NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Place value and total value of digits up to hundreds of thousands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place value of digits up to hundreds of thousands using place value charts.
- Relate the place value to the value of a number.
- Show interest in relating place values in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete a pattern showing numbers from 9 to 100,000.
- Identify place values up to hundreds of thousands using place value apparatus.
- Discuss the place values of hundreds of thousands (HTh), ten thousands (TTh), thousands (Th), hundreds (H), tens (T) and ones (O).
- Write numbers on place value charts.
- Share their findings with other groups.

Where is place value used in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 1.
- Place value apparatus.
- Number charts.
- Number cards.
- Multiplication tables.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 2.
- Place value charts.
- Abacus.
- Manila paper.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Written exercises.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Place value and total value of digits up to hundreds of thousands
Whole Numbers: Numbers up to hundreds of thousands in symbols
Whole Numbers: Numbers up to hundreds of thousands in symbols
Whole Numbers: Reading, writing and relating numbers up to tens of thousands in words

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the total value of digits in 6-digit numbers.
- Recognize the importance of total values in real-life situations.
- Show interest in using total value to solve problems.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write any 6-digit numbers.
- Represent the numbers on place value charts.
- Read the number relating each digit to its place value.
- Write the total value of each digit.
- Solve problems involving total values of digits.
- Share with other groups.

How does total value differ from place value?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 3.
- Place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 4.
- Number charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 6.
- Charts with numbers.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 7.
- Word cards.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Observation. - Group discussion.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Reading, writing and relating numbers up to tens of thousands in words
Whole Numbers: Ordering numbers up to tens of thousands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read numbers from 50,001 to 99,999 in words.
- Write numbers from 50,001 to 99,999 in words.
- Show interest in reading and writing numbers in words.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write digits on cards.
- Arrange the cards to form 5-digit numbers greater than 50,000.
- Write the numbers formed in words.
- Read numbers in words.
- Form other numbers and write them in words.
- Share with other groups.

How do we read and write large numbers in words?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 9.
- Number cards.
- Charts with numbers.
- Word cards.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 10.
- Place value charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 11.
- Manila paper.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Observation.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Ordering numbers up to tens of thousands
Whole Numbers: Rounding off numbers up to tens of thousands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Arrange numbers from the largest to the smallest.
- Solve problems involving ordering of numbers.
- Show interest in ordering numbers in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Each member writes a digit on a card.
- Use the digits on cards to form 5-digit numbers.
- Arrange the numbers formed from largest to smallest.
- Discuss and share with other groups.

How does ordering of numbers help us in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 13.
- Number cards.
- Place value charts.
- Charts with numbers.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 15.
- Number lines.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Rounding off numbers up to tens of thousands
Whole Numbers: Divisibility tests of 2, 5 and 10

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Round off numbers to the nearest thousand.
- Apply rounding off in real-life situations.
- Show interest in approximating numbers.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw number lines to represent numbers between thousands.
- List numbers nearer to lower and upper thousand.
- Determine the rules for rounding off to the nearest thousand.
- Share their findings with other groups.

How is rounding off useful in everyday life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 17.
- Number lines.
- Number cards.
- Manila paper.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 18.
- Charts with numbers.
- Multiplication tables.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Divisibility tests of 2, 5 and 10

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify numbers divisible by 5.
- Apply divisibility test of 5 in solving problems.
- Appreciate the application of divisibility tests.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Divide given numbers by 5.
- Write down the last digit of each number divisible by 5.
- Determine the divisibility rule for 5.
- Discuss and share results with other groups.

When do we use divisibility tests in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 20.
- Number cards.
- Charts with numbers.
- Multiplication tables.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 22.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors and divisors of numbers.
- Find pairs of factors for given numbers.
- Show interest in determining factors of numbers.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write pairs of numbers whose product is a given number.
- List in order the numbers that appear in pairs.
- Identify factors and divisors of given numbers.
- Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we find factors of a number?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 23.
- Number cards.
- Charts with factors.
- Bottle tops.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 24.
- Multiplication tables.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Observation.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
Whole Numbers: Least Common Multiple (LCM)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of numbers.
- Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of numbers.
- Show interest in applying HCF and GCD in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- List the factors or divisors of given numbers.
- Identify and list the common factors or divisors.
- Identify the highest of the common factors.
- Solve problems involving HCF/GCD.
- Share results with other groups.

How does finding HCF help us solve real-life problems?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 25.
- Number cards.
- Charts with factors.
- Manila paper.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 27.
- Charts with multiples.
- Multiplication tables.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Observation.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers: Least Common Multiple (LCM)
Addition: Addition of up to three 6-digit numbers without regrouping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of numbers.
- Apply LCM in solving real-life problems.
- Show interest in using LCM in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- List the first five multiples of given numbers.
- Identify and write the common multiples.
- Identify the least (smallest) of the common multiples.
- Solve problems involving LCM.
- Discuss and share results with other groups.

How is LCM applied in everyday situations?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 28.
- Number cards.
- Charts with multiples.
- Manila paper.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 29.
- Place value chart.
- Abacus.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Observation.

NUMBERS

Addition: Addition of up to three 6-digit numbers without regrouping
Addition: Addition of up to two 6-digit numbers with double regrouping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add up to three 6-digit numbers up to a sum of 1,000,000.
- Solve problems involving addition without regrouping.
- Appreciate the use of addition in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work out the sum of three 6-digit numbers without regrouping.
- Verify the sums using place value apparatus.
- Solve word problems involving addition without regrouping.
- Discuss and share results with other groups.

Where is addition used in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 31.
- Place value apparatus.
- Place value chart.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 32.
- Abacus.
- Number cards.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Addition: Addition of up to two 6-digit numbers with double regrouping
Addition: Estimating sum by rounding off

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add numbers with double regrouping.
- Solve problems involving addition with regrouping.
- Develop interest in adding large numbers.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write numbers in place value charts.
- Add the digits in each place value starting from ones.
- Regroup when necessary.
- Solve problems involving addition with double regrouping.
- Share results with other groups.

Why do we need to regroup when adding numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 33.
- Place value chart.
- Abacus.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 35.
- Number line.
- Number cards.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Addition: Creating patterns involving addition
Subtraction: Subtraction of up to 6-digit numbers without regrouping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create patterns involving addition up to a sum of 1,000,000.
- Identify rules in addition patterns.
- Show interest in making number patterns.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write a number less than 100 on a card.
- Add a fixed number to get the next term in the pattern.
- Continue adding the same number to form a pattern.
- Identify the rule in the pattern.
- Share results with other groups.

How do we create and use number patterns?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 38.
- Number cards.
- Manila paper.
- Charts with patterns.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 40.
- Place value chart.
- Abacus.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Subtraction: Subtraction of up to 6-digit numbers with regrouping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Subtract up to 6-digit numbers with regrouping.
- Explain the process of regrouping in subtraction.
- Show interest in subtracting numbers with regrouping.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Represent numbers on an abacus.
- Transfer rings from higher place values when necessary.
- Subtract by removing rings from each place value.
- Discuss the process of regrouping.
- Share results with other groups.

How does regrouping work in subtraction?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 42.
- Place value chart.
- Abacus.
- Number cards.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 43.
- Word problems.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Subtraction: Estimating difference by rounding off
Subtraction: Combined operations (addition and subtraction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate differences by rounding off the minuend and subtrahend.
- Apply estimation in real-life situations.
- Develop interest in estimating differences.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw number lines with marked intervals.
- Estimate the position of numbers on number lines.
- Round off numbers to the nearest hundred or thousand.
- Find the difference between rounded numbers.
- Share results with other groups.

Why do we estimate differences in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 45.
- Number line.
- Number cards.
- Place value chart.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 47.
- Word problems.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Subtraction: Creating patterns involving subtraction
Multiplication: Multiplying up to 3-digit by up to 2-digit numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create patterns involving subtraction from up to 1,000,000.
- Identify rules in subtraction patterns.
- Appreciate patterns in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw a line 5 meters long on the floor.
- Mark and label equal intervals on the line.
- Move backward at fixed intervals and record numbers.
- Identify the rule in the pattern.
- Create other patterns involving subtraction.
- Share results with other groups.

How can we use patterns involving subtraction?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 48.
- Tape measure.
- Number cards.
- Manila paper.
- Charts with patterns.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 50.
- Multiplication tables.
- Word problems.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Multiplication: Multiplying up to 3-digit by up to 2-digit numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number without regrouping.
- Use expanded form to multiply numbers.
- Develop interest in multiplying large numbers.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.
- Multiply 3-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers without regrouping.
- Use expanded form to multiply numbers.
- Solve problems involving multiplication.
- Share results with other groups.

What methods can we use to multiply large numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 52.
- Multiplication tables.
- Number cards.
- Manila paper.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 53.
- Word problems.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Multiplication: Estimating products by rounding off
Multiplication: Making patterns involving multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate products by rounding off factors to the nearest ten.
- Use compatible numbers to estimate products.
- Show interest in estimating products.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Round off each factor to the nearest ten.
- Find the product of rounded numbers.
- Use compatible numbers to estimate products.
- Compare estimated products with actual products.
- Share results with other groups.

When do we estimate products in everyday life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 54.
- Number cards.
- Place value chart.
- Multiplication tables.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 56.
- Manila paper.
- Charts with patterns.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Multiplication: Making patterns involving multiplication
Division: Division of up to 3-digit by up to 2-digit numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create patterns involving multiplication with products not exceeding 100.
- Continue given multiplication patterns.
- Appreciate patterns in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Create patterns starting with given numbers.
- Apply multiplication rules to continue patterns.
- Find missing numbers in patterns.
- Discuss and share patterns with other groups.

How are multiplication patterns used in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 57.
- Number cards.
- Manila paper.
- Charts with patterns.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 58.
- Division charts.
- Word problems.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Division: Division of up to 3-digit by up to 2-digit numbers
Division: Relationship between multiplication and division

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Divide 3-digit numbers by up to 2-digit numbers.
- Solve problems involving division.
- Develop interest in dividing large numbers.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get cards with digits 0 to 9.
- Form 3-digit numbers and divide them by 2-digit numbers.
- Use different methods of division.
- Solve word problems involving division.
- Share results with other groups.

What methods can we use to divide large numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 60.
- Number cards.
- Division charts.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 63.
- Multiplication tables.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS

Division: Estimating quotients by rounding off
Division: Combined operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate quotients by rounding off the dividend and divisor.
- Apply estimation in real-life situations.
- Appreciate the importance of estimation in division.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Round off dividend and divisor to the nearest ten.
- Divide the rounded numbers.
- Compare the estimated quotients with exact quotients.
- Discuss when to use estimation.
- Share results with other groups.

When do we need to estimate quotients?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 64.
- Number cards.
- Place value chart.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 65.
- Charts with order of operations.

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

NUMBERS
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT

Division: Combined operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
Length - Identifying the kilometre (km) as a unit of measuring length
Length - Estimating distance in kilometres
Length - Estimating distance in kilometres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create and solve number puzzles involving combined operations.
- Solve real-life problems involving combined operations.
- Show interest in number puzzles and games.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Create number games and puzzles involving division.
- Solve puzzles involving combined operations.
- Work out complex problems with multiple operations.
- Discuss strategies for solving complex problems.
- Share results with other groups.

How do combined operations help us solve complex problems?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 67.
- Number cards.
- Division wheels.
- Number puzzles.
- Word problems.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 104.
- Tape measure.
- 100 m strings.
- Pegs.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 105.
- Measuring tape.
- 100 m string.
- Record sheets.
- Google maps (if available).

- Written exercises. - Oral questions. - Group discussions.

MEASUREMENT

Length - Relationship between kilometre and metre
Length - Converting kilometres to metres
Length - Converting metres to kilometres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Establish the relationship between kilometre and metre.
- State that 1 kilometre = 1000 metres.
- Relate kilometre to multiple 100-metre distances.
- Appreciate the relationship between units of length.

The learner is guided to:
- Use 100 m string to measure a distance of 1000 m.
- Count how many times the 100 m string was used to cover 1000 m.
- Discuss the relationship between kilometre and metre.
- Complete tables relating kilometres to metres.

What is the relationship between kilometre and metre?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 105.
- 100 m string.
- Measuring tape.
- Chart showing relationship between kilometre and metre.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 106.
- Conversion tables.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 107.
- Conversion charts.
- Flashcards with conversion exercises.
- Sketch maps with distances.

- Oral questions. - Written exercise. - Observation.

MEASUREMENT

Length - Addition of metres and kilometres
Length - Subtraction of metres and kilometres
Length - Multiplication of metres and kilometres by whole numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add metres and kilometres without conversion.
- Add metres and kilometres with conversion.
- Solve word problems involving addition of metres and kilometres.
- Appreciate addition of units of length.

The learner is guided to:
- Set up addition of distances in vertical form.
- Add metres first, then add kilometres.
- Regroup where necessary when adding metres.
- Solve word problems involving addition of distances.

How do we add metres and kilometres?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 108.
- Conversion charts.
- Sketch maps with distances.
- Place value charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 111.
- Number cards.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 113.
- Multiplication charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Length - Division of metres and kilometres by whole numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Divide metres and kilometres by whole numbers.
- Apply regrouping where necessary.
- Solve word problems involving division.
- Appreciate division of units of length.

The learner is guided to:
- Divide kilometres by whole numbers.
- Convert remainder to metres where necessary.
- Add the converted metres to the existing metres.
- Divide the resultant metres by the divisor.

How do we divide metres and kilometres by whole numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 114.
- Division charts.
- Number cards.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 115.
- Calculators.
- Word problem cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Area - The square centimetre (cm²) as a unit of measuring area

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the square centimetre as a unit of measuring area.
- Draw one centimetre squares.
- Measure the lengths of the sides of one centimetre squares.
- Appreciate the use of square centimetre as a unit of area.

The learner is guided to:
- Measure the length of sides of squares.
- Trace and cut out one centimetre squares.
- Identify that area of a square with sides 1 cm is one square centimetre.
- Discuss the concept of area as the space occupied.

What is a square centimetre?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 119.
- Squared paper.
- Rulers.
- Scissors.
- One centimetre square cut-outs.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 120.
- Various 2D shapes.
- Glue.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Area - Working out area of rectangles in square centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find area of rectangles by counting squares.
- Relate number of square centimetres to area.
- Make patterns using one centimetre squares.
- Appreciate the concept of area.

The learner is guided to:
- Cover rectangles with one centimetre squares.
- Count squares to determine area.
- Discuss the relationship between number of squares and area.
- Make patterns using one centimetre squares.

How do you find the area of a rectangle?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 121.
- Squared paper.
- Rectangles of different sizes.
- One centimetre square cut-outs.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 122.
- Rectangular shapes.
- Rulers.
- Calculator.

- Observation. - Written exercise. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Area - Working out area of squares in square centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find area of squares by counting squares.
- Relate number of square centimetres to area.
- Make patterns using squares.
- Show interest in calculating areas.

The learner is guided to:
- Cover squares with one centimetre squares.
- Count squares to determine area.
- Discuss the relationship between number of squares and area.
- Make patterns using square shapes.

How do you find the area of a square?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 124.
- Squared paper.
- Squares of different sizes.
- One centimetre square cut-outs.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 125.
- Square shapes.
- Rulers.
- Calculator.

- Observation. - Written exercise. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Volume - The cubic centimetre (cm³) as a unit of measuring volume
Volume - Deriving the formula for volume of cuboid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the cubic centimetre as a unit of measuring volume.
- Make one centimetre cubes.
- Measure sides of cubic centimetre.
- Appreciate cubic centimetre as a unit of volume.

The learner is guided to:
- Make cubes with sides 1 cm using clay or plasticine.
- Measure the sides to confirm they are 1 cm each.
- Discuss that volume of this cube is one cubic centimetre.
- Make more 1 cm cubes for use in subsequent lessons.

What is a cubic centimetre?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 132.
- Clay or plasticine.
- Rulers.
- 1 cm cube models.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 133.
- Cuboid models.
- Charts showing cuboids.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Volume - Deriving the formula for volume of cuboid
Volume - Working out volume of cuboids in cubic centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate number of cubes to length, width and height.
- Derive the formula for volume of cuboid.
- Apply the formula to calculate volume.
- Appreciate the relationship between dimensions and volume.

The learner is guided to:
- Count the number of cubes along length, width and height.
- Multiply number of cubes along length, width and height.
- Compare result with total number of cubes.
- Derive that Volume = Length × Width × Height.

