Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings
Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics
- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?
How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice
Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches

How can you improve your sketching skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks
Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw complex shaped blocks in cabinet projection
- Apply correct measurements and dimensions
- Show attention to detail in technical drawing

- Draw front face of shaped block with accurate dimensions
- Draw receding lines at half length for cabinet projection
- Join endpoints correctly to complete the drawing
- Include dimensions on the drawing

How are complex shaped blocks drawn in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)
- HB and 2H pencils
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice
Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication
Oblique projection - Applications and practice
Oblique projection - Assessment and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw dimensioned oblique drawings
- Apply proper line work techniques
- Show competence in using drawing instruments

- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Practice drawing various shaped blocks from given dimensions
- Include all dimensions on completed drawings
- Use correct line weight and quality
- Display completed drawings for feedback
- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How are dimensions included on oblique drawings?
How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Drawing board
- Pencils
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Peer assessment - Portfolio
- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Consolidation
Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications

- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile programming
- Explain web development
- Appreciate the importance of visual programming in daily life

- Study images showing mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications
- Discuss how applications are used to perform tasks
- Learn about mobile programming and web development

How are mobile and web applications developed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Smartphones/tablets
- Digital devices
- Examples of mobile apps
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas
Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch
Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch
Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development using visual programming
- Describe educational tools created with visual programming
- Show interest in creating applications

- Explain features of Scratch interface
- Use drag-and-drop to create simple scripts
- Appreciate visual programming interface

- Discuss game development and educational tools
- Study examples of games and educational software
- Learn about visual programming in robotics and animation
- Watch videos on application development
- Study Scratch interface components
- Click categories and explore commands
- Practice using motion and looks commands
- Change numbers in commands to observe effects on sprites

What are the application areas of visual programming?
What are the features of Scratch interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Research presentation
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game
Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make sprites move in random positions
- Make sprites change color
- Value problem-solving in programming

- Create script to move balloon randomly
- Create script to change sprite color
- Add functionality to increase score when sprite is clicked
- Test and debug the game

How can sprites be programmed to move and change?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics
- Internet access
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates

- Practical work - Observation - Problem-solving skills - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories
Visual programming - Creating music

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Flip character direction in stories
- Insert text for characters to say
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Position characters correctly using flip horizontal
- Insert conversation for each character using looks block
- Switch backdrops to show different parts of story
- Hide and show characters appropriately

How can characters interact in a Scratch story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library

- Practical work - Observation - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating own interactive story
Visual programming - Creating animations
Visual programming - Advanced animations
Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop original interactive story
- Identify appropriate blocks for story creation
- Value creativity in programming

- Create animations with multiple sprites
- Add scoring system to animations
- Appreciate complex programming

- Come up with original story
- Choose suitable backdrop and characters
- Arrange blocks logically to create story
- Run script to watch the story
- Share story with classmates
- Add multiple sprites to animation
- Create scripts for sprite interactions
- Add score variable
- Make sprites respond to each other
- Debug and improve animation

How can you create your own interactive story?
How can multiple sprites interact in animations?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Peer feedback
- Practical work - Problem-solving - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life
Visual programming - Assessment project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how visual programming helps solve problems
- Identify applications of visual programming in daily life
- Embrace the use of visual programming

- Study case scenario on using visual programming to solve problems
- Discuss how visual programming helps in daily life
- Identify ways to use visual programming skills
- Create educational games and learning tools

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Practical examples

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics
Wood - Classification and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood as softwood or hardwood
- Identify physical characteristics of different wood types
- Show interest in learning about wood

- Take a walk around school/community to identify trees
- Observe physical characteristics of each tree
- Use checklist to sort wood as softwood or hardwood
- Use print or digital media to search for types of wood

What are the types of wood available?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion
Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe methods of wood conversion
- Show interest in wood preparation processes

- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Visit a sawmill to observe wood conversion process
- Discuss the process of converting logs into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for conversion methods
- Study plain sawing and quarter sawing methods
- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method

Why are logs converted into timber?
What are the methods of wood conversion?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes - Written assignments
- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods
Wood - Types and their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Explain why wood needs to be seasoned
- Show understanding of wood preparation

- Discuss advantages of each seasoning method
- Learn how moisture is reduced in timber
- Study differences between air and kiln seasoning
- Visit relevant work environment to observe seasoning

Why is it necessary to season wood?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Comparison chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures of seasoning facilities
- Reference materials
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards

- Written tests - Oral questions - Field observation - Charts

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses in various trades
Wood - Importance in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of wood in construction, furniture making, and other trades
- Create charts matching wood to uses
- Appreciate versatility of wood

- Use print or digital media to find uses of wood in trades
- Visit locality to explore uses of wood
- Discuss wood in construction, furniture, music, sports
- Create photomontage or chart showing uses

How is wood used in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors
- Wooden items
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials

- Charts/posters - Oral presentations - Written tests - Creativity assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Review and assessment
Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment
Handling waste materials - Types of waste
Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood and explain preparation methods
- Relate wood types to their uses
- Demonstrate understanding of wood as material

- Describe plastic, wood, glass, metal, electronic and construction waste
- Explain characteristics of each waste type
- Appreciate the need for proper waste management

- Complete crossword puzzle on wood
- Review key concepts on wood
- Discuss case scenarios on wood selection
- Reflect on learning progress
- Identify waste materials in pictures (plastic, glass, metal, wood, electronic, construction)
- Discuss characteristics of each waste type
- Mention areas where each waste type is found
- Group waste materials by type

How is wood classified, prepared and used?
What are the types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Crossword completion - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment
- Oral questions - Classification activity - Written tests - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reusing waste materials
- Explain recycling waste materials
- Value waste as a resource

- Discuss examples of reusing waste (tins for storage, newspapers for wrapping)
- Discuss examples of recycling (paper to tissue, glass to bottles, iron to steel)
- Study pictures showing reused and recycled items
- Practice sorting waste for recycling

How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal
- Digital devices
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling
Handling waste materials - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Identify and classify waste materials
- Explain safe handling and disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste management

- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity
- Review key concepts on waste materials
- Complete assessment activities
- Discuss case scenarios on waste management
- Reflect on learning progress

How do you safely dispose of waste materials?
How should waste materials be handled in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance
- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Tools used in daily life
Holding tools - Selecting tools for tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify holding tools used in daily life
- Describe uses of different holding tools
- Show interest in learning about tools

- Study pictures of holding tools (pliers, clamps, tongs, clips, vice)
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify holding tools
- Draw and name holding tools
- Mention where tools are found in locality

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Actual holding tools
- Pictures of tools
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Various holding tools
- Task cards
- Selection guide
- Reference materials

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding tools - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of pliers, clamps, tongs, clips and vice
- Demonstrate understanding of tool applications
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools

- Study pictures showing people using holding tools
- Discuss uses of different holding tools
- Watch video on use of holding tools
- Fill table matching tools to uses

What are the uses of different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Matching activity materials
- Personal protective equipment
- Safety posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Practical use
Holding tools - Practical use continued
Holding tools - Caring for holding tools
Holding tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use clips to hold drawing paper
- Use pliers to hold and twist wire
- Show competence in using holding tools

- Demonstrate care and maintenance of holding tools
- Clean and store tools properly
- Appreciate the need for tool maintenance

- Practice using clips on drawing board
- Use pliers to twist wire into different shapes
- Use clamp to hold wood or metal on surface
- Perform tasks with appropriate holding tools
- Study pictures showing tool care and maintenance
- Dust off residue from tools
- Oil, grease or lubricate movable parts
- Tighten loose parts of tools

How do you use different holding tools?
How should holding tools be cared for?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Clips, pliers, clamps
- Drawing board, paper
- Wire, wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Vice, tongs, spanners
- Wood pieces, nuts and bolts
- Drill (under supervision)
- PPE
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Cleaning rags
- Oil/grease
- Storage containers
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Holding tools for demonstration
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Skills demonstration - Checklist
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Tools used in daily life
Driving tools - Selecting tools for tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in daily life
- Describe characteristics of driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

- Study pictures of driving tools (hammer, screwdriver, spanner, punch, mallet)
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify driving tools
- Discuss why they are called driving tools
- Mention where tools are found

What are driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Actual driving tools
- Pictures of tools
- Digital devices
- Tool identification chart
- Various driving tools
- Task flashcards
- Selection criteria guide
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Tool identification

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving tools - Uses continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of hammers, mallets and screwdrivers
- Describe when to use each tool
- Appreciate variety of driving tools

- Study pictures showing use of driving tools
- Discuss uses of hammers (driving nails, pulling nails)
- Discuss uses of mallets (driving wooden workpieces)
- Discuss uses of screwdrivers (loosening/tightening screws)

What are the uses of different driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Driving tools
- Pictures showing tool use
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Punches and spanners
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Table completion

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Safe use of driving tools
Driving tools - Practical use
Driving tools - Practical use continued
Driving tools - Caring for driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe use of driving tools
- Demonstrate safety practices
- Show commitment to tool safety

- Use punch to make holes
- Use screwdriver to tighten screws
- Value precision in tool use

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Discuss safety measures when using driving tools
- Create skit demonstrating safe tool use
-
- Use punch to make holes in wood or metal
- Use screwdriver to tighten loose screws
- Use spanner to tighten bolts
- Identify tasks that require driving tools

How are driving tools used?
How do you use punches, screwdrivers and spanners?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards
- Hammers, mallets
- Nails, dowels, chisels
- Wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches, screwdrivers, spanners
- Screws, bolts, nuts
- Wood and metal pieces
- PPE
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage boxes
- Maintenance guide

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis
- Practical work - Observation - Skills assessment - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of driving tools
- Complete crossword puzzle on tools
- Demonstrate understanding of driving tools

- Discuss importance of driving tools in daily life
- Complete crossword puzzle activity
- Review key concepts on driving tools
- Reflect on learning progress

Why are driving tools important in daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Driving tools

- Written tests - Crossword completion - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment