Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Establishment of colonial rule - Methods used by the British

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods used by the British to establish colonial rule
- Evaluate the effectiveness of different methods
- Debate the ethical implications of colonial methods and relate them to current human rights issues

- Debate on the methods used by the British in establishment of colonial rule
- Discuss military conquest, treaties, and collaboration
- Watch a documentary on establishment of colonial rule

Which methods did the British use to establish colonial rule in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 26
- Documentaries
- Reference books

- Debates - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Establishment of colonial rule - Process of colonization
Establishment of colonial rule - Colonial administration system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of establishment of colonial rule in Kenya
- Create a timeline of key events in colonization
- Analyse how colonialism systematically disrupted existing governance systems

- Watch a documentary on establishment of colonial rule Kenya
- Develop a chart on the process of establishment of colonial rule
- Discuss key events from 1895 to full colonization

What was the process of establishing colonial rule in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 28
- Documentaries
- Charts
- Timeline materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 29
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Timeline creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Establishment of colonial rule - Influence on contemporary government

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine how colonial administration influenced contemporary government
- Identify colonial legacies in current governance structures
- Advocate for sustainable self-rule by participating in civic activities

- Explore the extent to which colonial systems have influenced contemporary government
- Write key messages that promote sustainable self-rule
- Create posters showing ways to promote independence

How has colonial administration influenced contemporary government in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 29
- Constitution of Kenya 2010
- Charts and posters

- Written tests - Oral questions - Poster creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Establishment of colonial rule - Promoting sustainable self-rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of promoting sustainable self-rule in Kenya
- Identify civic engagement activities that strengthen independence
- Participate in community initiatives that promote national development

- Discuss civic engagement and community initiatives
- Create messages promoting sustainable self-rule
- Display posters in public places to promote civic responsibility

How can we maintain independence in our daily lives?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 30
- Charts and posters
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster displays

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Public participation - Concept and levels of participation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the concept of 'public' and public participation
- Identify levels of public participation as outlined in the Constitution
- Connect public participation to decision-making processes in school and community

- Brainstorm on the concept of 'public' and various levels of public participation
- Discuss information sharing, consultation, involvement, collaboration and empowerment
- Present findings using charts

What are the different levels of public participation in society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 32
- Constitution of Kenya 2010
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Public participation - Fostering constitutional principles
Public participation - Emerging issues and challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of public participation in promoting accountability
- Analyse how public participation fosters transparency and inclusivity
- Demonstrate commitment to transparency by sharing information openly in group activities

- Discuss role of public participation in fostering constitutional principles
- Examine how public participation promotes accountability, transparency and inclusivity
- Use available resources to make presentations

How does public participation promote accountability, transparency and inclusivity?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 36
- Constitution of Kenya 2010
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 38
- Digital resources
- Newspapers and magazines

- Oral questions - Observation - Peer assessment

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Public participation - Solutions and best practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Propose appropriate solutions to challenges affecting public participation
- Investigate best practices that promote sustainable public participation
- Apply best practices by organizing a public participation exercise in school

- Engage a resource person to establish best practices for sustainable public participation
- Discuss solutions to emerging issues
- Present key points in class

What are the best practices that promote sustainable public participation?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 39
- Resource persons
- Charts and posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Public participation - Sustainable public participation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of sustainable public participation
- Identify activities that promote continuous citizen engagement
- Participate in a debate or public participation exercise at school level

- Hold a debate on the need to support public participation in society
- Discuss how to cultivate genuine interest in public participation
- Organize a public participation exercise in school

How can we promote sustainable public participation in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 40
- Digital resources
- Debate materials

- Debates - Observation - Peer assessment

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Public participation - Supporting public participation in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of supporting public participation
- Identify ways citizens can participate in governance
- Engage family and community members in discussions about civic responsibilities

- Discuss ways of supporting public participation in society
- Share experiences of public participation with family members
- Create awareness messages about public participation

Why should members of society be encouraged to participate in public affairs?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 41
- Charts and posters
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Creative presentations

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Self-government and Republic status
Political and Constitutional developments - Merger of political parties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the significance of self-government of 1st June 1963
- Describe the establishment of republic status on 12th December 1964
- Connect independence struggles to current national celebrations and their significance

- Use digital or print resources to establish major political developments since independence
- Discuss the significance of Madaraka Day and Jamhuri Day
- Create a timeline of key political developments

What was the significance of Kenya attaining self-government and republic status?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 42
- Digital resources
- Timeline materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 44
- Reference books
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Timeline creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Repeal of Section 2A

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the significance of repealing Section 2A of the constitution
- Describe the restoration of multi-party democracy
- Connect the 1991 political reforms to current democratic freedoms enjoyed in Kenya

- Discuss the repeal of section 2A and its significance
- Research on the introduction of multi-party democracy in 1991
- Analyse the impact of multi-party elections

What was the significance of repealing Section 2A of the constitution?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 45
- Constitution documents
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Promulgation of Constitution 2010

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process leading to the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010
- Describe the devolved system of government
- Identify how constitutional provisions affect daily life in Kenya

- Research on the referendum and promulgation of the Constitution 2010
- Discuss the new system of governance through devolution
- Draw the structure of the Kenyan government

What changes did the Constitution of Kenya 2010 bring to governance?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 47
- Constitution of Kenya 2010
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Diagram creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Political challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify major political challenges since independence
- Analyse challenges such as political assassinations and attempted coups
- Discuss how historical political challenges inform current peace-building efforts

- Engage with a resource person to find out major political challenges
- Discuss political assassinations, one-party state and attempted coups
- Write summary points on key challenges

What are the major political challenges Kenya has faced since independence?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 48
- Resource persons
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Post-election violence and ethnic clashes
Political and Constitutional developments - Solutions to political challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain causes and effects of post-election violence in Kenya
- Analyse the impact of land and ethnic clashes
- Propose personal commitments to promoting peace during election periods

- Discuss post-election violence and ethnic clashes
- Analyse the causes and consequences of political violence
- Research on measures taken to address these challenges

What causes post-election violence and ethnic clashes in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 49
- Digital resources
- Newspapers
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 50
- Charts and posters
- Digital resources

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Political and Constitutional developments - Promoting peaceful political environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify activities that promote a peaceful political environment
- Participate in activities that foster harmonious living
- Compose songs or poems promoting peaceful coexistence for school events

- Participate in activities that promote peaceful political environments
- Discuss community dialogue forums and civic education seminars
- Sing a song on peaceful coexistence for harmonious living

How can you promote peaceful coexistence in political activities in your community?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 51
- Song and poem materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Creative performances - Oral questions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Elections in Kenya - Guidelines governing elections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify guidelines governing elections in Kenya
- Explain requirements for voters, candidates and political parties
- Apply election guidelines when organizing class or club elections

- Use print and non-print materials to search for guidelines governing elections
- Discuss guidelines for voters, candidates and political parties
- Present findings in class

What guidelines govern elections in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 54
- Constitution of Kenya 2010
- IEBC publications

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Elections in Kenya - Roles and functions of IEBC

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of IEBC
- Explain the roles and functions of IEBC in Kenya
- Design awareness messages about IEBC's role for display in school

- Brainstorm on the roles and functions of IEBC in Kenya
- Use charts/posters to enumerate the roles and functions of IEBC
- Design messages on IEBC roles and display in class

What are the roles and functions of IEBC in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 56
- IEBC publications
- Charts and posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Poster creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Elections in Kenya - Electoral processes
Elections in Kenya - Election malpractices and IEBC measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the electoral processes in Kenya
- Arrange electoral processes in correct sequence
- Role play the electoral process during school elections

- Role play the electoral processes in school
- Present the electoral processes in Kenya
- Discuss stages from voter registration to announcement of results

What are the electoral processes in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 58
- Role play materials
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 59
- Resource persons
- Digital resources

- Observation - Role play assessment - Oral questions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Elections in Kenya - Technology and values in elections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how technology is used in elections
- Identify values that promote free and fair elections
- Apply values of integrity and fairness in school election activities

- Discuss the use of biometric voter registration and electronic transmission of results
- Identify values such as integrity, fairness and patriotism
- Create messages promoting ethical electoral practices

How can technology and values promote free and fair elections?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 61
- Digital resources
- Charts and posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Poster creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

Elections in Kenya - Appreciating IEBC's role in democracy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of IEBC in Kenya's democracy
- Create awareness messages about electoral processes
- Participate in discussions on how to improve electoral processes in school

- Design messages on the roles and functions of IEBC
- Display messages in class and school
- Discuss how IEBC upholds democratic principles

Why is IEBC important for Kenya's democracy?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 61
- Charts and posters
- Display materials

- Observation - Creative presentations - Peer assessment

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

National integration - Importance of national integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define national integration
- Explain the importance of national integration in Kenya
- Connect national integration to peaceful coexistence among classmates of different backgrounds

- Brainstorm on the importance of national integration
- Discuss how national integration promotes peace and development
- Present findings in class

Why is national integration important in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 62
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

National integration - Components of national integration
National integration - Factors promoting national integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of national integration
- Explain social, cultural, economic and political integration
- Categorize school activities according to their contribution to different components of integration

- Use digital or print resources to identify components of national integration
- Discuss social, cultural, economic, political, educational and legal integration
- Create diagrams showing components of national integration

What are the components of national integration?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 64
- Digital resources
- Charts and posters
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 65
- Documentaries
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Diagram creation

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

National integration - Factors limiting national integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that limit national integration
- Analyse the impact of tribalism, corruption and inequitable resource distribution
- Propose personal actions to counter factors that limit national integration

- Watch documentaries on factors that limit national integration
- Discuss tribalism, religious intolerance, corruption, racism and poverty
- Analyse how these factors hinder national unity

What factors limit national integration in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 66
- Documentaries
- Digital resources

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship

National integration - Ways of enhancing national integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate ways of enhancing national integration
- Identify activities at school, community and national level that promote integration
- Role play activities that promote national integration

- Use charts/posters to design ways that enhance national integration
- Discuss cultural days, sports events, community service and inclusive leadership
- Role play activities that promote national integration

How can we enhance national integration in school and community?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 67
- Charts and posters
- Role play materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Role play assessment

Themes in Kenyan History and Citizenship
Themes in African History and Citizenship

National integration - Promoting national unity
Transition from migratory to sedentary lifestyle - Development of agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write essays, poems or songs on the importance of national integration
- Create posters with messages promoting peaceful coexistence
- Display posters in public spaces to promote national unity in the community

- Write essays/poems/songs/posters on the importance of national integration
- Display posters showing messages of unity in school and community
- Recite poems or sing songs during school events

How can you promote national unity in your community?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 68
- Creative writing materials
- Display materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 70
- Digital devices
- Print materials
- Charts/posters

- Creative performances - Poster displays - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Transition from migratory to sedentary lifestyle - Climatic changes and availability of edible grains
Neolithic Revolution - Technological advancements and tool development
Neolithic Revolution - Contributions to modern society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss how climatic changes affected early human settlement patterns
- Explain the role of availability of edible grains in the transition to sedentary lifestyle
- Relate the impact of climate on ancient settlements to current climate change effects on farming communities

- Use digital devices or print materials to research on climatic changes and availability of edible grains
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present summary points in class

Which factors influenced the transition from hunting and gathering to farming?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 71
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Maps showing early settlement areas
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Charts showing Neolithic tools
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 73
- Documentaries
- Resource persons
- Digital devices

- Group presentations - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Pastoralism - Characteristics among the Maasai community
Pastoralism - Characteristics among the Fulani community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify the characteristics of pastoralism among the Maasai community
- Describe the nature of land, livestock types and climatic conditions in Maasai pastoralism
- Compare Maasai herding practices with livestock keeping in 's local community

- Investigate the characteristics of pastoralism among the Maasai community
- Use an atlas to locate the areas inhabited by the Maasai
- Report findings in class using charts/posters

What are the distinctive features of pastoralism among the Maasai?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 75
- Atlas
- Maps of East Africa
- Pictures of Maasai pastoralists
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 76
- Maps of West Africa
- Pictures of Fulani pastoralists
- Reference books

- Observation checklists - Oral questions - Written reports

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Challenges and solutions in contemporary pastoralism in Africa
Wanga Kingdom - Origin and formation
Wanga Kingdom - Political, social and economic developments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Devise solutions to challenges facing contemporary pastoralism in Africa
- Analyse challenges such as drought, diseases, overstocking and insecurity
- Propose practical interventions that could help pastoral communities in 's county or region

- Design charts/posters showing solutions to challenges facing contemporary pastoralism
- Discuss how challenges affect pastoralism in Africa
- Propose solutions for each challenge identified

How can we address the challenges facing pastoralists in Africa today?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 77
- Charts/posters
- News articles on pastoralism challenges
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 80
- Maps showing location of Wanga Kingdom
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 81
- Charts
- Resource persons
- Historical documents

- Project-based assessment - Peer assessment - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Aksum Empire - Origin and rise to power

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the factors for growth and development of the Aksum Empire
- Describe the origin and rise of the Aksum Empire
- Link the strategic location of Aksum along trade routes to the importance of modern ports like Mombasa in regional trade

- Research using digital/print materials on the origin of the Aksum Empire
- Discuss the factors that contributed to its rise
- Present findings using PowerPoint or charts

How did the Aksum Empire become one of the most powerful civilisations in ancient Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 82
- Maps of ancient Ethiopia and Eritrea
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Portfolio assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Aksum Empire - Political, economic and cultural achievements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse the political, economic and cultural achievements of the Aksum Empire
- Explain the significance of the Ge'ez script and adoption of Christianity
- Recognize the influence of ancient African writing systems on the preservation of cultural heritage today

- Watch documentaries on the achievements of the Aksum Empire
- Discuss the development of the Ge'ez script and trade networks
- Create visual presentations of Aksumite achievements

What were the major achievements of the Aksum Empire that influenced later civilisations?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 83
- Documentaries
- Pictures of Aksumite monuments
- Reference books

- Observation - Written assignments - Group presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Kingdom of Rwanda - Formation and expansion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the factors for growth and development of the Kingdom of Rwanda
- Describe the formation and expansion of the Kingdom of Rwanda under various leaders
- Compare the unification efforts of Rwandan kings to modern efforts of national integration in African countries

- Read excerpts on the development of the Kingdom of Rwanda
- Discuss the role of King Gihanga and Ruganzu I Bwimba in expansion
- Write essays on the political developments

How did the Kingdom of Rwanda evolve from small chiefdoms to a centralised state?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 84
- Historical excerpts
- Maps of pre-colonial Rwanda
- Reference materials

- Essay writing - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Significance and contributions of African civilisations to modern society
Application of best practices from early civilisations in modern society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the significance of ancient African civilisations and their contributions to modern society
- Explain how developments in governance, agriculture, trade and culture have influenced modern practices
- Identify modern institutions and systems in Kenya that have roots in pre-colonial governance structures

- Discuss the significance of ancient African civilisations to modern society
- Use case studies to explain how best practices are applied today
- Display findings on charts/posters

How have ancient African civilisations shaped modern governance, trade and cultural practices?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 85
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 86
- Pictures
- Charts/posters

- Case study analysis - Written tests - Observation

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Contributions of early civilisations - Governance, trade and cultural heritage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document the contributions of early civilisations to governance, trade and cultural heritage
- Explain how traditional governance systems influenced modern political structures
- Value the preservation of indigenous knowledge by visiting or learning about local cultural sites

- Participate in class activities showing contributions of early civilisations
- Write journals documenting contributions
- Share findings with family members

Why is it important to preserve and learn from the achievements of early African civilisations?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 87
- Journals
- Reference materials
- Cultural artefacts

- Journal assessment - Reflective writing - Oral questions

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Berlin Conference - Significance in the scramble for Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the significance of the Berlin Conference in relation to scramble for and partition of Africa
- Explain the terms agreed upon by European nations during the conference
- Relate the arbitrary drawing of colonial boundaries to current border disputes between African nations

- Research on the significance of the Berlin Conference
- Discuss the terms agreed upon by European powers
- Draw charts showing outcomes of the conference

How did the Berlin Conference shape the colonisation of Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 89
- Maps showing partition of Africa
- Digital devices
- Historical documents

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Colonisation of Africa - Economic, political and strategic reasons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discern the extent to which different reasons influenced colonisation of Africa
- Classify reasons as economic, political, socio-cultural or strategic
- Connect the historical extraction of African resources to ongoing debates about fair trade and economic partnerships

- Use print and non-print materials to find information on reasons for colonisation
- Group the factors into political, socio-economic and strategic categories
- Display findings in class using charts

What were the main motivations behind European colonisation of Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 92
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital resources

- Classification exercises - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key players who determined the colonisation of Africa
African leaders and their responses to colonisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate how key players contributed to the colonisation of Africa
- Identify the roles of European monarchs, explorers, missionaries and chartered companies
- Analyse how the actions of historical figures like Cecil Rhodes continue to influence land ownership patterns in Southern Africa

- Engage with a resource person to identify key players in colonisation
- Research on the roles of missionaries, explorers, European powers and trading companies
- Match key players with their roles in colonisation

How did different actors contribute to the colonisation of Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 93
- Pictures of key figures
- Resource persons
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 94
- Historical accounts
- Pictures of African leaders
- Reference books

- Matching exercises - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Why the end of colonisation was necessary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Justify why the end of colonisation in Africa was necessary
- Explain the negative impacts of colonial rule on African societies
- Connect the struggles for independence to ongoing efforts to achieve economic self-determination in African countries

- Read articles on the negative impacts of colonisation
- Discuss factors that contributed to decolonisation
- Debate on whether colonialism needed to end for Africa to prosper

Why was the end of colonial rule necessary for African development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 95
- Newspaper articles
- Historical documents
- Digital resources

- Debate performance - Written essays - Oral questions

Themes in African History and Citizenship

End of colonisation - Promoting national pride and self-determination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compose poems/messages on reasons behind the end of colonisation as a means to promote national pride
- Explain how decolonisation restored African dignity and self-determination
- Participate in national day celebrations with deeper understanding of their significance in marking freedom from colonial rule

- Compose songs, poems or slogans justifying the end of colonisation
- Present creative work during school events
- Write reports on arguments for and against colonisation

How did the end of colonisation contribute to national pride in African countries?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 96
- Creative writing materials
- Song/poem collections
- Reference materials

- Creative work assessment - Peer review - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Modern nationalism - Factors that have influenced nationalism in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore factors that have influenced modern nationalism in Africa
- Explain how colonial oppression, western education and economic exploitation contributed to nationalism
- Relate historical nationalist sentiments to current "Buy Kenya, Build Kenya" campaigns and local manufacturing initiatives

- Use digital/printed media to establish factors that contributed to modern nationalism
- Discuss the relationship between past and modern nationalism factors
- Present findings in class

What factors have driven the rise of modern nationalism in Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 98
- Digital devices
- Newspapers
- Reference books

- Research assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Thomas Sankara
Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Desmond Tutu

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw lessons from Thomas Sankara's contributions to nationalism in Africa
- Explain Sankara's policies on self-reliance, gender equality and environmental conservation
- Apply Sankara's principles of self-reliance by supporting locally made products in daily purchases

- Read newsletters/articles on Thomas Sankara's contributions
- Discuss lessons on nationalism from Sankara
- Write summaries highlighting key lessons

What lessons can we learn from Thomas Sankara's approach to nationalism?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 100
- Newsletters
- Pictures of Thomas Sankara
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 101
- Digital devices
- Pictures of Desmond Tutu
- Reference books

- Written summaries - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Julius Nyerere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw lessons from Julius Nyerere's contributions to Pan-Africanism and Ujamaa philosophy
- Explain how Nyerere promoted self-reliance, education and national unity
- Connect Nyerere's Ujamaa principles of communal living to modern cooperative societies and community development initiatives

- Read speech excerpts from Julius Nyerere
- Discuss his contributions to nationalism and Pan-Africanism
- Write key points on Ujamaa and self-reliance

What values did Julius Nyerere promote for national development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 102
- Speech excerpts
- Pictures of Julius Nyerere
- Reference materials

- Comprehension assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Anwar Sadat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw lessons from Anwar Sadat's contributions to peace and economic reform
- Explain his role in peace negotiations and economic modernisation
- Apply Sadat's diplomatic approach to understanding current regional cooperation efforts such as the East African Community

- Research on Anwar Sadat's contributions to nationalism
- Discuss his role in peace initiatives and economic reforms
- Prepare summaries highlighting key lessons

What can we learn from Anwar Sadat's approach to diplomacy and economic development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 103
- Digital devices
- Pictures of Anwar Sadat
- Reference books

- Written summaries - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Best practices adopted by African nations to strengthen nationalism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Exemplify best practices adopted by African nations to strengthen modern nationalism
- Explain how language promotion, inclusive governance and cultural preservation foster unity
- Participate actively in national celebrations like Jamhuri Day with awareness of their role in building national unity

- Read case studies on best practices in strengthening nationalism
- Engage resource persons to discuss practices
- Develop charts/posters showing best practices
- Document practices within school environment

Which practices have African nations adopted to promote national unity and pride?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 104
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Resource persons

- Case study analysis - Project assessment - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Modern nationalism - Practical application and demonstration
Global wars - Overview of World War I and World War II

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Acknowledge lessons from key leaders who contributed to modern nationalism
- Demonstrate best practices of modern nationalism in daily interactions
- Support local businesses and cultural events as practical expressions of nationalism in everyday life

- Document/prepare videos on best practices of modern nationalism
- Share work with parents/guardians
- Recite the African Union anthem
- Identify nationalist practices within school

How can we demonstrate nationalism in our daily activities?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 105
- Video recording devices
- AU anthem lyrics
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 107
- Digital devices
- Maps showing war zones
- Reference books

- Video assessment - Observation - Peer review

Themes in African History and Citizenship

World Wars - Social, economic and political impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse the social, economic and political impacts of World Wars on Africa
- Explain how African involvement in the wars contributed to independence movements
- Connect the political awareness gained by African soldiers to the emergence of freedom fighters in Kenya's independence struggle

- Discuss how Africans served in the wars as soldiers, porters and labourers
- Analyse the impacts on African resources and economies
- Present findings in class

How did World War I and II impact African societies and independence movements?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 108
- Historical accounts
- Pictures of African soldiers
- Reference materials

- Analysis assessment - Written tests - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Cold War - Causes, characteristics and impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore how the Cold War affected Africa from the past to present
- Explain the rivalry between USA and USSR and its impact on African nations
- Analyse how Cold War-era political alignments continue to influence international relations in African countries

- Create forms to guide research on the Cold War
- Discuss how African nations became battlegrounds for proxy wars
- Fill in research forms with findings

How did the Cold War influence political developments in African countries?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 109
- Research forms
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Form completion - Oral questions - Written assignments

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Gulf War - Impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine how the Gulf War affected African economies and politics
- Explain the causes, participants and outcomes of the Gulf War
- Relate the economic disruptions caused by the Gulf War to current fuel price fluctuations and their impact on daily life

- Read newspaper headlines about the Gulf War
- Discuss economic and political impacts on Africa
- Present findings in class

How did the Gulf War affect African nations economically and politically?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 110
- Newspaper excerpts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Comprehension assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Russia-Ukraine War - Current impact on Africa
Application of lessons learnt from global wars to build a better society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse how the Russia-Ukraine War has affected Africa
- Explain impacts on food security, fuel prices and diplomatic relations
- Monitor current news on the Russia-Ukraine War to understand its ongoing effects on local food and fuel prices

- Read newspaper excerpts and social media screenshots on the war
- Discuss impacts on food, fuel and trade in Africa
- Research current developments and present findings

How has the Russia-Ukraine War impacted food security and economies in Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 112
- Newspaper articles
- Social media content
- Digital devices
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 114
- Charts for peace charters
- Reference materials
- Creative writing materials

- Current affairs assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Strategies to safeguard African states from negative impacts of global wars

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Enumerate strategies used by the UN and AU to safeguard African states from negative impacts of global wars
- Explain the roles of peacekeeping missions, diplomacy and humanitarian aid
- Recognise the presence of UN or AU peace initiatives in the region through news and local awareness

- Research on the UN and AU and their roles in peacekeeping
- Discuss strategies used to protect African nations
- Role play delegates at a peace summit

How do the UN and AU work to protect African nations from the impacts of global wars?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 116
- UN and AU documents
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Role play assessment - Written tests - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Advocating for a world free of war

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Advocate for a world free of war to achieve sustainable peace
- Compose songs, poems or messages promoting peace
- Create and share peace messages on school noticeboards or social media to promote awareness in the community

- Develop posters with messages promoting peace
- Display posters in public places
- Share peace messages on social media platforms

How can we contribute to building a world free of war?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 119
- Poster-making materials
- Digital devices
- Creative writing materials

- Poster assessment - Peer review - Creative work evaluation