production

- Study pictures showing modern farming methods
- Discuss how science helps increase crop production
- Visit the school garden to observe scientific practices
- Create a chart on science in agriculture

How has science transformed agriculture?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden
- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit

- Practical observations - Chart making - Oral presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain scientific innovations in transport
- Identify eco-friendly transport methods
- Appreciate technological advancement in transport

- Study pictures of different transport methods
- Discuss electric vehicles and their benefits
- Compare traditional and modern transport
- Create a timeline of transport evolution

How has science improved transportation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access
- Food packages
- Fabric samples
- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Timeline creation - Group discussions - Observations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways
Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review
Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain STEM pathway components
- Identify senior school science options
- Appreciate the importance of STEM education

- Define the term laboratory
- Identify places where laboratories are found
- Appreciate the importance of laboratories

- Study STEM pathway diagram
- Discuss Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, and Technical Engineering
- Create a pathway flow chart
- Share findings with peers
- Visit the school laboratory
- Discuss what a laboratory is used for
- Identify different types of laboratories
- Share experiences about laboratory visits

How does Integrated Science prepare us for senior school?
What is a laboratory and why is it important?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers
- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics
- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories

- Flow chart creation - Peer discussions - Written assignments
- Practical observations - Oral questions - Written definitions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials

- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances
Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify flammable substances
- Explain safety measures for flammable materials
- Practice safe handling of such substances

- Identify the flammable symbol
- Discuss substances that catch fire easily
- Practice proper storage methods
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures

How should we handle substances that catch fire easily?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels

- Practical demonstrations - Safety practice assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corrosive substances
- Explain the effects of corrosive materials
- Practice safe handling of corrosive substances

- Identify the corrosive symbol
- Discuss damage caused by corrosive substances
- Practice emergency procedures
- Demonstrate proper storage

What happens when corrosive substances touch our skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment

- Emergency procedure practice - Safety demonstrations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances
Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents
Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Explain the dangers of radiation and cancer-causing substances
- Appreciate the need for extreme caution

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Discuss health effects of radiation
- Learn about protective measures
- Practice safety protocols
- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures

Why do we need special protection from radioactive materials?
What is the difference between burns and scalds?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart
- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms
- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment

- Safety protocol demonstration - Symbol recognition - Written assessments
- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify causes of cuts in the laboratory
- Practice safe handling of glassware
- Demonstrate proper cleanup procedures

- Handle glassware safely
- Practice proper disposal of broken glass
- Demonstrate safe cutting techniques
- Learn emergency response for cuts

How can we prevent cuts when using glassware?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves

- Safe handling demonstration - Emergency response practice - Practical assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances
Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how harmful substances can be ingested
- Practice hygiene measures in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency response procedures

- Discuss how chemicals can accidentally enter the body
- Practice proper hand washing techniques
- Learn about eating restrictions in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency first aid

Why should we never eat or drink in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information
- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- Hygiene practice assessment - Emergency procedure demonstration - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies
Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for poisoning
- Practice emergency communication
- Show knowledge of when not to induce vomiting

- Explain why laboratory safety is important
- Value personal and others' safety
- Appreciate the role of safety in learning

- Learn appropriate responses to chemical ingestion
- Practice emergency calling procedures
- Understand poison control measures
- Role-play poisoning emergencies
- Discuss benefits of following safety rules
- Analyze consequences of ignoring safety
- Create safety promotion materials
- Present safety importance to younger students

What should we do if someone swallows a harmful chemical?
Why is it important to follow safety rules in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information
- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment
- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials

- Emergency response demonstration - Communication skills assessment - Scenario-based evaluation
- Safety presentation assessment - Material creation evaluation - Peer teaching assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define manipulative skills
- Practice handling laboratory equipment
- Demonstrate safe manipulation techniques

- Handle various laboratory tools
- Practice proper gripping techniques
- Demonstrate equipment care
- Show safe manipulation methods

How do we safely handle laboratory equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves

- Equipment handling assessment - Safety demonstration - Practical skills evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define observation skills
- Practice using different senses for observation
- Record observations accurately

- Use all senses to observe objects
- Practice detailed observation techniques
- Record observations systematically
- Compare observations with classmates

What can we learn by observing carefully?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets
- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure

- Observation recording assessment - Accuracy evaluation - Systematic recording check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define classification skills
- Practice grouping objects by properties
- Create classification systems

- Sort objects by different characteristics
- Create classification charts
- Practice biological classification
- Develop personal classification systems

How do we organize things into groups?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts

- Classification accuracy assessment - Chart creation evaluation - System development check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Identify heating apparatus in the laboratory
- Name different heating instruments
- Understand the purpose of each heating device

- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting
- Observe different heating apparatus
- Identify Bunsen burners, spirit lamps, and hot plates
- Discuss uses of each heating device
- Create a chart of heating equipment

How do we share our scientific discoveries?
What equipment do we use for heating in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids
- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials

- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check
- Equipment identification assessment - Chart creation evaluation - Purpose explanation check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of heating apparatus
- Practice safety measures while heating
- Show proper care and maintenance procedures

- Practice lighting a Bunsen burner safely
- Demonstrate proper flame adjustment
- Practice cleaning and storage procedures
- Follow safety protocols throughout

How do we safely use and care for heating equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Safe usage demonstration - Care procedure assessment - Safety protocol evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects

What instruments do we use to measure mass?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing
- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures

- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify length measuring instruments
- Use rulers, calipers, and micrometers
- Practice accurate length measurements

- Use rulers and tape measures
- Practice with vernier calipers
- Learn micrometer screw gauge usage
- Measure various object dimensions

What tools help us measure length precisely?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement

- Measurement precision assessment - Tool usage evaluation - Accuracy comparison check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify volume measuring apparatus
- Use spring balances for weight measurement
- Practice accurate volume and weight measurements

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Use measuring cylinders and pipettes
- Practice with spring balances
- Measure volumes of liquids
- Determine weights of objects
- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we measure volume and weight in the laboratory?
How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances
- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Volume measurement assessment - Weight determination evaluation - Apparatus usage check
- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation
Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning

What have we learned about scientific investigation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify mixtures in the environment
- Categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Appreciate the importance of understanding different types of mixtures

- Take a walk in the school environment to identify mixtures
- Record different types of mixtures observed
- Use a table to categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

What makes a mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation
Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures
Mixtures - Separation by evaporation
Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify solute, solvent and solution in various mixtures
- Explain the process of dissolving
- Appreciate the concept of solutions in daily life

- Carry out activity using salt and water to identify solute, solvent and solution
- Observe and record the dissolving process
- Discuss observations with peers

What happens when a solute dissolves in a solvent?

Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods
Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand
Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Filter paper and funnel

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Simple distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify apparatus used in simple distillation
- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Appreciate the importance of proper apparatus setup

- Demonstrate fractional distillation process
- Explain separation of miscible liquids
- Show appreciation for advanced separation techniques

- Identify distillation apparatus
- With teacher guidance, set up distillation apparatus
- Discuss the function of each apparatus
- Practice safety measures
- Separate water and ethanol mixture using fractional distillation
- Monitor temperature changes
- Collect fractions at different temperatures
- Discuss applications

Why is proper setup important in distillation?
How are miscible liquids with close boiling points separated?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist
- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by sublimation
Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction
Mixtures - Separation by chromatography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Explain solvent extraction method
- Extract oil from nuts using solvent extraction
- Show interest in extraction processes

- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime
- Crush groundnuts and add propanone
- Allow mixture to settle and decant solution
- Evaporate solvent to obtain oil
- Test oil properties using filter paper

How does sublimation help in purifying substances?
How are useful substances extracted from natural materials?

Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool
Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Measuring cylinder

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply chromatography technique to different materials
- Explain solubility differences in separation
- Show interest in analytical chemistry

- Use different ink samples for chromatography
- Apply radial chromatography technique
- Compare results from different inks
- Discuss solubility and movement patterns

Why do different components move different distances in chromatography?

Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Propanone
- Droppers

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life
Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Review of separation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results

- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge of separation methods to solve practical problems
- Evaluate effectiveness of different separation techniques
- Show confidence in handling separation challenges

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Solve complex separation problems
- Design separation procedures for given mixtures
- Evaluate and critique separation methods
- Present solutions to separation challenges
- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances

How can we design effective separation procedures for complex mixtures?
What makes substances acidic or basic?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book
Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Assessment rubrics - Practical work - Written tests
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare acid-base indicators from plant flowers
- Extract colored substances from plant materials
- Show interest in natural indicator preparation

- Collect colored flowers from school environment
- Cut flowers into small pieces
- Crush flowers with ethanol to extract color
- Filter the extract to obtain colored solution

How do we extract useful indicators from plants?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of acids
- Investigate appearance, texture, and smell of acids
- Show safe handling practices with acids

- Describe physical properties of bases
- Compare properties of bases with acids
- Appreciate differences between acids and bases

- Observe appearance of lemon juice
- Safely smell acidic solutions by wafting
- Feel texture using gloved hands
- Test with litmus papers
- Record observations in a table
- Observe appearance of baking powder solution
- Test texture and smell safely
- Test with litmus papers
- Compare with acidic solution properties
- Record comparative observations

What are the distinctive physical properties of acids?
How do physical properties of bases differ from acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Test tubes
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Baking powder solution
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Comparison tables
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical work - Observation - Safety assessment
- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Comparative analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test electrical conductivity of acids and bases
- Explain why acids and bases conduct electricity
- Appreciate electrical properties of solutions

- Set up electrical conductivity apparatus
- Test conductivity of vinegar
- Test conductivity of baking powder solution
- Observe bulb brightness in both cases

Why do acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Acidic and basic solutions

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of acids in food, industry, and medicine
- Explain applications of acids in various sectors
- Appreciate importance of acids in society

- Use digital devices to research acid applications
- Study images of acid uses in various industries
- Discuss food preservation using acids
- Explore medicinal uses of acids

How are acids useful in our daily lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of bases in cooking, cleaning, and medicine
- Explain applications of bases in agriculture
- Show appreciation for base applications

- Discuss baking soda uses in cooking
- Explore cleaning applications of bases
- Research medicinal uses of antacids
- Study soil treatment with bases

What important roles do bases play in our lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples
- Test strips examples
- Laboratory indicators

- Observation - Research activities - Oral presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Explain uses of acids and bases in food preparation
- Identify preservative and flavoring applications
- Appreciate chemical processes in cooking

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates
- Study food preservatives containing acids
- Explore baking powder use in cooking
- Discuss vinegar applications in food
- Analyze food flavoring with citric acid

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?
How do acids and bases contribute to food preparation and preservation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills
- Observation - Practical demonstrations - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify medicinal uses of acids and bases
- Explain antacid function in treating heartburn
- Appreciate chemical solutions to health problems

- Study antacid tablet ingredients
- Discuss stomach acid neutralization
- Explore pain relief medications containing acids
- Research medical applications of acids and bases

How do acids and bases help solve health problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research

- Research activities - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cleaning applications of acids and bases
- Identify industrial uses of acids and bases
- Show appreciation for chemical solutions in industry

- Study toilet cleaners containing acids
- Explore soap and detergent base content
- Discuss car battery acid applications
- Research industrial acid and base uses

What roles do acids and bases play in cleaning and industrial processes?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Industrial application analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about acids, bases, and indicators
- Compare different identification methods
- Demonstrate comprehensive understanding

- Review acid and base definitions
- Compare litmus and plant extract indicators
- Summarize physical properties
- Create concept maps of applications

How do all the concepts about acids, bases, and indicators connect?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways

- Written tests - Assessment rubrics - Concept mapping