Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on visual programming
- Discuss application areas of visual programming software
- Study pictures showing mobile and web applications
- Brainstorm on uses of visual programming

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Research notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas
Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch
Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile programming
- Explain web development
- Appreciate the importance of visual programming in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study images showing mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications
- Discuss how applications are used to perform tasks
- Learn about mobile programming and web development

How are mobile and web applications developed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Smartphones/tablets
- Digital devices
- Examples of mobile apps
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game
Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a simple clicker game using Scratch
- Select appropriate backdrop and sprite
- Show creativity in game development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Choose backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create variable for score
- Drag and drop blocks to create script
- Test the game and make improvements

How can you create a clicker game in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories
Visual programming - Creating music
Visual programming - Creating own interactive story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Flip character direction in stories
- Insert text for characters to say
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Position characters correctly using flip horizontal
- Insert conversation for each character using looks block
- Switch backdrops to show different parts of story
- Hide and show characters appropriately

How can characters interact in a Scratch story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating animations
Visual programming - Advanced animations
Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials
Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create simple animations using Scratch
- Make sprites glide and move with arrow keys
- Show interest in animation development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Choose backdrop and character for animation
- Create script to make character fly
- Create script to move sprite with arrow keys
- Add scenery that moves
- Test and refine animation

How can you create animations in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Creativity assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Tools and Production
Tools and Production

Visual programming - Assessment project
Holding tools - Tools used in daily life
Holding tools - Selecting tools for tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create application to solve a problem
- Apply visual programming skills learned
- Demonstrate competence in visual programming

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify a problem that can be solved using visual programming
- Design application (game, story or animation)
- Develop application using Scratch
- Test application and make improvements
- Present application to class

How can you use visual programming to solve problems?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Actual holding tools
- Pictures of tools
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Various holding tools
- Task cards
- Selection guide
- Reference materials

- Practical project - Presentations - Portfolio - Assessment rubrics

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding tools - Safe use of holding tools
Holding tools - Practical use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of pliers, clamps, tongs, clips and vice
- Demonstrate understanding of tool applications
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures showing people using holding tools
- Discuss uses of different holding tools
- Watch video on use of holding tools
- Fill table matching tools to uses

What are the uses of different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Matching activity materials
- Personal protective equipment
- Safety posters
- Clips, pliers, clamps
- Drawing board, paper
- Wire, wood pieces

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Practical use continued
Holding tools - Caring for holding tools
Holding tools - Importance and assessment
Driving tools - Tools used in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use vice to hold wood while drilling
- Use tongs to hold hot materials
- Value precision when using tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use vice to hold wood for drilling or cutting
- Use tongs to hold hot test tube or materials
- Use spanner to hold nut while tightening bolt
- Identify suitable tasks for each holding tool

How do you use vice, tongs and spanners?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Vice, tongs, spanners
- Wood pieces, nuts and bolts
- Drill (under supervision)
- PPE
- Holding tools
- Cleaning rags
- Oil/grease
- Storage containers
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Holding tools for demonstration
- Self-reflection checklist
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Actual driving tools
- Pictures of tools
- Digital devices
- Tool identification chart

- Practical work - Observation - Skills assessment - Safety compliance

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Driving tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving tools - Uses continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select driving tools for performing given tasks
- Explain factors to consider when selecting tools
- Value appropriate tool selection

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study flashcards with tasks requiring driving tools
- Choose appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for tool selection
- Discuss nature of task and user safety

How do you select the right driving tool?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Various driving tools
- Task flashcards
- Selection criteria guide
- Reference materials
- Driving tools
- Pictures showing tool use
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Punches and spanners
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards

- Oral questions - Written tests - Task analysis - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Safe use of driving tools
Driving tools - Practical use
Driving tools - Practical use continued
Driving tools - Caring for driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe use of driving tools
- Demonstrate safety practices
- Show commitment to tool safety

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Discuss safety measures when using driving tools
- Create skit demonstrating safe tool use
-

How are driving tools used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards
- Hammers, mallets
- Nails, dowels, chisels
- Wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Punches, screwdrivers, spanners
- Screws, bolts, nuts
- Wood and metal pieces
- PPE
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage boxes
- Maintenance guide

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Importance and assessment
Project - Identifying problems in locality
Project - Identifying problems continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of driving tools
- Complete crossword puzzle on tools
- Demonstrate understanding of driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of driving tools in daily life
- Complete crossword puzzle activity
- Review key concepts on driving tools
- Reflect on learning progress

Why are driving tools important in daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Driving tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Questionnaires
- Recording devices (cameras, notebooks)
- Interview guide
- Permission letters
- Cameras/smartphones
- Recording sheets
- Notebooks
- Data organization tools

- Written tests - Crossword completion - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting problem to solve
Project - Presenting identified problem
Project - Searching for solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select a problem that can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Justify problem selection
- Show critical thinking

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies
- Discuss problems that can be solved using those skills
- Select one problem to tackle
- Describe how solving problem benefits community

Which problem can we solve using our skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Problem list from field visit
- Skills inventory
- Selection criteria
- Discussion materials
- Manila paper/digital presentation tools
- Markers
- Projector (if available)
- Presentation rubrics
- Digital devices with internet
- Reference textbooks
- Research templates
- Recording sheets

- Group discussions - Problem analysis - Oral presentations - Written justification

Tools and Production

Project - Discussing possible solutions
Project - Sketching selected item
Project - Identifying materials and tools
Project - Collecting materials and tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss possible items to make
- Consider materials, skills, cost and time
- Make informed decisions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study research findings
- Discuss possible items for solving problem
- Consider: materials needed, skills required, cost, time
- Select one item to make

How do we select the best solution?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Research findings
- Decision-making matrix
- Cost estimation tools
- Discussion guides
- Drawing paper
- Pencils and erasers
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Research materials
- Material catalogs
- List templates
- Collection containers
- Transportation means
- Permission letters
- Safety equipment

- Group discussions - Decision justification - Written analysis - Oral presentations

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 1)
Project - Making the item (Part 2)
Project - Making the item (Part 3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Begin making the designed item
- Follow safety procedures
- Show practical skills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Put on appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin following steps to make item

How do we start making our project item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Collected materials
- Required tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Step-by-step guide
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Expert assistance
- Progress checklist
- Problem-solving guides
- Teacher/expert support

- Practical work - Observation - Progress monitoring - Safety checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 4)
Project - Completing the item
Project - Estimating costs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue making the project item
- Refine work for quality
- Value quality workmanship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Continue making the item
- Pay attention to details and quality
- Refine rough edges or imperfections
- Prepare for final stages

How can we ensure quality in our project?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Quality checklist
- Finishing materials
- Cleaning materials
- Storage facilities
- Finishing supplies
- Expense records
- Calculator
- Pricing formula
- Market research data

- Practical work - Quality assessment - Observation - Progress review

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Project - Presenting the item
Project - Using item to solve problem
Project - Reflection and assessment
Project - Review and consolidation
Business plan - Importance in entrepreneurship
Business plan - Components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present completed item to class
- Explain how item solves the problem
- Value peer feedback

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Present item to whole class
- Describe problem it solves
- Explain making process
- Receive comments from classmates

How does our item solve the identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Completed project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics
- Project item
- Evaluation tools
- Documentation materials
- Self-reflection checklist
- Project journals
- Feedback compilation
- Project documentation
- Completed items
- Reflection materials
- Celebration materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 180
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Sample business plans
- Reference materials
- Business plan samples
- Case study materials
- Chart of components

- Presentations - Peer feedback - Oral questions - Project assessment