Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Introduction and application areas
Visual Programming - Application areas continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming
- Explain mobile programming
- Describe web development applications

- Discuss meaning of visual programming
- Engage resource person on application areas
- Discuss mobile programming uses
- Study web development applications

What is visual programming?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Visual aids
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 67
- Internet access
- Application examples

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Introduction to Scratch interface

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Open Scratch application
- Identify Scratch interface features
- Navigate the Scratch environment

- Open Scratch application
- Study the stage area
- Explore the coding blocks palette
- Examine the coding area

What are the main features of Scratch interface?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 68
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet connection
- Visual aids
- User guides

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Coding blocks in Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify eight groups of coding blocks
- Explain functions of Motion blocks
- Explain functions of Looks blocks

- Study Motion coding blocks
- Study Looks coding blocks
- Discuss Sound and Events blocks
- Explore Control blocks

What are the different types of coding blocks in Scratch?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 68
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Coding block charts
- Visual aids
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Sprites and backdrops
Visual Programming - Creating simple animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Delete default sprite
- Select new sprites from library
- Choose and apply backdrops

- Delete the default cat sprite
- Click 'Choose a Sprite' button
- Select appropriate sprite
- Choose suitable backdrop

How do you add sprites and backdrops in Scratch?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 69
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet connection
- Sprite examples
- Backdrop samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 70
- Sample animation scripts
- Visual aids

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Animation with looks and control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Looks blocks in animations
- Apply Control blocks for repetition
- Create complete animation sequence

- Add Looks blocks for appearance changes
- Use forever loop for repetition
- Combine Motion and Looks blocks
- Run and test animation

How do Control blocks affect animations?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 71
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Sample scripts
- Visual aids
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Saving and running projects
Visual Programming - Interactive stories introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Run projects using green flag
- Stop projects using red button
- Save projects to computer

- Click green flag to run code
- Click red stop button
- Save project using File menu
- Name and store projects

How do you save a Scratch project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 71
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Storage devices
- Visual aids
- Saved project examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 72
- Internet for video
- Story examples

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create multi-scene stories
- Add dialogue to sprites
- Sequence story elements

- Select sprites for story characters
- Add appropriate backdrops
- Enter dialogue text
- Set sequence of story events

How do you create an interactive story with multiple scenes?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 73
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Story planning sheets
- Visual aids
- Sample stories

- Practical assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Adding sound effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Sound coding blocks
- Add sound effects to projects
- Synchronize sounds with actions

- Click on Sound blocks group
- Select appropriate sound effects
- Add sounds to story or animation
- Test sound synchronization

How do you add sound to a Scratch project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 74
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Headphones/speakers
- Sound block examples
- Visual aids

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Game development introduction
Visual Programming - Creating quiz games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development in Scratch
- Understand variables in games
- Create simple game variables

- Watch video on game development
- Discuss procedure for creating games
- Learn about variables
- Create variables for scoring

What are variables used for in games?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 75
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet for video
- Game examples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 76
- Quiz question lists
- Sample quiz games

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Completing quiz games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add multiple questions to quiz
- Test game functionality
- Debug simple errors

- Add 5-10 quiz questions
- Test correct and incorrect answers
- Check scoring system works
- Make necessary adjustments

How do you test a quiz game for errors?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 77
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Complete quiz examples
- Testing checklists
- Visual aids

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Benefits and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain benefits of visual programming
- Describe how it enhances learning
- Appreciate its applications

- Discuss enhancement of critical thinking
- Study ease of learning programming
- Examine user-friendly features
- Share personal experiences

Why is visual programming easier than traditional programming?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 80
- Digital devices
- Comparison charts
- Visual aids
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Physical characteristics of trees
Wood - Physical characteristics of timber

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term wood
- Identify characteristics of softwood trees
- Appreciate the diversity of wood types

- Use print or digital media to search for meaning of 'wood'
- Take walk in locality to observe tree leaves
- Ask people about trees with seeds in pods and exposed seeds
- Discuss characteristics of trees observed

What are the physical differences between softwood and hardwood trees?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Tree samples
- Digital devices
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
- Saws
- Checklist templates

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Materials for Production

Wood - Examples of softwood and hardwood trees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List examples of softwood trees
- List examples of hardwood trees
- Classify common trees as softwood or hardwood

- Study examples of softwood (Podo, Pine, Cypress)
- Study examples of hardwood (Mahogany, Teak, Oak)
- Use checklist to classify wood samples
- Share findings with classmates

What are common examples of softwood and hardwood in Kenya?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
- Classification charts
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Wood preparation and felling
Wood - Wood conversion methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define wood preparation
- Explain the process of felling trees
- Appreciate sustainable harvesting practices

- Search for meanings of wood preparation terms
- Engage resource person on wood preparation process
- Discuss felling of trees and sustainable practices
- Study how logs are cut from felled trees

What is involved in preparing wood for use?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Resource person
- Visual aids showing felling
- Digital devices
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- Pictures of saws
- Conversion diagrams
- Visual aids

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Quarter sawing and wood seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe quarter sawing method
- Explain the purpose of wood seasoning
- Identify natural seasoning methods

- Study quarter sawing method and diagrams
- Discuss purpose of wood seasoning
- Learn about air seasoning and water seasoning
- Compare natural seasoning methods

Why is wood seasoning necessary?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 87
- Conversion diagrams
- Seasoning illustrations
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Artificial seasoning methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe kiln seasoning
- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Appreciate advantages of different methods

- Study kiln seasoning process
- Compare natural vs artificial seasoning
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages
- Use print media to research seasoning methods

What are the different methods of artificial seasoning?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88
- Kiln diagrams
- Comparison charts
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses of wood in workplaces
Handling Waste Materials - Identifying waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from softwood
- Identify items made from hardwood
- Match wood types to their uses

- Visit workplace to identify wood items
- Ask workers about wood types used
- Discuss uses of wood (paper, kitchenware, furniture)
- Develop chart matching wood types to uses

How are different types of wood used in daily life?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 89
- Wood product samples
- Charts
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Collection bags
- Gloves
- Classification charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Categories of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify waste as plastic, wood, glass, metal
- Identify electronic waste
- Recognize compostable waste

- Study different categories of waste
- Group waste into plastic, wood, glass, metal types
- Identify electronic waste items
- Separate compostable waste

How can waste materials be categorized?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Waste samples
- Sorting bins
- Classification tables

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written tests

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods (reducing, segregation)
Handling Waste Materials - Reusing and recycling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define waste management
- Explain reducing waste
- Demonstrate waste segregation

- Discuss meaning of 'handling waste materials'
- Learn about reducing waste production
- Study waste segregation using bins
- Practice sorting waste into categories

What are safe ways of handling waste materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 95
- Segregation bins
- Visual aids
- PPE equipment
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Reusable items
- Recycled products

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Composting and incineration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe composting process
- Explain when to use incineration
- Practice safe burning of waste

- Study composting of organic waste
- Learn about controlled burning
- Discuss when incineration is appropriate
- Practice composting organic materials

When should waste be composted or burned?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 97
- Compost materials
- Visual aids
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Landfilling and disposal methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe landfilling process
- Compare different disposal methods
- Select appropriate disposal method

- Study landfilling procedure
- Compare all waste disposal methods
- Discuss appropriate uses for each method
- Engage resource person on best practices

What is landfilling and when is it used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Landfill diagrams
- Resource person
- Comparison charts

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (plastic planter)
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (bag from T-shirt, table mat)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List materials for making planter
- Follow steps to make planter
- Create useful item from waste

- Observe demonstration of making planter
- Cut plastic bottle into sections
- Add sponge, soil and seedlings
- Complete recycled planter project

How can we make useful items from waste plastic?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 101
- Plastic bottles
- Scissors, soil
- Sponge, seedlings
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 102
- Old T-shirts
- Newspapers, glue
- Scissors, needle

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain health benefits of proper waste handling
- Describe environmental benefits
- Appreciate importance of clean environment

- Discuss protection of human health
- Study environmental benefits
- Analyze reduction of medical expenses
- Develop waste handling guidelines

Why is proper waste handling important?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Charts on importance
- Case scenarios
- Visual aids

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of pliers
Holding Tools - Types of clamps and vices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define holding tool
- Identify different types of pliers
- Describe features of pliers

- Discuss term 'holding tool'
- Take gallery walk to observe tools
- Pick and name different pliers
- Discuss features of each plier type

What are holding tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Pliers samples
- Visual aids
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 114
- Clamp samples
- Vice samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of tongs
- Identify types of clips
- Appreciate variety of holding tools

- Study laboratory tongs and blacksmith tongs
- Examine paper clips, bulldog clips, cable clips
- Discuss specific uses of each
- Complete holding tools identification puzzle

What are the different types of clips used in workplaces?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Tong samples
- Clip samples
- Identification puzzles

- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate pliers for task
- Select appropriate clamps for task
- Justify tool selection

- Visit workplace to observe tool selection
- Ask workers about suitable tools for tasks
- Study suited use of different pliers
- Study suited use of different clamps

How do we select the right holding tool for a task?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 117
- Tool selection guides
- Workplace examples
- Visual aids

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting vices, tongs and clips
Holding Tools - Using pliers and clamps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate vice for task
- Select appropriate tongs and clips
- Match tools to specific applications

- Study suited use of bench vice and pipe vice
- Learn selection criteria for tongs
- Study applications of different clips
- Practice tool selection decisions

What factors determine tool selection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 119
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task scenarios
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Pliers
- Clamps
- Workpieces
- Safety equipment

- Written tests - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Using vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate use of bench vice
- Demonstrate use of tongs and clips
- Practice safe handling procedures

- Learn steps for using bench vice
- Practice opening jaws and positioning work
- Learn steps for using tongs
- Practice using different types of clips

How do we use vices and tongs safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Bench vice
- Tongs
- Clips
- Workpieces

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Clean holding tools properly
- Lubricate moving parts
- Store tools safely

- Discuss meaning of 'caring for tools'
- Practice cleaning holding tools
- Apply lubricant to moving parts
- Inspect tools for damage

How should holding tools be maintained?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Types of hammers
Driving Tools - Types of mallets, screwdrivers, spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define driving tool
- Identify types of hammers
- Describe features of hammers

- Discuss term 'driving tool'
- Take gallery walk to observe hammers
- Study claw hammer, ball peen hammer, mason's hammer
- Examine sledge hammer

What are driving tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammer samples
- Visual aids
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 134
- Mallet samples
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Punches and crowbars

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of punches
- Identify types of crowbars
- Appreciate variety of driving tools

- Study starting punch and pin punch
- Examine wrecking bar and flat bar
- Discuss specific uses of each
- Name other driving tools in workplace

How are punches and crowbars used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 135
- Punch samples
- Crowbar samples
- Visual aids

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting hammers and mallets
Driving Tools - Selecting screwdrivers and spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate hammer for task
- Select appropriate mallet for task
- Justify tool selection decisions

- Study suited use of claw hammer
- Study suited use of ball peen hammer
- Learn suited use of mason's and sledge hammers
- Study suited use of wooden and rubber mallets

How do we select the right driving tool?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Tool selection guides
- Task scenarios
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples
- Fastener samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting punches and crowbars

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate punch for task
- Select appropriate crowbar for task
- Match tools to removal tasks

- Study use of starting punch
- Study use of pin punch
- Learn suited use of wrecking bar
- Study suited use of flat bar

When should punches and crowbars be used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task examples

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Using hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of hammer
- Demonstrate proper use of mallet
- Observe safety when using tools

- Learn steps for using hammer safely
- Practice positioning and striking with hammer
- Learn steps for using mallet
- Practice striking with mallet

How are hammers and mallets used safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Hammers
- Mallets
- Nails, workpieces
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Using screwdrivers and spanners
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate correct use of screwdriver
- Demonstrate correct use of spanner
- Select correct size for fastener

- Match screwdriver types to screws
- Practice positioning and turning screwdriver
- Learn steps for using spanners
- Practice tightening and loosening fasteners

How do we use screwdrivers and spanners correctly?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 143
- Screwdrivers
- Spanners
- Screws, nuts, bolts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 147
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage toolbox

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Proper use and replacement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use tools for intended purposes
- Identify damaged tools
- Appreciate importance of tool maintenance

- Study proper vs improper tool use
- Learn to identify tool damage
- Discuss when to replace tools
- Practice regular tool inspections

Why is proper tool use important?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- Tool samples
- Damaged tool examples
- Visual aids

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests