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SCHEME OF WORK
History
Form 4 2026
TERM I
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
International relations
Introduction to International Relations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss how nations relate with each other
Define international relations
Explain the importance of international cooperation
Identify factors affecting international relations
Definition and explanation of international relations
Discussion on global interdependence
Case study analysis of bilateral relations
Q&A on cooperation benefits
Charts on global cooperation
World maps
Case study materials
Textbooks
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 30-31
2 2
International relations
Formation of International Organizations
The United Nations - Formation and Principles
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the types of international organization
Discuss the reasons for formation of UN
Describe the background to UN formation
Analyze the need for global governance
Study of different types of organizations
Discussion on UN formation background
Analysis of post-WWII challenges
Timeline of international organization development
Organization charts
Formation timeline
Post-war documentation
Global governance diagrams
Conference documentation
UN Charter excerpts
Principles charts
Comparison materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 30-32
2 3
International relations
UN Organs - General Assembly
UN Organs - Security Council and Others
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the UN organs
Explain the composition of General Assembly
Describe functions of General Assembly
Analyze decision-making processes
Detailed study of UN structure
Analysis of General Assembly functions
Discussion on voting procedures
Role-play of GA sessions
UN structure diagrams
Assembly function charts
Voting procedure materials
Role-play cards
Security Council charts
Veto power examples
Organ function diagrams
Effectiveness analysis materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 32-34
2 4
International relations
UN Organs - International Court of Justice
Specialized Agencies - ILO, FAO, UNESCO
Specialized Agencies - WHO, World Bank, IMF
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the international court of justice
Describe the composition and jurisdiction
Analyze the role in dispute settlement
Evaluate the effectiveness of ICJ
Study of ICJ structure and functions
Analysis of major cases
Discussion on international law
Case study of dispute resolution
ICJ structure charts
Case study materials
International law examples
Dispute resolution records
Agency function charts
Development impact data
Presentation materials
Case study examples
WHO program data
World Bank project examples
IMF policy documents
Health initiative records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 34-35
3 1
International relations
Performance of the UN - Achievements
Performance of the UN - Decolonization and Human Rights
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the achievement of the UN
Explain peacekeeping operations
Describe humanitarian assistance
Analyze development programs
Case study of successful operations
Analysis of peacekeeping missions
Discussion on humanitarian work
Research on development projects
Peacekeeping mission data
Humanitarian reports
Development project records
Success story examples
Decolonization timeline
Human rights documents
Gender equality data
Democracy reports
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 38-39
3 2
International relations
Challenges of the UN - Structural and Financial
Challenges of the UN - Contemporary Issues
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the challenges of the UN
Explain structural weaknesses
Describe financial constraints
Analyze sovereignty versus intervention
Analysis of UN structural problems
Discussion on funding challenges
Debate on sovereignty issues
Case study of intervention dilemmas
Structural analysis charts
Financial constraint data
Sovereignty debate materials
Intervention case studies
Security threat reports
Climate change data
Reform proposal documents
Effectiveness analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 39-40
3 3
International relations
The Commonwealth - Formation and Membership
The Commonwealth - Principles and Structure
Functions of the Commonwealth
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the formation of the commonwealth
Explain the evolution from British Empire
Describe membership criteria
Analyze the Statute of Westminster
Study of Commonwealth evolution
Analysis of membership requirements
Discussion on voluntary association
Timeline of Commonwealth development
Evolution timeline
Membership criteria charts
Association documents
Development records
Principles documentation
Structure diagrams
Equality examples
Function charts
Function analysis charts
Assistance program data
Trade statistics
Educational exchange records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 40-42
3 4
International relations
Challenges facing the Commonwealth
The Cold War - Origins and Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges facing the commonwealth
Describe economic disparities
Identify political differences
Analyze declining relevance issues
Discussion on Commonwealth challenges
Analysis of economic disparities
Debate on political differences
Research on relevance issues
Challenge analysis materials
Economic disparity data
Political difference examples
Relevance studies
Origin analysis charts
Ideology comparison materials
Tension timeline
Rivalry documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 45-46
4 1
International relations
The Cold War - Iron Curtain and Early Conflicts
Course of the Cold War - European Division
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the Iron Curtain policy
Describe the Truman Doctrine
Analyze the Marshall Plan
Evaluate early Cold War developments
Study of Iron Curtain concept
Analysis of Truman Doctrine
Discussion on Marshall Plan impact
Timeline of early Cold War events
Iron Curtain maps
Doctrine documents
Marshall Plan data
Event timeline
Division maps
Alliance formation charts
Military bloc diagrams
Berlin Crisis documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 48-50
4 2
International relations
Course of the Cold War - Global Conflicts
Easing the Cold War - Détente
End of Cold War - Factors and Consequences
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Cold War conflicts worldwide
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis
Analyze proxy wars in developing countries
Evaluate superpower competition
Study of global Cold War conflicts
Detailed analysis of Cuban Missile Crisis
Discussion on proxy wars
Research on space race competition
Global conflict maps
Cuban Crisis documentation
Proxy war examples
Space race timeline
Détente policy documents
Arms control treaties
Relation improvement data
Coexistence timeline
Ending factors charts
Reform documentation
Collapse timeline
New world order analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 52-54
4 3
International relations
Effects of the Cold War
The Non-Aligned Movement - Origins
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effects of the cold war
Describe global political changes
Analyze economic consequences
Evaluate impact on developing countries
Analysis of Cold War effects
Discussion on political realignment
Study of economic impact
Research on Third World effects
Effects analysis charts
Political change data
Economic impact studies
Third World impact records
Origin documentation
Concept analysis materials
Founder biographies
Conference records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 56-57
4 4
International relations
Reasons for the rise of the NAM
NAM Structure and Organization
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the reasons for emergence of NAM
Explain Cold War pressures
Describe decolonization impact
Analyze desire for independence
Analysis of NAM formation reasons
Discussion on Cold War pressures
Study of decolonization process
Research on independence movements
Formation reason charts
Pressure analysis data
Decolonization timeline
Independence records
Structure diagrams
Conference records
Principles documentation
Decision-making charts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 55-56
5 1
International relations
Cooperation in Africa
Cooperation in Africa
Performance of the NAM - Achievements and Challenges
Pan-Africanism - Origins and Early Development
Development of Pan-Africanism - Key Figures
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the achievements of NAM
Explain contributions to world peace
Describe challenges faced
Analyze contemporary relevance
Case study of NAM achievements
Analysis of peace contributions
Discussion on movement challenges
Debate on current relevance
Achievement records
Peace contribution data
Challenge analysis materials
Relevance studies
Origin charts
Leader biographies
Conference records
Diaspora maps
Leader comparison charts
Ideological analysis materials
Approach comparison diagrams
Activity timeline
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 57-58
5 2
Cooperation in Africa
Pan-Africanism After 1945
Achievements of Pan-Africanism
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Pan-Africanism activities after 1945
Describe the Manchester Conference
Analyze the shift to Africa
Evaluate the impact on independence movements
Study of post-1945 developments
Analysis of Manchester Conference
Discussion on continental shift
Research on independence impact
Post-1945 timeline
Conference documentation
Continental shift maps
Independence records
Achievement records
Independence timeline
Consciousness development data
Limitation analysis charts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 65-67
5 3
Cooperation in Africa
Organization of African Unity - Formation
Organization of African Unity - Structure and Objectives
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the origin and structure of OAU
Explain the Addis Ababa Conference
Describe the OAU Charter
Analyze the dissolution of rival groups
Study of OAU formation process
Analysis of founding conference
Examination of Charter provisions
Discussion on group unification
Formation documentation
Conference records
Charter excerpts
Group unification charts
Structure diagrams
Organ function charts
Objectives analysis
Decision-making flowcharts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 68-71
5 4
Cooperation in Africa
OAU Performance - Achievements and Challenges
The African Union - Formation and Objectives
African Union - Structure and Organs
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the achievements of OAU
Describe liberation support activities
Identify major challenges faced
Evaluate overall performance
Case study of OAU achievements
Analysis of liberation struggles support
Discussion on major challenges
Performance evaluation exercise
Achievement case studies
Liberation support records
Challenge analysis materials
Performance data
Formation timeline
Objectives charts
Comparison materials
Transition documentation
Structure diagrams
Organ charts
Institution profiles
Effectiveness analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 73-76
6 1
Cooperation in Africa
East African Community - Formation and Objectives
EAC - Achievements and Collapse
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the formation of East African Community
Describe the 1967 treaty
Identify EAC objectives
Analyze the organizational structure
Study of EAC formation history
Analysis of founding treaty
Discussion on community objectives
Examination of organizational setup
Formation history charts
Treaty documents
Objectives analysis
Structure diagrams
Achievement records
Collapse factor analysis
Failure reason charts
Lesson documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 81-84
6 2
Cooperation in Africa
New EAC (2001) - Revival and Expansion
ECOWAS - Formation and Objectives
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the revival of EAC in 2001
Describe new membership expansion
Identify objectives and structure
Analyze achievements and challenges
Study of EAC revival process
Analysis of membership expansion
Discussion on new objectives
Evaluation of current performance
Revival timeline
Membership expansion charts
New objectives analysis
Performance data
Formation documentation
Treaty analysis
Cooperation benefits charts
Structure diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 87-90
6 3
Cooperation in Africa
ECOWAS - Performance and Challenges
COMESA - Formation and Structure (Part 1)
COMESA - Structure and Functions (Part 2)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the performance and challenges of ECOWAS
Describe achievements in trade and security
Identify major challenges
Evaluate peacekeeping efforts
Case study of ECOWAS achievements
Analysis of trade promotion
Discussion on security challenges
Research on peacekeeping missions
Achievement case studies
Trade statistics
Security challenge data
Peacekeeping records
Structure charts
Authority function diagrams
Council role analysis
Court procedure materials
Technical committee charts
Secretariat role diagrams
Consultative process materials
Function analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 92-93
6 4
Cooperation in Africa
COMESA - Performance and Achievements
COMESA - Challenges and Future Prospects
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the achievements of COMESA
Describe trade facilitation efforts
Identify development projects
Analyze economic integration progress
Case study of COMESA achievements
Analysis of trade statistics
Research on development projects
Evaluation of integration progress
Achievement documentation
Trade facilitation data
Project records
Integration progress charts
Challenge analysis materials
Membership conflict data
Economic disparity charts
Solution proposal templates
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 96-97
7

EXAMS

8

MID_TERM BREAK

9 1
Cooperation in Africa
Regional Integration - Comparative Analysis
Continental Integration - AU and Regional Bodies
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare different African regional organizations
Analyze success factors and challenges
Evaluate lessons learned
Assess future of African integration
Comparative study of regional bodies
Analysis of success and failure factors
Discussion on best practices
Debate on integration future
Comparison charts
Success factor analysis
Best practice examples
Future projection materials
Relationship diagrams
Coordination charts
Integration challenge analysis
Unity prospect materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 93-98
9 2
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Introduction to National Philosophies
African socialism - Origin and development
Main features of African Socialism
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term National Philosophy
Explain the meaning of ideology
Identify the three national philosophies in Kenya
Analyze the importance of national philosophy
Discussion on the concept of national philosophy
Definition and explanation of ideology
Identification of Kenya's philosophies
Q&A on philosophy importance
Philosophy definition charts
Ideology comparison materials
Kenya's philosophy timeline
Textbooks
Sessional Paper documents
Tom Mboya biography
African traditions charts
Political democracy materials
Feature comparison charts
Ownership type diagrams
Planning framework materials
Kenyanization documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 99-100
9 3
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Significance of African Socialism
Harambee Philosophy - Origin and development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of African socialism to Kenya
Describe impact on individual rights
Analyze effects on economic development
Evaluate contributions to political democracy
Case study analysis of socialism impact
Discussion on constitutional provisions
Research on economic effects
Evaluation of democratic development
Impact assessment materials
Constitutional excerpts
Economic development data
Democratic progress charts
Harambee origin charts
Kenyatta biography
Self-reliance materials
Principles documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 101
9 4
National Philosophies (Kenya)
The Role of Harambee in Development
Nyayo Philosophy - Origin and development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of Harambee in national development
Describe contributions to education
Identify health sector achievements
Analyze challenges facing Harambee
Case study of Harambee projects
Analysis of educational contributions
Research on health facilities
Discussion on Harambee challenges
Project case studies
Educational achievement data
Health facility records
Challenge analysis materials
Nyayo origin documentation
Moi biography materials
Philosophy source charts
Three pillars diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 103-104
10 1
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Impact of National Philosophies and Assessment
Political developments from 1963-1991 - Early Years
Political developments - Constitutional Changes and Regional System
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the impact of National Philosophies
Explain political, social and economic effects
Analyze challenges facing national philosophies
Evaluate the overall contribution to Kenya's development
Comprehensive review of all philosophies
Analysis of combined impacts
Discussion on modern relevance
Evaluation of philosophy effectiveness
Impact assessment charts
Combined effects analysis
Modern relevance studies
Effectiveness evaluation materials
Independence timeline
KANU formation charts
Political challenge analysis
Early government structure
Majimbo constitution documents
Constitutional change charts
Conference records
Regionalism analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 108-109
10 2
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Political assassinations between 1965-1990
Single Party Era and 1982 Coup Attempt
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss political assassinations between 1965-1990
Explain the circumstances of Tom Mboya's death
Describe J.M. Kariuki's assassination
Analyze the impact on political stability
Case study of political assassinations
Analysis of assassination circumstances
Discussion on political tensions
Research on stability impact
Assassination case studies
Political tension analysis
Stability impact charts
Historical documentation
Single party timeline
Coup attempt documentation
Queue voting materials
Election analysis charts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 113-115
10 3
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Return to Multiparty Democracy
Recent Political Developments (1997-2017)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain challenges of multiparty democracy
Describe the repeal of Section 2A
Analyze factors leading to multipartyism
Evaluate the 1992 elections
Study of multiparty return
Analysis of Section 2A repeal
Discussion on democratization factors
Research on 1992 election outcomes
Multiparty timeline
Section 2A documents
Democratization factors
Election results analysis
Recent election timeline
Crisis documentation
Constitutional reform charts
BBI process materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 117-119
10 4
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
The role of Political parties in government and nation building
Economic developments and challenges - Land policies
Economic developments and challenges - Land ownership and reforms
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of political parties in government and nation building
Describe functions of ruling parties
Identify roles of opposition parties
Analyze challenges facing political parties
Study of political party roles
Analysis of government formation
Discussion on opposition functions
Research on party challenges
Political party function charts
Government formation diagrams
Opposition role analysis
Challenge assessment materials
Land policy documents
Settlement scheme maps
Adjudication process charts
Cooperative records
Land ownership charts
Challenge analysis materials
NLC function diagrams
Reform impact studies
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 119-120
11 1
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Developments in industry - Industrial policies and institutions
Challenges in Industrial Development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of industry in national development
Describe establishment of Kenya Industrial Estates
Analyze credit facility provision
Evaluate industrialization strategies
Study of industrial development
Analysis of KIE establishment
Discussion on credit facilities
Research on industrialization progress
Industrial development charts
KIE documentation
Credit facility records
Strategy analysis materials
Challenge analysis charts
Infrastructure assessment
Market constraint studies
Development program materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 124-125
11 2
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Social developments and challenges - Education expansion
Challenges in provision of education
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the development in education since independence
Describe education commissions and reforms
Analyze the 8-4-4 system introduction
Evaluate free primary and secondary education
Study of education expansion
Analysis of education commissions
Discussion on curriculum changes
Research on free education impact
Education expansion timeline
Commission reports
Curriculum change charts
Free education statistics
Challenge assessment materials
Dropout statistics
Resource constraint data
Quality improvement studies
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 127-129
11 3
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Social development and challenges - Health services expansion
Challenges facing health care provision
Culture and sports development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain measures undertaken by government to improve health care services
Describe establishment of health facilities
Analyze referral hospital system
Evaluate health sector achievements
Study of health service expansion
Analysis of facility establishment
Discussion on referral systems
Research on health achievements
Health expansion timeline
Facility establishment records
Referral system charts
Achievement documentation
Healthcare challenge charts
Resource constraint analysis
Disease burden statistics
Accessibility studies
Cultural development timeline
Institution establishment records
Sports achievement charts
Government support analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 130-131
11 4
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Social, economic and political developments and challenges in Africa since independence
Challenges in culture and sports
Democratic Republic of Congo - Political situation at independence and Congo Crisis
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges Kenya faces in culture and sports
Describe funding limitations
Analyze infrastructure needs
Evaluate preservation of cultural heritage
Analysis of cultural challenges
Discussion on funding constraints
Study of infrastructure gaps
Research on heritage preservation
Challenge analysis materials
Funding constraint data
Infrastructure assessment
Heritage preservation studies
Independence timeline
Congo Crisis documentation
Army mutiny records
Katanga secession maps
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 134
12 1
Social, economic and political developments and challenges in Africa since independence
DRC - Lumumba assassination and Coalition Government
The contributions of Mobutu to the history of the DRC
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Explain the formation of coalition government
Analyze political fragmentation
Evaluate UN intervention
Study of Lumumba's assassination
Analysis of coalition formation
Discussion on political divisions
Research on UN peacekeeping role
Assassination documentation
Coalition government charts
Political fragmentation maps
UN intervention records
Mobutu biography materials
Authoritarian rule charts
Policy analysis documents
Downfall timeline
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 137-138
12 2
Social, economic and political developments and challenges in Africa since independence
The economic development in DRC between 1960-1994
Social development in DRC since independence
Tanzania - Political developments from independence to 1985
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the economic development in DRC between 1960-1994
Describe mining industry development
Analyze infrastructure projects
Evaluate economic decline under Mobutu
Study of DRC's economic policies
Analysis of mining sector
Discussion on infrastructure development
Research on economic decline factors
Economic development charts
Mining industry data
Infrastructure project records
Economic decline analysis
Social development timeline
Cultural revival documentation
Education expansion records
Social service analysis
Independence timeline
Union formation charts
Arusha Declaration documents
One-party system analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 141-142
12 3
Social, economic and political developments and challenges in Africa since independence
The contributions of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere to Tanzania
Tanzania - Transition to multiparty democracy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define Ujamaa and analyze the contribution of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere to the History of Tanzania
Explain his philosophy of socialism
Describe his leadership style
Evaluate his legacy
Study of Nyerere's political philosophy
Analysis of Ujamaa socialism
Discussion on his leadership approach
Research on his continental influence
Nyerere biography materials
Ujamaa philosophy charts
Leadership analysis documents
Legacy assessment records
Democratic transition timeline
Leadership change charts
Reform documentation
Election records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 144-146
12 4
Social, economic and political developments and challenges in Africa since independence
The economic development in Tanzania since independence
Social development in Tanzania since independence
Social, political and economic challenges in Africa since independence - Political challenges
Economic and social challenges in Africa since independence
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the economic developments in Tanzania since independence
Describe socialist economic policies
Analyze economic reforms from 1980s
Evaluate structural adjustment programs
Study of Tanzania's economic policies
Analysis of socialist experiments
Discussion on economic liberalization
Research on structural adjustments
Economic policy timeline
Socialist experiment data
Liberalization charts
Adjustment program records
Social development charts
Education/health expansion data
Ujamaa village records
Service delivery analysis
Independence promise charts
Political challenge analysis
Conflict documentation
Military coup records
Economic challenge charts
Social problem analysis
Health crisis documentation
Solution effort records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 148-149

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