Numbers and Algebra
Measurements and Geometry
Measurements and Geometry

Quadratic Expressions and Equations - Applying quadratic equations to real-life situations
Quadratic Expressions and Equations - Problem solving with quadratic equations
Similarity and Enlargement - Determining centre of enlargement
Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply quadratic equations to solve real-life problems
- Interpret solutions in context
- Use quadratic equations to solve problems involving areas, consecutive numbers and profit

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Form and solve quadratic equations from word problems
- Interpret and validate solutions
- Work out real-life application problems

How are quadratic equations applied in real-life situations?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 54
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 56
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 57
- Geometrical instruments
- Maps

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Constructing images (positive scale factor)
Similarity and Enlargement - Constructing images (negative scale factor)
Similarity and Enlargement - Area scale factor
Similarity and Enlargement - Volume scale factor
Similarity and Enlargement - Relating L.S.F, A.S.F and V.S.F
Similarity and Enlargement - Real-life applications
Similarity and Enlargement - Project on models
Reflection and Congruence - Lines of symmetry in plane figures
Reflection and Congruence - Properties of reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct the image of an object given centre and positive scale factor
- Draw enlargements on a plane surface
- Relate enlargement to photography and photocopying

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw on a plane surface the images of objects under enlargement
- Use ruler and compass to construct images
- Discuss applications in photography

How do we construct enlarged images accurately?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 61
- Graph papers
- Geometrical set
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 62
- Cartesian plane grids
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 64
- Similar plane figures
- Calculators
- Manila paper
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 66
- Models of similar solids
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 68
- Models of solids
- Reference books
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 72
- Maps
- Scale models
- Calculators
- Manila paper
- Cardboard
- Scissors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 75
- Paper cut-outs
- Plane mirrors
- Objects from environment
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 78
- Tracing paper
- Graph papers

- Observation - Written assignments - Practical assessment

Measurements and Geometry

Reflection and Congruence - Reflection on plane surface
Reflection and Congruence - Reflection on Cartesian plane (x-axis and y-axis)
Reflection and Congruence - Reflection along lines y=x and y=-x
Reflection and Congruence - Reflection along other lines
Reflection and Congruence - Determining equation of mirror line
Reflection and Congruence - Congruence tests (SSS and SAS)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw an image given object and mirror line on plane surface
- Construct perpendicular bisectors accurately
- Apply reflection in creating symmetric designs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw plane figures and mirror lines on paper
- Use properties of reflection to locate images
- Create symmetric patterns using reflection

How do we construct images under reflection?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 79
- Plain paper
- Geometrical instruments
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 82
- Graph papers
- Geometrical set
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 84
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 85
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 86
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 89
- