Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the application areas of visual programming software in solving problems
- Identify uses of applications in daily life
- Appreciate the role of visual programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital device to search for uses of mobile applications and websites
- Study mobile phone screen with various applications
- Discuss application areas: games, animations, money transfer, robotics
- Identify problems solved by each application

How is visual programming used in solving day-to-day problems?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 48
- Digital device with internet
- Computer books
- Mobile phone showing applications
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Introduction to Scratch programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Navigate the Scratch programming interface
- Identify basic components of Scratch
- Show confidence in using visual programming software

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Start Scratch program and identify stage, sprites pane, blocks palette, script area
- Practice navigating different areas of interface
- Explore available blocks and categories
- Create new project and save it

What are the basic components of Scratch programming software?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 50
- Computer with Scratch 3 installed
- Digital projector
- Exercise books
- Scratch interface guide

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating a story (Part 1) - Setting up backdrops and sprites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create and customize backdrops in Scratch
- Insert sprites for a story
- Show creativity in designing visual elements

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Start Scratch and save project as 'Greening the Environment'
- Select and customize backdrops (Desert, text backdrop)
- Insert sprites: Noor, Characters 1, Butterfly 1, Giraffe, Grasshopper
- Verify sprites and backdrops panes

How do we create backdrops and add sprites for a story in Scratch?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 51
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Step-by-step guide
- Examples of projects

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating a story (Part 2) - Adding code blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add code blocks to backdrops and sprites
- Create backdrop switching and sprite behaviors
- Show understanding of event-driven programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Click stage and add blocks for backdrop switching
- Add blocks to sprites (Noor, Characters 1, Butterfly, Giraffe)
- Test story by clicking green flag
- Observe and discuss sprite behaviors

How do we program backdrops and sprites in a story?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 52
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Coding blocks reference
- Examples of scripts

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating a game (Part 1) - Maze game setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a maze game backdrop
- Use drawing tools in Scratch
- Show creativity in game design

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Start Scratch and save as 'The maze game', insert blue sky2 backdrop
- Use Rectangle tool to draw mazes (three vertical, two horizontal)
- Format mazes by removing outlines and arranging appropriately
- Add beetle sprite and set starting position

How do we create a maze game backdrop?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 54
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Game design examples
- Drawing tools guide

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating a game (Part 2) - Programming sprite movement and collision

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Program sprite movement using arrow keys
- Add collision detection to game
- Show problem-solving skills in game programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set sprite movement for all four directions (up, down, left, right arrow keys)
- Add blocks to detect when sprite touches color
- Program sprite to move -10 steps when touching maze
- Test game and discuss observations

How do we program sprite movement and collision detection?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 57
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Movement blocks guide
- Collision detection guide

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating a game (Part 3) - Adding game levels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create multiple game levels
- Design level progression backdrops
- Demonstrate advanced game design skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Create backdrop2 for level two, backdrop3 with 'PROCEED TO LEVEL 2'
- Create backdrop4 with 'SORRY!! You LOST!!'
- Add blocks to beetle sprite to change levels and end game
- Test complete game and refine based on testing

How do we create multiple levels in a game?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 59
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Level design examples
- Testing checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Game evaluation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Part 1) - Solar system setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Set up backdrop for animation
- Download and upload sprites from internet
- Show resourcefulness in gathering animation assets

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Insert space backdrop
- Search internet for planet sprites and save with .PNG extension
- Upload all planet sprites (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
- Add Sun sprite

How do we set up a solar system animation?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 61
- Computer with Scratch 3 and internet
- Digital projector
- List of planet names
- Animation examples

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Part 2) - Programming planets (Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add animation blocks to sprites
- Create orbital motion for planets
- Show precision in animation programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Click Sun sprite and add appropriate blocks to script pane
- Program Mercury's orbital motion
- Program Venus's orbital motion
- Program Earth's orbital motion and test animations

How do we program orbital motion for Sun and inner planets?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 62
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Orbital motion guide
- Animation examples

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Part 2) - Programming planets (Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add animation blocks to sprites
- Create orbital motion for planets
- Show precision in animation programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Click Sun sprite and add appropriate blocks to script pane
- Program Mercury's orbital motion
- Program Venus's orbital motion
- Program Earth's orbital motion and test animations

How do we program orbital motion for Sun and inner planets?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 62
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Orbital motion guide
- Animation examples

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Part 3) - Programming planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Program remaining planets' orbital motions
- Coordinate multiple sprite animations
- Demonstrate animation sequencing skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Program Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune orbital motions
- Add appropriate blocks to each planet sprite
- Test complete solar system animation
- Observe all planets orbiting Sun

How do we complete the solar system animation?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 64
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Complete animation guide
- Solar system reference

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Testing and discussing programs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test program functionality
- Explain what each code block does
- Demonstrate understanding of programming concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Test story, game and animation by clicking green flag
- Discuss what each block in script pane instructs sprites to do
- Explain orbital motions, movements and sprite behaviors
- Write down findings and present to class

How do code blocks control sprite behavior in programs?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 67
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Program analysis guide
- Assessment rubric

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating own application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design and create own application using visual programming
- Apply visual programming skills independently
- Show creativity and innovation in programming

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm ideas for own application (story, game or animation)
- Plan and design the application
- Create application using Scratch following learned techniques
- Test and refine application

How do we create our own application using visual programming?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 68
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Planning templates
- Project guidelines

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Advanced features and techniques

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore advanced features in visual programming
- Create more complex programs
- Demonstrate mastery of visual programming concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Explore additional Scratch features (variables, operators, sensing)
- Create programs with more complex logic and interactions
- Add sound effects and advanced animations to projects
- Test and debug programs

What advanced features can we use in visual programming?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 69
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Digital projector
- Advanced features guide
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Uses in day-to-day life and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Complete assessment on visual programming
- Embrace the use of visual programming in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss applications in money transfer, virtual learning, entertainment, websites
- Explain application in robotics and automation
- Complete assessment exercises covering all aspects learned
- Share experiences with family and reflect on importance

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 69
- Assessment materials
- Digital devices
- QR code for digital exercise
- Examples of applications

- Written tests - Practical work - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Project presentation and portfolio
Materials for Production - Types of waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present completed visual programming projects
- Create portfolio of programs developed
- Show confidence in demonstrating programming skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Prepare presentations of created applications
- Present story, game and animation projects to class
- Compile portfolio of all visual programming work
- Receive feedback and reflect on learning

How do we present our visual programming projects?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 69
- Computer with Scratch 3
- Presentation materials
- Portfolio folder
- Assessment rubric
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 82
- Charts showing waste types
- Gloves and masks
- Waste bins
- Observation sheets

- Presentations - Portfolio - Peer assessment - Observation

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Electronic and construction waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electronic waste and construction waste
- Explain sources of different waste types
- Appreciate the need to properly identify waste

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Identify electronic waste (computers, phones, appliances)
- Discuss construction waste materials
- Visit places around school to identify various types of waste
- Create inventory of e-waste sources

How do we distinguish between different categories of waste?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Pictures of electronic waste
- Construction waste samples
- Digital resources
- E-waste labels

- Observation - Written tests - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Safe handling methods - Composting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
- Observe decomposition process over time

What is composting and why is it important?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Safe handling methods - Composting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
- Observe decomposition process over time

What is composting and why is it important?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Safe handling methods - The 3Rs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the 3Rs of waste management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Apply the 3Rs in handling waste materials
- Develop responsible waste management habits

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss safe ways of handling waste materials
- Practice reducing, reusing, and recycling waste
- Search for information on the 3Rs using digital resources
- Create action plan for implementing 3Rs

How can we apply the 3Rs to manage waste effectively?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Recyclable materials
- Charts on 3Rs
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Written tests - Observation - Practical work

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Incineration and landfills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the incineration process
- Explain how landfills are used for waste disposal
- Understand safety considerations in these methods

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss safe ways of handling waste through controlled burning
- Learn about landfill design and use
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Examine environmental impacts of each method

When should incineration or landfills be used for waste disposal?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of incinerators
- Digital resources
- Charts on waste disposal
- PPEs

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Bio-digestion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
- Calculate potential energy generation from bio-digestion

How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Recycling waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect recyclable materials from the locality
- Make items from recycled waste materials
- Show creativity in recycling projects

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Collect recyclable waste materials with proper PPEs
- Brainstorm on items to make using waste materials
- Make items such as spirit lamps or flower vases
- Display recycled creations and explain process

What useful items can we create from waste materials?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins

- Practical work - Project - Observation

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Materials for Production - Importance of proper waste management
Tools and Production - Identifying holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
- Create awareness campaign on waste management

Why is proper waste management important in our community?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Variety of holding tools (vices, clamps, pliers, tongs, clips)
- Charts showing holding tools
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of vices and clamps
Tools and Production - Types of pliers, clips and tongs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of vices and clamps
- Describe the structure of vices and clamps
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Observe and identify bench vices, hand vices, machine vices
- Study different types of clamps (G-clamp, F-clamp, U-clamp, sash clamp)
- Discuss physical characteristics of each type
- Compare and contrast vice and clamp uses

How do different types of vices and clamps differ in structure?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Different types of vices
- Various clamps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Various pliers
- Different clips
- Types of tongs
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Uses of holding tools
Tools and Production - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the uses of different holding tools
- Select appropriate holding tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the uses of holding tools
- Choose holding tools for different tasks
- Study pictures showing holding tools in use
- Match tools to specific work scenarios

How are different holding tools used in workplaces?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Chart showing uses of holding tools
- Available holding tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Digital devices
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Digital devices with internet
- Safety goggles
- Gloves

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using holding tools to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use vices to hold workpieces when cutting
- Use clamps to hold pieces together
- Apply correct techniques in using holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Hold a piece of wood using a bench vice when cutting
- Hold two pieces of wood using a G-clamp
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct grip and positioning

How do we use holding tools to perform various tasks safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Bench vice
- G-clamp
- Pieces of wood
- Handsaw
- Wood glue
- Workbench

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using pliers, clips and tongs
Tools and Production - Care and importance of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use pliers to grip and bend wire
- Use clips to hold papers on drawing boards
- Use tongs to hold hot workpieces safely

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Grip and bend a wire using pliers
- Hold drawing paper onto a drawing board using paper clips
- Hold a hot workpiece using tongs
- Share experiences on the use of holding tools

How are pliers, clips and tongs used in practical tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 99
- Needle nose pliers
- Wire
- Paper clips
- Drawing board
- Crucible tongs
- Bunsen burner
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 100
- Holding tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Oil can
- Tool box or rack
- Dust cover

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services
Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about business journey and financial institution support
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped business succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
- Describe how government promotes economic development and infrastructure
- Appreciate the government's role in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss government involvement in infrastructure, defense, subsidies and regulation
- Study role of Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)
- Examine government involvement in mining, energy and vital documents processing
- Make short notes and present to class

Why is it important for the government to get involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of complying with government regulations in business
- Describe consequences of non-compliance
- Acknowledge the need to comply with government regulations in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss consequences of selling sub-standard or expired goods
- Study that compliance prevents penalties and builds trust
- Examine how compliance provides fair competition and opens opportunities
- Discuss how compliance protects consumers and employees

Why is it important to comply with government regulations in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Case study analysis - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation