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SCHEME OF WORK
History
Form 4 2026
TERM I
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

OPENING AND REVISION OF END YEAR EXAMS

2 1
World wars
World war 1 (1914-1918) - Background and Alliance System
Arms Race and Moroccan Crises
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the causes of world war 1
Explain the alliance system before 1914
Analyze the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
Evaluate how alliances contributed to war
Definition and explanation of alliances
Map work showing European alliances
Discussion on alliance benefits and dangers
Q&A on pre-war tensions
Maps of Europe 1914
Alliance diagrams
Textbooks
Charts
Statistical charts
Crisis timeline
Military comparison data
Maps of Morocco
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 2-4
2 2
World wars
Balkan Nationalism and Sarajevo Incident
Course of World War 1 - Western Front
Course of World War 1 - Eastern Front and Global War
End of World War 1 - Allied Victory
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain nationalism in the Balkans
Narrate the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Analyze Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia
Describe the chain of war declarations
Discussion on Balkan nationalism
Detailed account of June 28, 1914
Analysis of Austrian demands
Timeline of war declarations
Maps of Balkans
Assassination photographs
Ultimatum documents
War declaration timeline
Schlieffen Plan maps
Trench diagrams
Battle photographs
Casualty statistics
Eastern Front maps
Revolution timeline
Global war maps
Colonial participation data
Resource comparison charts
American contribution data
Victory timeline
Statistical materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 5-7
2 3
World wars
The peace settlement - Treaty of Versailles
Results of World War 1 - Political and Economic Impact
The league of Nations - Formation and Structure
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principles of the peace settlement
Describe the main terms of Versailles Treaty
Explain the role of the "Big Four"
Analyze territorial and military provisions
Study of peace conference proceedings
Analysis of treaty terms
Map work showing territorial changes
Discussion on treaty harshness
Peace conference photos
Treaty documents
Before/after maps
Territorial change charts
Comparative maps
Economic statistics
Empire collapse charts
New nations data
League Covenant
Organizational charts
Membership lists
Collective security diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 13-16
2 4
World wars
Performance of the League of Nations - Achievements
Performance of the League of Nations - Failures
World War II (1939-1945) - Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the achievements of the league
Describe successful interventions
Identify humanitarian work
Evaluate economic and social contributions
Case study analysis of successes
Research on humanitarian activities
Discussion on social achievements
Presentation preparation
Success case studies
Humanitarian reports
Social achievement records
Presentation materials
Failure case studies
Crisis documentation
Structural analysis charts
Debate materials
Treaty impact charts
Dictator biographies
Depression statistics
Causation diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 20-23
2 5
World wars
Course of World War II - Outbreak and Early Campaigns
Course of World War II - Global Expansion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the outbreak of World War II
Explain the invasion of Poland
Describe early German successes
Analyze Blitzkrieg tactics
Chronological study of war outbreak
Analysis of Blitzkrieg strategy
Map work on early campaigns
Discussion on appeasement failure
War outbreak timeline
Blitzkrieg diagrams
Campaign maps
Strategy analysis charts
Eastern Front maps
Pearl Harbor documentation
Pacific theater maps
Global warfare charts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 25-28
3 1
World wars
Course of World War II - Allied Victory
Results of World War II - Political Changes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the defeat of Italy and Germany
Explain major Allied campaigns
Describe D-Day and liberation of Europe
Analyze the end of war in Pacific
Study of major Allied offensives
Analysis of D-Day operation
Discussion on atomic bomb decision
Timeline of final campaigns
Allied campaign maps
D-Day documentation
Atomic bomb data
Victory timeline
Political change charts
Superpower comparison
Post-war maps
Decolonization timeline
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 26-28
3 2
World wars
International relations
Results of World War II - Economic, Social and Formation of UN
Introduction to International Relations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe economic and social results
Explain technological advances
Analyze formation of United Nations
Compare UN with League of Nations
Analysis of war's economic impact
Study of technological innovations
Research on UN formation
Comparison with League of Nations
Economic impact data
Technology timelines
UN formation documents
Comparison charts
Charts on global cooperation
World maps
Case study materials
Textbooks
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 28-29
3 3
International relations
Formation of International Organizations
The United Nations - Formation and Principles
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the types of international organization
Discuss the reasons for formation of UN
Describe the background to UN formation
Analyze the need for global governance
Study of different types of organizations
Discussion on UN formation background
Analysis of post-WWII challenges
Timeline of international organization development
Organization charts
Formation timeline
Post-war documentation
Global governance diagrams
Conference documentation
UN Charter excerpts
Principles charts
Comparison materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 30-32
3 4
International relations
UN Organs - General Assembly
UN Organs - Security Council and Others
UN Organs - International Court of Justice
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the UN organs
Explain the composition of General Assembly
Describe functions of General Assembly
Analyze decision-making processes
Detailed study of UN structure
Analysis of General Assembly functions
Discussion on voting procedures
Role-play of GA sessions
UN structure diagrams
Assembly function charts
Voting procedure materials
Role-play cards
Security Council charts
Veto power examples
Organ function diagrams
Effectiveness analysis materials
ICJ structure charts
Case study materials
International law examples
Dispute resolution records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 32-34
3 5
International relations
Specialized Agencies - ILO, FAO, UNESCO
Specialized Agencies - WHO, World Bank, IMF
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the specialized agencies of the UN
Explain the functions of ILO
Describe the work of FAO and UNESCO
Analyze their impact on global development
Research on specialized agencies
Presentation on agency functions
Discussion on development impact
Case study analysis
Agency function charts
Development impact data
Presentation materials
Case study examples
WHO program data
World Bank project examples
IMF policy documents
Health initiative records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 35-38
4 1
International relations
Performance of the UN - Achievements
Performance of the UN - Decolonization and Human Rights
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the achievement of the UN
Explain peacekeeping operations
Describe humanitarian assistance
Analyze development programs
Case study of successful operations
Analysis of peacekeeping missions
Discussion on humanitarian work
Research on development projects
Peacekeeping mission data
Humanitarian reports
Development project records
Success story examples
Decolonization timeline
Human rights documents
Gender equality data
Democracy reports
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 38-39
4 2
International relations
Challenges of the UN - Structural and Financial
Challenges of the UN - Contemporary Issues
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the challenges of the UN
Explain structural weaknesses
Describe financial constraints
Analyze sovereignty versus intervention
Analysis of UN structural problems
Discussion on funding challenges
Debate on sovereignty issues
Case study of intervention dilemmas
Structural analysis charts
Financial constraint data
Sovereignty debate materials
Intervention case studies
Security threat reports
Climate change data
Reform proposal documents
Effectiveness analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 39-40
4 3
International relations
The Commonwealth - Formation and Membership
The Commonwealth - Principles and Structure
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the formation of the commonwealth
Explain the evolution from British Empire
Describe membership criteria
Analyze the Statute of Westminster
Study of Commonwealth evolution
Analysis of membership requirements
Discussion on voluntary association
Timeline of Commonwealth development
Evolution timeline
Membership criteria charts
Association documents
Development records
Principles documentation
Structure diagrams
Equality examples
Function charts
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 40-42
4 4
International relations
Functions of the Commonwealth
Challenges facing the Commonwealth
The Cold War - Origins and Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the functions of the commonwealth
Describe financial and technical assistance
Identify trade promotion activities
Analyze educational and cultural cooperation
Research on Commonwealth functions
Analysis of assistance programs
Discussion on trade benefits
Study of educational exchanges
Function analysis charts
Assistance program data
Trade statistics
Educational exchange records
Challenge analysis materials
Economic disparity data
Political difference examples
Relevance studies
Origin analysis charts
Ideology comparison materials
Tension timeline
Rivalry documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 44-45
4 5
International relations
The Cold War - Iron Curtain and Early Conflicts
Course of the Cold War - European Division
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the Iron Curtain policy
Describe the Truman Doctrine
Analyze the Marshall Plan
Evaluate early Cold War developments
Study of Iron Curtain concept
Analysis of Truman Doctrine
Discussion on Marshall Plan impact
Timeline of early Cold War events
Iron Curtain maps
Doctrine documents
Marshall Plan data
Event timeline
Division maps
Alliance formation charts
Military bloc diagrams
Berlin Crisis documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 48-50
5 1
International relations
Course of the Cold War - Global Conflicts
Easing the Cold War - Détente
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Cold War conflicts worldwide
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis
Analyze proxy wars in developing countries
Evaluate superpower competition
Study of global Cold War conflicts
Detailed analysis of Cuban Missile Crisis
Discussion on proxy wars
Research on space race competition
Global conflict maps
Cuban Crisis documentation
Proxy war examples
Space race timeline
Détente policy documents
Arms control treaties
Relation improvement data
Coexistence timeline
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 52-54
5 2
International relations
End of Cold War - Factors and Consequences
Effects of the Cold War
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that led to end of Cold War
Describe Gorbachev's reforms
Analyze the collapse of Soviet Union
Evaluate the emergence of new world order
Study of Cold War ending factors
Analysis of Soviet reforms
Discussion on USSR collapse
Research on post-Cold War world
Ending factors charts
Reform documentation
Collapse timeline
New world order analysis
Effects analysis charts
Political change data
Economic impact studies
Third World impact records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 54-56
5 3
International relations
The Non-Aligned Movement - Origins
Reasons for the rise of the NAM
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the origin of the Pan-Africanism
Explain the meaning of Non-Aligned Movement
Identify founder members
Describe the Bandung Conference
Study of NAM origins
Analysis of non-alignment concept
Research on founding leaders
Discussion on Bandung Conference
Origin documentation
Concept analysis materials
Founder biographies
Conference records
Formation reason charts
Pressure analysis data
Decolonization timeline
Independence records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 54-55
5 4
International relations
NAM Structure and Organization
Performance of the NAM - Achievements and Challenges
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the structure of NAM
Describe summit conferences
Identify key principles
Analyze decision-making processes
Study of NAM organizational structure
Analysis of summit conferences
Discussion on guiding principles
Examination of consensus building
Structure diagrams
Conference records
Principles documentation
Decision-making charts
Achievement records
Peace contribution data
Challenge analysis materials
Relevance studies
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 56-57
5 5
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Introduction to National Philosophies
African socialism - Origin and development
Main features of African Socialism
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term National Philosophy
Explain the meaning of ideology
Identify the three national philosophies in Kenya
Analyze the importance of national philosophy
Discussion on the concept of national philosophy
Definition and explanation of ideology
Identification of Kenya's philosophies
Q&A on philosophy importance
Philosophy definition charts
Ideology comparison materials
Kenya's philosophy timeline
Textbooks
Sessional Paper documents
Tom Mboya biography
African traditions charts
Political democracy materials
Feature comparison charts
Ownership type diagrams
Planning framework materials
Kenyanization documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 99-100
6 1
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Significance of African Socialism
Harambee Philosophy - Origin and development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of African socialism to Kenya
Describe impact on individual rights
Analyze effects on economic development
Evaluate contributions to political democracy
Case study analysis of socialism impact
Discussion on constitutional provisions
Research on economic effects
Evaluation of democratic development
Impact assessment materials
Constitutional excerpts
Economic development data
Democratic progress charts
Harambee origin charts
Kenyatta biography
Self-reliance materials
Principles documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 101
6 2
National Philosophies (Kenya)
The Role of Harambee in Development
Nyayo Philosophy - Origin and development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of Harambee in national development
Describe contributions to education
Identify health sector achievements
Analyze challenges facing Harambee
Case study of Harambee projects
Analysis of educational contributions
Research on health facilities
Discussion on Harambee challenges
Project case studies
Educational achievement data
Health facility records
Challenge analysis materials
Nyayo origin documentation
Moi biography materials
Philosophy source charts
Three pillars diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 103-104
6 3
National Philosophies (Kenya)
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Impact of National Philosophies and Assessment
Political developments from 1963-1991 - Early Years
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the impact of National Philosophies
Explain political, social and economic effects
Analyze challenges facing national philosophies
Evaluate the overall contribution to Kenya's development
Comprehensive review of all philosophies
Analysis of combined impacts
Discussion on modern relevance
Evaluation of philosophy effectiveness
Impact assessment charts
Combined effects analysis
Modern relevance studies
Effectiveness evaluation materials
Independence timeline
KANU formation charts
Political challenge analysis
Early government structure
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 108-109
6 4
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Political developments - Constitutional Changes and Regional System
Political assassinations between 1965-1990
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the Majimbo constitution
Explain the transition to Republican status
Analyze the Limuru Conference of 1966
Evaluate the end of regionalism
Study of Majimbo system
Analysis of constitutional changes
Discussion on Limuru Conference
Research on regionalism abolition
Majimbo constitution documents
Constitutional change charts
Conference records
Regionalism analysis
Assassination case studies
Political tension analysis
Stability impact charts
Historical documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 111-113
6 5
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Single Party Era and 1982 Coup Attempt
Return to Multiparty Democracy
Recent Political Developments (1997-2017)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the status of multiparty politics after independence
Describe the 1982 coup attempt
Analyze the introduction of queue voting
Evaluate the 1988 general elections
Study of single party development
Analysis of 1982 coup attempt
Discussion on queue voting system
Research on 1988 election controversies
Single party timeline
Coup attempt documentation
Queue voting materials
Election analysis charts
Multiparty timeline
Section 2A documents
Democratization factors
Election results analysis
Recent election timeline
Crisis documentation
Constitutional reform charts
BBI process materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 115-117
7

MID TERM EXAMS

8

MID TERM BREAK

9 1
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
The role of Political parties in government and nation building
Economic developments and challenges - Land policies
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of political parties in government and nation building
Describe functions of ruling parties
Identify roles of opposition parties
Analyze challenges facing political parties
Study of political party roles
Analysis of government formation
Discussion on opposition functions
Research on party challenges
Political party function charts
Government formation diagrams
Opposition role analysis
Challenge assessment materials
Land policy documents
Settlement scheme maps
Adjudication process charts
Cooperative records
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 119-120
9 2
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Economic developments and challenges - Land ownership and reforms
Developments in industry - Industrial policies and institutions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges of land policies
Describe types of land ownership
Analyze National Land Commission functions
Evaluate land reform impacts
Discussion on land ownership types
Analysis of land challenges
Study of NLC establishment
Research on reform effectiveness
Land ownership charts
Challenge analysis materials
NLC function diagrams
Reform impact studies
Industrial development charts
KIE documentation
Credit facility records
Strategy analysis materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 122-124
9 3
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Challenges in Industrial Development
Social developments and challenges - Education expansion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the economic challenges Kenya faces on industry
Describe infrastructure limitations
Analyze market constraints
Evaluate Vision 2030 and Big 4 Agenda
Analysis of industrial challenges
Discussion on infrastructure needs
Study of market limitations
Research on development programs
Challenge analysis charts
Infrastructure assessment
Market constraint studies
Development program materials
Education expansion timeline
Commission reports
Curriculum change charts
Free education statistics
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 125-127
9 4
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Challenges in provision of education
Social development and challenges - Health services expansion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges Kenya has faced in provision of education
Describe dropout rates and gender issues
Analyze resource constraints
Evaluate quality and access problems
Analysis of education challenges
Discussion on dropout causes
Study of resource limitations
Research on quality improvement
Challenge assessment materials
Dropout statistics
Resource constraint data
Quality improvement studies
Health expansion timeline
Facility establishment records
Referral system charts
Achievement documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 129-130
9 5
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Challenges facing health care provision
Culture and sports development
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges Kenya faces in provision of health care services
Describe resource constraints
Analyze disease burden
Evaluate healthcare accessibility
Analysis of healthcare challenges
Discussion on resource limitations
Study of disease patterns
Research on accessibility issues
Healthcare challenge charts
Resource constraint analysis
Disease burden statistics
Accessibility studies
Cultural development timeline
Institution establishment records
Sports achievement charts
Government support analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 131-133
10 1
Social, Economic and political Development and challenges in Kenya since independence
Devolved Government
Devolved Government
Challenges in culture and sports
Meaning of devolved government
Objectives and principles of devolved government
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the challenges Kenya faces in culture and sports
Describe funding limitations
Analyze infrastructure needs
Evaluate preservation of cultural heritage
Analysis of cultural challenges
Discussion on funding constraints
Study of infrastructure gaps
Research on heritage preservation
Challenge analysis materials
Funding constraint data
Infrastructure assessment
Heritage preservation studies
Devolution definition charts
Kenya county maps
Constitutional excerpts
Decentralization diagrams
Objectives analysis charts
Principles documentation
Democratic participation materials
Power separation diagrams
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 134
10 2
Devolved Government
Structure and functions of county government - County Assembly
Process of Law Making in the County
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the structure and functions of county government
Explain the composition of County Assembly
Describe the role of Speaker and MCAs
Analyze legislative functions
Study of county government structure
Analysis of Assembly composition
Discussion on MCA roles
Research on legislative processes
County structure diagrams
Assembly composition charts
MCA role documentation
Legislative process materials
Law-making flowcharts
Bill procedure materials
Committee function charts
Governor powers documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 155-156
10 3
Devolved Government
County Executive Committee
Relationship between national and county government
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the composition of County Executive Committee
Describe the role of Governor and Deputy Governor
Analyze executive functions
Evaluate county service delivery
Study of executive structure
Analysis of governor's functions
Discussion on executive roles
Research on service delivery
Executive structure charts
Governor function diagrams
Executive role documentation
Service delivery analysis
Relationship diagrams
Cooperation framework charts
Conflict resolution procedures
Coordination materials
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 157-158
10 4
Devolved Government
Public Revenue and Expenditure in Kenya
Challenges facing county government and possible solutions
Principles of public finance and The National Budget
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the challenges facing county governments
Explain resource and capacity constraints
Describe corruption and governance issues
Analyze possible solutions and reforms
Analysis of county challenges
Discussion on resource limitations
Study of governance problems
Research on solution strategies
Challenge analysis charts
Resource constraint data
Governance issue documentation
Solution strategy materials
Public finance principle charts
Budget definition materials
Budget process diagrams
Importance analysis documents
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 159-160
10 5
Public Revenue and Expenditure in Kenya
Sources of public revenue for National Government
Sources of revenue for County Government and Expenditure types
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the sources of public revenue
Explain sources of revenue for the national government
Describe taxation systems
Analyze non-tax revenue sources
Study of revenue sources
Analysis of taxation types
Discussion on tax collection
Research on non-tax revenues
Revenue source charts
Taxation system diagrams
Tax collection materials
Non-tax revenue documentation
County revenue charts
Revenue generation materials
Expenditure type diagrams
Spending priority analysis
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 162-163
11-13

END TERM ONE EXAMS

14

CLOSING OF SCHOOL

15 1
Public Revenue and Expenditure in Kenya
Management of public finance - National and County levels
Financial oversight institutions and Revenue allocation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the management of public finance
Describe control mechanisms at national level
Analyze county financial management
Evaluate oversight institutions
Study of financial management systems
Analysis of control mechanisms
Discussion on oversight roles
Research on accountability measures
Financial management charts
Control mechanism diagrams
Oversight institution materials
Accountability frameworks
Oversight institution charts
Controller role diagrams
Revenue allocation materials
Audit function documentation
KLB Secondary History and Government Form 4, Pages 164-165

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