Why is the formula for volume of a cuboid length × width × height?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 134.
- Cuboid models.
- Calculators.
- Charts showing formula derivation.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 136.
- Rulers.
- Real objects in cuboid shape.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Observation.

MEASUREMENT

Volume - Deriving the formula for volume of cube
Volume - Working out volume of cubes in cubic centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Arrange cubic centimetres to form cubes.
- Count the number of cubes.
- Relate the number of cubes to volume.
- Develop interest in building models.

The learner is guided to:
- Arrange 1 cm cubes to form larger cubes.
- Count the number of 1 cm cubes used.
- Arrange cubes in layers and count them.
- Discuss relationship between number of cubes and volume.

How do we determine the volume of cubes?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 137.
- 1 cm cube models.
- Cube models.
- Charts showing cubes.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 138.
- Rulers.
- Calculators.
- Real objects in cube shape.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Identifying the millilitre as a unit of measuring capacity
Capacity - Measuring capacity in millilitres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the millilitre as a unit of measuring capacity.
- Measure 1 millilitre using appropriate apparatus.
- Name items sold in millilitres.
- Appreciate millilitre as a unit of capacity.

The learner is guided to:
- Use a transparent straw with one end closed.
- Fill a 5 ml teaspoon with water and put into straw.
- Divide the height of water into five equal parts.
- Identify that each part represents 1 millilitre.

What is a millilitre?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 143.
- Transparent straws.
- 5 ml teaspoons.
- Small bottles.
- Water.
- Small transparent bottles.
- Measuring cylinders.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Measuring capacity in millilitres
Capacity - Estimating and measuring capacity in multiples of 5 millilitres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use marked containers to measure capacity.
- Measure capacity of various containers.
- Record measurements accurately.
- Show interest in measuring capacity.

The learner is guided to:
- Use the marked bottle or cylinder to measure capacity of other small containers.
- Record measurements in a table.
- Calculate how many 5 ml or 10 ml spoons fill different containers.
- Discuss and compare results.

Which containers can hold more liquid?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 144.
- Marked bottles.
- Measuring cylinders.
- Various small containers.
- Water.
- 5 ml spoons.
- Various containers.
- Record sheets.

- Observation. - Practical activities. - Written exercise.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Estimating and measuring capacity in multiples of 5 millilitres
Capacity - Relationship between litres and millilitres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Improve accuracy in estimation.
- Measure capacity of larger containers.
- Record measurements systematically.
- Appreciate importance of estimation.

The learner is guided to:
- Estimate capacity of larger containers.
- Measure actual capacity using 5 ml spoon or larger measures.
- Record and compare results.
- Discuss ways to improve estimation.

How can we improve our estimation skills?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 145.
- 5 ml spoons.
- Larger containers.
- Measuring cylinders.
- Water.
- 1 litre bottles.
- Containers of various sizes (100ml, 200ml, 250ml, 500ml).
- Charts showing relationship.

- Observation. - Practical activities. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Converting litres to millilitres
Capacity - Converting millilitres to litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert litres to millilitres.
- Convert combined measures of litres and millilitres to millilitres.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.
- Appreciate conversion of units.

The learner is guided to:
- Convert simple measurements in litres to millilitres.
- Convert combined measurements (e.g., 2 l 240 ml) to millilitres.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.
- Share solutions with peers.

Why do we convert between litres and millilitres?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 146.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 147.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Addition of litres and millilitres
Capacity - Subtraction of litres and millilitres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add litres and millilitres without conversion.
- Add litres and millilitres with conversion.
- Solve word problems involving addition.
- Show interest in addition of units of capacity.

The learner is guided to:
- Set up addition of capacities in vertical form.
- Add millilitres first, then add litres.
- Regroup where necessary when adding millilitres.
- Solve word problems involving addition of capacities.

How do we add litres and millilitres?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 149.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Place value charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 152.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Capacity - Multiplication of litres and millilitres by whole numbers
Capacity - Division of litres and millilitres by whole numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply litres and millilitres by whole numbers.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication.
- Apply multiplication skills to real-life situations.
- Show interest in multiplication of units of capacity.

The learner is guided to:
- Multiply millilitres first, then multiply litres.
- Regroup product of millilitres where necessary.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication of capacities.
- Share solutions with peers.

How do we multiply litres and millilitres by whole numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 154.
- Multiplication charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 155.
- Division charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Identifying the gram as a unit of measuring mass
Mass - Measuring mass in grams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the gram as a unit of measuring mass.
- Measure 1 gram using appropriate apparatus.
- Name items sold in grams.
- Appreciate gram as a unit of mass.

The learner is guided to:
- Use a teaspoon to scoop dry sand or soil.
- Measure the mass of one teaspoonful using a weighing balance.
- Divide the sand into five equal amounts to get 1 gram each.
- Discuss items sold in grams.

What is a gram?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 160.
- Teaspoons.
- Dry sand or soil.
- Weighing balance.
- Sand bags.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 161.
- Weighing machine.
- Beam balance.
- Various small items.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Measuring mass in grams
Mass - Estimating and measuring mass in grams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure mass of various objects in grams.
- Record measurements accurately.
- Compare masses of different objects.
- Develop skills in mass measurement.

The learner is guided to:
- Measure mass of various objects using weighing machine.
- Record measurements accurately.
- Compare masses of different objects.
- Discuss the concept of mass and its measurement.

Which objects have more mass?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 161.
- Weighing machine.
- Beam balance.
- Various objects.
- Record sheets.
- Various items.

- Observation. - Practical activities. - Written exercise.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Estimating and measuring mass in grams
Mass - Relationship between kilogram and gram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Improve accuracy in estimation.
- Measure mass of variety of objects.
- Record measurements systematically.
- Appreciate importance of estimation.

The learner is guided to:
- Estimate mass of more objects.
- Measure actual mass using weighing machine.
- Record and compare results.
- Discuss ways to improve estimation.

How can we improve our estimation skills?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 162.
- Weighing machine.
- Variety of objects.
- Record sheets.
- 1kg stone.
- Sand.
- Packets for sand.
- Beam balance.

- Observation. - Practical activities. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Converting kilograms to grams
Mass - Converting grams to kilograms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert kilograms to grams.
- Convert combined measures of kilograms and grams to grams.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.
- Appreciate conversion of units.

The learner is guided to:
- Convert simple measurements in kilograms to grams.
- Convert combined measurements (e.g., 5 kg 175 g) to grams.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.
- Complete conversion tables.

Why do we convert between kilograms and grams?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 163.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 164.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Addition of grams and kilograms
Mass - Subtraction of grams and kilograms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add grams and kilograms without conversion.
- Add grams and kilograms with conversion.
- Solve word problems involving addition.
- Show interest in addition of units of mass.

The learner is guided to:
- Set up addition of masses in vertical form.
- Add grams first, then add kilograms.
- Regroup where necessary when adding grams.
- Solve word problems involving addition of masses.

How do we add grams and kilograms?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 165.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Place value charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 170.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Mass - Multiplication of grams and kilograms by whole numbers
Mass - Division of grams and kilograms by whole numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply grams and kilograms by whole numbers.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication.
- Apply multiplication skills to real-life situations.
- Show interest in multiplication of units of mass.

The learner is guided to:
- Multiply grams first, then multiply kilograms.
- Regroup product of grams where necessary.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication of masses.
- Share solutions with peers.

How do we multiply grams and kilograms by whole numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 173.
- Multiplication charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 175.
- Division charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENT

Time - Identifying the second as a unit of measuring time
Time - Relationship between minute and second

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the second as a unit of measuring time.
- Observe the second hand on a clock.
- Perform activities that take 1 second and 10 seconds.
- Appreciate second as a unit of time.

The learner is guided to:
- Observe a wall clock and identify the hands.
- Compare movement of the hands and identify the second hand.
- Clap hands to match with the movement of the second hand.
- Carry out activities for specific number of seconds.

What is a second?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 178.
- Wall clocks.
- Stopwatches.
- Digital clocks.
- Conversion charts.

- Observation. - Oral questions. - Practical activities.

MEASUREMENT

Time - Converting minutes to seconds
Time - Converting seconds to minutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert minutes to seconds.
- Convert combined measures of minutes and seconds to seconds.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.
- Appreciate conversion of units of time.

The learner is guided to:
- Convert simple measurements in minutes to seconds.
- Multiply by 60 to convert minutes to seconds.
- Convert combined measurements to seconds.
- Solve word problems involving conversion.

How do we convert minutes to seconds?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 179.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 180.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Time - Addition of minutes and seconds with conversion
Time - Subtraction of minutes and seconds with conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add minutes and seconds with regrouping.
- Apply knowledge of conversion in addition.
- Solve word problems involving addition.
- Show interest in addition of units of time.

The learner is guided to:
- Set up addition of time in vertical form.
- Add seconds first, then add minutes.
- Regroup when sum of seconds is 60 or more.
- Solve word problems involving addition of time.

How do we add minutes and seconds?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 182.
- Conversion charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Place value charts.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 184.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Group work.

MEASUREMENT

Time - Multiplication of minutes and seconds by whole numbers
Time - Division of minutes and seconds by whole numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply minutes and seconds by whole numbers.
- Apply regrouping where necessary.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication.
- Show interest in multiplication of units of time.

The learner is guided to:
- Multiply seconds first, then multiply minutes.
- Regroup product of seconds when 60 or more.
- Solve word problems involving multiplication of time.
- Share solutions with peers.

How do we multiply minutes and seconds by whole numbers?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 186.
- Multiplication charts.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 187.
- Division charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Peer assessment.

GEOMETRY

Lines - Identifying and drawing horizontal and vertical lines
Lines - Identifying and drawing perpendicular lines
Lines - Identifying and drawing parallel lines
Lines - Uses of various types of lines in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify horizontal lines in the environment
- Draw horizontal lines using different objects
- Identify vertical lines in the environment
- Draw vertical lines using different objects
- Appreciate use of horizontal and vertical lines in real life

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Run their hands along horizontal edges of classroom objects like tables, desks, chalkboards
- Discuss and share findings with other groups
- Place rulers on paper and draw horizontal lines from left to right
- Use other objects with straight edges to draw horizontal lines
- Run their hands along the legs of tables and corners of walls to identify vertical lines
- Draw vertical lines running from top to bottom using rulers and other objects
- Identify horizontal and vertical lines in their environment

Where do we find horizontal and vertical lines in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 198
- Rulers
- Straight edges
- Chalk board
- Charts with different lines
- Classroom objects
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 202
- Right angle corners
- Edges of books
- Paper for folding
- Charts with perpendicular lines
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 205
- Charts with parallel lines
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 207
- Charts with different types of lines
- Pictures of objects showing different types of lines

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

GEOMETRY

Angles - Relating a turn to angles
Angles - Reading a protractor
Angles - Using a protractor to measure angles
Angles - Identifying the degree as a unit of measuring angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate a turn to an angle
- Make different turns to form different angles
- Identify angles in different objects
- Appreciate use of angles in day-to-day life

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Make clockwise complete, half and quarter turns
- Discuss the relationship between turns and angles
- Identify that the amount of turn made is an angle
- Form angles by opening and closing doors, windows, scissors, and books
- Make angles by moving hands and legs
- Mark angles in different shapes and objects
- Identify angles in classroom and everyday objects

How is a turn related to an angle?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 208
- Clock face
- Pictures showing angles
- Scissors
- Books
- Doors and windows
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 212
- Protractors
- Chart showing how to read a protractor
- Pictures with angles
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 213
- Charts with different angles
- Papers with drawn angles
- Rulers
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 210
- Unit angle cut-outs
- Half circular cut-outs
- Paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

GEOMETRY

Angles - Measuring angles in degrees
Angles - Uses of angles in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure different angles in degrees
- Draw half a circle and divide it into equal parts
- Appreciate accuracy in measuring angles

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Draw half a circle of radius 6 cm
- Divide the half circle into 18 equal parts (each part is 10°)
- Label the divisions on the half circle
- Cut out half of the half circle
- Use the half circle to measure different angles
- Compare measurements using half circle and protractor
- Discuss the importance of accurate measurements

How accurate is measuring angles using different tools?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 212
- Protractors
- Compasses
- Scissors
- Paper
- Rulers
- Charts with different angles
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 209
- Clock face
- Pictures of buildings, bridges, furniture
- Charts showing angles in real-life objects
- Video on angles in environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

GEOMETRY

3-D Objects - Describing 3-D objects in the environment (Part 1)
3-D Objects - Describing 3-D objects in the environment (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different 3-D objects in the environment
- Describe the surfaces of different objects
- Appreciate the presence of 3-D objects in our environment

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Collect different objects such as milk packets, boxes, straws, small pipes, oranges, balls, cubes, marbles, tins
- Study the surface of each object
- Discuss the name used to describe the shape of each surface
- Trace and name the shapes drawn from different objects
- Identify surfaces as rectangular, square, circular or triangular
- Observe that surfaces are either straight or round
- Share findings with other groups

What 3-D objects do we see in our surroundings?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 218
- Various 3-D objects
- Charts with different 3-D objects
- Paper for tracing
- Pencils
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 220
- Cuboid models
- Charts showing parts of a cuboid
- Objects in cuboid shape
- Rulers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

GEOMETRY

3-D Objects - Describing 3-D objects in the environment (Part 3)
3-D Objects - Describing 2-D shapes in 3-D objects (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cubes in the environment
- Describe the features of cubes
- Appreciate the use of cubes in everyday life

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Obtain a cube and examine it
- Count the number of edges, faces, and corners in a cube
- Measure the edges of a cube and observe they are equal
- Identify that all faces of a cube are equal
- Determine how many faces meet to form a corner
- Identify objects in the environment shaped like a cube
- Compare cubes with cuboids
- Share findings with other groups

What is special about a cube compared to other 3-D objects?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 222
- Cube models
- Charts showing parts of a cube
- Objects in cube shape
- Rulers
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 223
- Cylinder models
- Tin cans
- Pipes
- Charts showing cylinders
- Objects in cylindrical shape

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

GEOMETRY

3-D Objects - Describing 2-D shapes in 3-D objects (Part 2)
3-D Objects - Describing 2-D shapes in 3-D objects (Part 3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify pyramids and their features
- Describe 2-D shapes found in pyramids
- Appreciate use of pyramids in everyday life

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Obtain a packet of milk in pyramid shape
- Identify the shapes of faces in the pyramid
- Count the number of edges, faces, and corners
- Recognize different types of pyramids (triangular base, square base, rectangular base)
- Compare features of different pyramids
- Complete a table showing number of faces, corners, and edges for different pyramids
- Identify uses of pyramids
- Share findings with other groups

How many faces, edges, and corners do different pyramids have?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 223
- Pyramid models
- Milk packets in pyramid shape
- Charts showing different pyramids
- Paper for making pyramid models
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 224
- Balls
- Oranges
- Marbles
- Charts showing spheres
- Objects in spherical shape

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

DATA HANDLING

Data Representation - Collecting data of about 30 items
Data Representation - Drawing a table to record data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify tools used in data collection
- Collect data related to real-life experiences
- Appreciate importance of data collection in decision making

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Identify tools required for data collection (notebooks, writing materials, measuring instruments, recording charts)
- Prepare charts for recording information
- Collect data on different topics like favorite fruits, colors, games
- Write information on pieces of paper
- Group the papers according to responses
- Discuss the importance of proper data collection
- Share findings with other groups

Why is data collection important in our daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 225
- Notebooks
- Pencils/pens
- Recording charts
- Measuring instruments
- Pieces of paper
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 227
- Chart papers
- Rulers
- Collected data
- Sample tables

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion

DATA HANDLING

Data Representation - Drawing tally marks of collected data
Data Representation - Preparing a frequency table
Data Representation - Interpreting data represented by frequency tables (Part 1)
Data Representation - Interpreting data represented by frequency tables (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw tally marks to represent data
- Group data according to categories
- Appreciate use of tally marks in data representation

In groups or in pairs learners are guided to:
- Write their favorite color on pieces of paper
- Collect and group the papers according to colors
- Count the number of papers for each color
- Use tally marks to represent the frequency of each color
- Complete tables using tally marks
- Discuss how tally marks help in counting and grouping data
- Share their work with other groups

Why do we use tally marks in data representation?

- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 227
- Chart papers
- Pencils/pens
- Pieces of paper
- Rulers
- Sample tally mark tables
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 228
- Collected data
- Sample frequency tables
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 229
- Chart papers with frequency tables
- Sample frequency tables with data
- KLB Mathematics Learner's Book Grade 5 page 231
- Matchboxes or similar objects
- Manila paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercise - Group discussion