Business and Money Management

Money - Factors determining supply of money in an economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term money supply
- Explain factors that determine supply of money in an economy
- Relate Central Bank policies to everyday price changes and loan availability

- Brainstorm and present on factors that determine supply of money
- Discuss the role of Central Bank in controlling money supply
- Search for information on monetary policy and bank lending

How does the Central Bank control the amount of money in Kenya?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 12
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Group presentation

Business and Money Management

Money - Ethical and unethical practices in financial transactions
Business Goals - Meaning and importance of goal setting in business
Business Goals - Benefits of goal setting for business success

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical and unethical practices on the use of money
- Evaluate consequences of unethical financial practices
- Practice honesty and integrity when handling money in daily life

- Watch video clips on ethical and unethical practices in use of money
- Search for information on ethical practices in financial transactions
- Discuss cases of fraud, corruption and money laundering

What are the consequences of unethical practices in handling money?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 14
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 19
- Case study materials
- Flash cards
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 21
- Case study: Grace's business
- Charts on goal setting

- Video analysis - Oral questions - Written reflection

Business and Money Management

Business Goals - Factors to consider when setting business goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors to consider when setting business goals
- Analyse how resources, competition and customer needs affect goal setting
- Consider available resources when planning personal projects

- Brainstorm and present on factors to consider when setting business goals
- Read case study on Emma's bakery
- Search for information on goal setting factors

What should a business consider before setting its goals?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 23
- Case study: Emma's bakery
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Peer assessment

Business and Money Management

Business Goals - Steps followed when setting business goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the steps followed when setting business goals
- Arrange goal setting steps in logical sequence from vision to monitoring
- Follow systematic steps when planning personal activities

- Search for information on steps followed when setting business goals
- Discuss the goal setting process from defining vision to tracking progress
- Create action plans for achieving goals

What is the first step in setting effective business goals?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 24
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Oral presentation - Portfolio assessment

Business and Money Management

Business Goals - Understanding and applying SMART goals framework
Business Goals - Formulating SMART short-term and long-term business goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what each component of SMART goals represents
- Evaluate goals against SMART criteria
- Create specific, measurable and achievable personal goals

- Discuss the meaning of SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Analyse examples of SMART and non-SMART goals
- Present on each component of SMART framework

What makes a goal SMART?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 25
- Charts on SMART framework
- Examples of goals
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 27
- Goal setting worksheets
- Sample business scenarios

- Oral questions - Goal analysis - Written exercises

Business and Money Management

Business Goals - Aligning and presenting business goals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create goal alignment charts linking short-term to long-term goals
- Present formulated business goals with justification
- Break down long-term personal ambitions into achievable short-term targets

- Analyse how business short-term goals lead to long-term vision
- Create goal alignment charts on manila papers
- Present and evaluate formulated goals

Why should short-term goals be aligned with long-term business vision?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 29
- Goal alignment charts
- Manila papers

- Chart presentation - Written assignment - Self-assessment

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Meaning of budgeting in business
Budgeting in Business - Importance of budgeting in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms budget and budgeting
- Explain the concept of budgeting in business context
- Create simple budgets for personal weekly expenses

- Brainstorm and present on the meaning of budgeting
- Analyse Alvin's weekly budget plan
- Discuss components of a basic budget

What is a budget and why do businesses need one?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 30
- Sample budget plans
- Case study: Alvin's budget
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 31
- Case study: James's shop
- Budget templates

- Oral questions - Budget analysis - Written exercises

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Types of business budgets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of business budgets
- Explain the purpose of operating, sales, cash and capital budgets
- Relate different budget types to household financial planning

- Use digital devices or print media to search on types of business budgets
- Watch video clips on types of budgets
- Discuss characteristics and uses of each budget type

What is the difference between a cash budget and a capital budget?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 33
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Video analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Steps in preparing a business budget
Budgeting in Business - Creating and presenting a business budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline steps followed when preparing a business budget
- Identify income and expense categories for a budget
- List personal income sources and regular expenses

- Discuss steps for preparing a budget (setting goals, estimating income, listing expenses)
- Identify revenue and expense items for a business
- Create budget categories

What information do you need before preparing a business budget?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 35
- Budget preparation guides
- Sample business data
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 36
- Budget templates
- Calculators

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Monitoring and adjusting budgets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of monitoring budget performance
- Describe how to adjust budgets when circumstances change
- Review and adjust personal budgets based on actual spending

- Discuss how to track spending against budget
- Analyse scenarios requiring budget adjustments
- Practice making budget revisions

Why might a business need to change its budget during the year?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 37
- Budget tracking sheets
- Case scenarios

- Scenario analysis - Written questions - Group discussion

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Budgeting for emergency measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define emergency measures in business
- Explain how to budget for unexpected situations and contingencies
- Set aside savings for personal emergencies

- Discuss how to budget for emergency measures
- Analyse case study on emergency expenses affecting budget
- Calculate appropriate emergency fund allocations

Why should a business include emergency funds in its budget?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 38
- Case study materials
- Budget worksheets

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignment

Business and Money Management

Budgeting in Business - Planning for business contingencies
Banking - Meaning and importance of banking in an economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify potential emergencies that may affect a business
- Allocate budget percentages for emergency funds
- Prepare for unexpected events in personal financial planning

- Brainstorm potential business emergencies
- Discuss strategies for prioritising critical emergencies
- Present on contingency planning in business budgets

What percentage of a budget should be set aside for emergencies?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 38
- Budget calculators
- Emergency planning guides
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 39
- Case study: Kithimani town
- Bank brochures

- Budget calculation - Oral presentation - Peer assessment

Business and Money Management

Banking - Types of accounts offered by banks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of accounts offered by banks
- Describe features of savings, current, fixed deposit and joint accounts
- Choose appropriate bank accounts for different financial needs

- Search for information on types of accounts offered by banks
- Discuss characteristics and benefits of different account types
- Compare accounts using mind maps

Which type of bank account is best for a student?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 42
- Mind maps on account types
- Bank account brochures

- Oral questions - Comparison chart - Written assignment

Business and Money Management

Banking - Ethical and unethical practices in banking
Banking - Trends in banking in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical and unethical practices in banking
- Analyse effects of unethical banking practices on customers
- Expect fair treatment and report suspicious practices when using banking services

- Share experiences on ethical and unethical practices in banking
- Watch video clips on ethical banking practices
- Discuss cases of banking fraud, hidden charges and discrimination

Why is it important for banks to be transparent with customers?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
- Video clips
- Case study materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Video analysis - Oral questions - Written reflection

Business and Money Management

Banking - Opening a junior savings bank account

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify documents required to open a junior savings account
- Fill forms to open a junior savings bank account correctly
- Start saving early to build good financial habits for the future

- Discuss required documents and information for opening accounts
- Fill in junior savings account opening forms
- Explain benefits of opening a savings account

What documents do you need to open a junior savings bank account?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 47
- Sample account opening forms
- Bank guidelines

- Form filling exercise - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Business and Money Management
Business and Its Environment

Banking - Benefits of junior savings accounts
Types of Business Ownership - Meaning of partnership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain benefits of opening a junior savings account
- Describe how savings accounts encourage financial discipline
- Develop responsible money management habits from a young age

- Discuss benefits of junior savings accounts
- Share experiences on saving habits
- Present on how early saving promotes financial independence

How does having a savings account help young people manage money?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
- Charts on benefits of saving
- Testimonials from young savers
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 73
- Case study: Sam and Wanjiku's hotel
- Digital resources

- Oral presentation - Group discussion - Written reflection

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Formation of partnership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of forming a partnership in Kenya
- Explain the contents of a partnership agreement
- Establish clear agreements when working with others

- Brainstorm the formation of partnership
- Search for information on partnership agreements
- Discuss contents like profit sharing ratio and partner roles

What should be included in a partnership agreement?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Sample partnership agreements
- Internet access

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Management of partnership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how partnerships are managed
- Describe partner roles and decision-making processes
- Share responsibilities fairly when working in teams

- Search for information on management of partnerships
- Discuss how partners share responsibilities
- Present on partnership management structures

How do partners share responsibilities in managing a business?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 76
- Management structure charts
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Sources of finance for partnership
Types of Business Ownership - Advantages of partnership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sources of finance for partnership
- Explain how partners can raise capital for the business
- Pool resources with others for common goals

- Search for information on sources of finance for partnership
- Discuss partner contributions, bank loans and trade credit
- Present on financing options for partnerships

How do partnerships raise money compared to sole proprietorships?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Finance source charts
- Digital devices
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 78
- Debate guidelines
- Reference materials

- Oral presentation - Written questions - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Disadvantages of partnership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the disadvantages of partnership
- Analyse challenges such as disagreements and shared profits
- Resolve conflicts amicably when working with others

- Search for information on disadvantages of partnership
- Discuss challenges like unlimited liability and dependence on partners
- Complete debate on partnership

What problems might arise when running a business with partners?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Case studies on partnership disputes
- Debate materials

- Debate participation - Written questions - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Meaning of cooperative society
Types of Business Ownership - Types of cooperative societies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term cooperative society
- Identify features of cooperative societies
- Join group activities that benefit all members

- Read case study on Sesco village tea farmers cooperative
- Discuss and present on the meaning of cooperative society
- Search for information on features of cooperatives

What is a cooperative society?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
- Case study: Sesco village
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 82
- Mind maps on cooperative types
- Reference materials

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Formation of cooperative societies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of forming a cooperative society
- Outline steps for registering a cooperative with relevant authorities
- Initiate group projects following proper procedures

- Brainstorm formation of cooperative societies
- Search for information on registration requirements
- Discuss constitution, by-laws and registration process

How is a cooperative society formed and registered?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Sample cooperative constitutions
- Registration guidelines

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Management of cooperative societies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how cooperative societies are managed
- Describe the roles of management and supervisory committees
- Participate actively in democratic group decision making

- Search for information on management of cooperative societies
- Discuss Annual General Meeting and committee elections
- Present on democratic control in cooperatives

How are decisions made in a cooperative society?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
- Management structure charts
- Digital resources

- Oral presentation - Written questions - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Sources of finance for cooperative societies
Types of Business Ownership - Advantages of cooperative societies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sources of finance for cooperative societies
- Explain how cooperatives raise funds through member contributions
- Contribute to group savings for common benefits

- Discuss sources of finance for cooperative societies
- Search for information on membership contributions and retained earnings
- Present on financing options for cooperatives

How do cooperative societies raise money for their operations?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
- Finance source charts
- Reference materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 87
- Debate guidelines
- Charts on advantages

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Group presentation

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Disadvantages of cooperative societies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the disadvantages of cooperative societies
- Analyse challenges such as slow decision making and limited capital
- Address challenges in group activities constructively

- Search for information on disadvantages of cooperative societies
- Discuss challenges like inefficient management and member conflicts
- Complete debate on cooperative societies

What challenges do cooperative societies face?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 87
- Case studies on cooperative challenges
- Debate materials

- Debate participation - Written questions - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Types of Business Ownership - Role of sole proprietorship, partnerships and cooperatives in economy
Social Responsibility of Business - Need for social responsibility of a business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the roles of different business ownership types in the economy
- Analyse how these businesses contribute to job creation and development
- Support local businesses to strengthen the community economy

- Discuss roles of sole proprietorship, partnerships and cooperatives
- Present on job creation, wealth distribution and community development
- Create charts summarizing economic contributions

How do different types of businesses help Kenya's economy grow?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 88
- Economic contribution charts
- Manila papers
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
- Case study: Bakeries comparison
- Digital resources

- Chart presentation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Social Responsibility of Business - Social responsibility activities of a business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine social responsibility activities of a business in the community
- Classify activities as environmental, charitable or employee-focused
- Participate in community service activities

- Search on social responsibility activities of businesses
- Analyse mind map on social responsibility activities
- Discuss environmental initiatives and community support

What social responsibility activities can businesses do in the community?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
- Mind maps on CSR activities
- Pictures of CSR projects

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Social Responsibility of Business - How businesses support safe road use
Social Responsibility of Business - Challenges faced by businesses in social responsibility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how businesses can support safe road use in the community
- Describe business contributions to road safety awareness
- Practice road safety when travelling to and from school

- Discuss how businesses can support safe road use
- Create flashcards on business road safety initiatives
- Present on road safety awareness campaigns

How can businesses help reduce road accidents in the community?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Flashcards
- Road safety materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Case study materials
- Digital resources

- Flashcard presentation - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Social Responsibility of Business - Designing and implementing social responsibility in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a social responsibility activity for the school
- Implement a simple CSR project with classmates
- Contribute positively to school and community welfare

- Carry out survey to identify needy learners
- Mobilize resources from local community
- Plan and implement social responsibility activity

How can you design a social responsibility project for your school?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Survey questionnaires
- Planning templates

- Project planning - Peer assessment - Practical implementation

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define entrepreneur and entrepreneurship
- Identify entrepreneurial skills needed for economic growth
- Develop creative thinking in solving everyday problems

- Brainstorm and present on entrepreneurial skills
- Analyse mind map on essential skills
- Discuss innovation, creativity and risk management

What skills do you need to become a successful entrepreneur?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Mind maps on entrepreneurial skills
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Self-assessment

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Importance of entrepreneurial skills for economic development
Entrepreneurship - Types of entrepreneurs (Innovative and imitative)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of entrepreneurial skills for economic growth
- Analyse how skills like financial literacy and leadership drive development
- Apply problem-solving skills in daily activities

- Search for information on importance of entrepreneurial skills
- Discuss how skills contribute to job creation and innovation
- Present on entrepreneurial skills and economic development

How do entrepreneurial skills help the economy grow?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Reference materials
- Charts on economic contribution
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
- Case studies of entrepreneurs
- Digital devices

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Types of entrepreneurs (Social, hustler and researcher)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain social, hustler and researcher entrepreneurs
- Match entrepreneur descriptions to their types
- Identify personal entrepreneurial tendencies

- Search for information on social and other entrepreneur types
- Discuss characteristics of each type
- Complete matching exercise on entrepreneur types

What motivates a social entrepreneur compared to other types?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
- Entrepreneur profiles
- Matching worksheets

- Matching exercise - Oral presentation - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Evaluating business ideas and opportunities
Entrepreneurship - Factors to consider when evaluating business ideas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define business idea and business opportunity
- Distinguish between a business idea and a viable opportunity
- Evaluate personal ideas for potential business ventures

- Read and analyse case studies on business ideas
- Discuss Sarah's phone repair and Tom's tutoring businesses
- Share experiences on business ideas and opportunities

How do you know if a business idea is a good opportunity?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- Case studies: Sarah and Tom
- Evaluation templates
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
- Business idea evaluation sheets
- Digital resources

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Importance of business incubation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define business incubation and business incubator
- Explain the importance of incubation for business growth
- Seek mentorship and support when starting new projects

- Search for information on business incubation
- Discuss services provided by business incubators
- Present on importance of incubation

What support do business incubators provide to new entrepreneurs?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Information on incubation centres
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Activities at business incubation centres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify activities that take place at business incubation centres
- Describe mentorship, training and networking opportunities
- Utilize available support systems for personal development

- Visit a business incubation centre physically or virtually
- Listen to resource person on business incubation
- Discuss activities at incubation centres

What activities take place at a business incubation centre?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Virtual tour resources
- Resource person

- Field visit report - Oral presentation - Written questions

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Identifying opportunities and starting a business in school
Entrepreneurship - Planning and launching a school business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify business opportunities within the school environment
- Outline steps for starting a business
- Take initiative in identifying opportunities around

- Identify problems or needs at school that can be business opportunities
- Brainstorm business ideas to solve identified problems
- Evaluate ideas considering demand and resources

What business opportunities exist in your school?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Opportunity identification templates
- School environment
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
- Business plan templates
- Start-up materials

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Brainstorming session

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Conducting self-entrepreneurial assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Conduct self-entrepreneurial assessment on personal qualities
- Identify personal strengths and weaknesses as an entrepreneur
- Work on improving weak areas for personal growth

- Think about personal qualities important for entrepreneurs
- Rate yourself on entrepreneurial qualities
- Identify strengths and areas for improvement

What are your strengths and weaknesses as a potential entrepreneur?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Rating scales

- Self-assessment exercise - Written reflection - Peer discussion

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Compiling business ideas and determining suitability
Production - Meaning and importance of production in an economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compile a list of business ideas
- Determine suitability of business ideas as opportunities
- Make informed decisions about viable business ventures

- Compile a list of business ideas from brainstorming
- Rate each idea based on suitability factors
- Choose the top business idea for further development

How do you determine if a business idea is suitable for you?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
- Business idea compilation sheets
- Rating templates
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Pictures of production processes
- Charts on production importance

- Compilation exercise - Oral presentation - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Benefits of production to the economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse the benefits of production to the economy
- Explain how production creates jobs and supports trade
- Support locally produced goods to boost the economy

- Search for information on importance of production
- Discuss job creation, wealth and improved living standards
- Present on production and economic development

How does production contribute to job creation?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Economic charts
- Digital resources

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Factors of production (Land and labour)
Production - Factors of production (Capital and entrepreneurship)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define factors of production
- Explain land and labour as factors of production
- Value natural resources and human effort in creating goods

- Discuss and present on factors of production
- Search for information on land and labour
- Watch video on factors of production

What natural resources and human skills are needed to produce goods?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Video clips
- Pictures of land and labour
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pictures of capital goods
- Reference materials

- Video analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Production - Types of costs in a production unit (Fixed and variable costs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define fixed costs and variable costs
- Distinguish between fixed and variable costs in production
- Identify fixed and variable costs in household expenses

- Search for information on types of costs in production
- Discuss fixed costs like rent and variable costs like raw materials
- Classify costs from given scenarios

What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Cost classification charts
- Case scenarios

- Classification exercise - Oral questions - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Types of costs (Total, marginal and average costs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define total cost, marginal cost and average cost
- Calculate different types of costs in production
- Apply cost calculations when planning personal projects

- Search for information on total, marginal and average costs
- Compute types of costs using given data
- Discuss cost calculations for a chair factory

How do you calculate the total cost of production?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Calculators
- Cost calculation worksheets

- Calculation exercises - Written questions - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Computing types of costs in production
Production - Division of labour and specialisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compute fixed costs, variable costs and total costs
- Calculate average cost per unit of production
- Use cost information to make pricing decisions

- Practice computing costs using business scenarios
- Calculate costs for Sarah's bakery
- Present cost calculations to class

How do you calculate the cost of producing one item?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
- Practice exercises
- Calculators
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Comparison charts
- Digital resources

- Calculation exercises - Oral presentation - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Advantages and disadvantages of division of labour and specialisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain advantages of division of labour and specialisation
- Analyse disadvantages of division of labour and specialisation
- Balance specialization with learning new skills

- Search for advantages and disadvantages of division of labour
- Debate on division of labour and specialisation
- Create charts showing advantages and disadvantages

What are the benefits and drawbacks of workers specializing in one task?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
- Debate guidelines
- Chart materials

- Debate participation - Chart presentation - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Roles and responsibilities of a producer to consumer
Production - Designing an appropriate label for a product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the roles of a producer to consumers
- Describe responsibilities of producers in ensuring quality and safety
- Expect quality products and honest information from businesses

- Read and analyse case study on Chap Chap Posho Mill
- Role play functions of producer to consumer
- Discuss roles like creating goods, ensuring quality and setting prices

What responsibilities do producers have towards their customers?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Case study: Chap Chap Posho Mill
- Role play props
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Sample product labels
- Design materials

- Case study analysis - Role play observation - Written questions

Business and Its Environment

Production - Creating product labels with required information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Include all required information on a product label
- Create complete product labels following guidelines
- Check product labels for important information before buying

- Design labels including product name, ingredients and expiry date
- Review and improve designed labels
- Present final product labels

Why is the expiry date important on a product label?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
- Label templates
- Marking pens and materials

- Label completion - Written assignment - Portfolio assessment

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Meaning and importance of consumer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Benefits of consumer satisfaction to businesses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define consumer satisfaction
- Explain the importance of consumer satisfaction in business
- Provide feedback to businesses about products and services

- Discuss and present on the meaning of consumer satisfaction
- Search for importance of consumer satisfaction
- Analyse picture of satisfied customer

Why is customer satisfaction important for a business?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
- Pictures of customer interactions
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
- Case studies
- Charts on customer benefits

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Terms and conditions for supply of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define terms and conditions in supply of goods
- Identify terms and conditions such as payment terms and warranties
- Read terms and conditions before making purchases

- Search for information on terms and conditions
- Study invoice and warranty images
- Discuss payment terms, delivery, returns and guarantees

What terms and conditions should you check before buying a product?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
- Sample invoices and warranties
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Document analysis

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Understanding warranties, refunds and consumer rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain warranties, refunds and consumer responsibilities
- Analyse different terms and conditions in business transactions
- Assert consumer rights when products are faulty

- Watch video clips on terms and conditions
- Discuss warranties, refunds and limitation of liability
- Present on consumer rights and responsibilities

What should you do if a product you bought is faulty?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
- Video clips
- Consumer rights materials

- Video analysis - Oral presentation - Written questions

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Remedies for consumer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Proactive and reactive strategies for customer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Carrying out customer satisfaction survey

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify remedies available for consumer satisfaction
- Distinguish between proactive and reactive remedies
- Seek appropriate remedies when dissatisfied with products

- Share experiences on consumer satisfaction remedies
- Role play remedies for consumer satisfaction
- Analyse case study on Jane's laptop charger

What remedies are available when a customer is not satisfied?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
- Case study: Jane's laptop
- Role play props
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 145
- Strategy charts
- Reference materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
- Survey questionnaires
- Data analysis templates

- Role play observation - Case study analysis - Written assignment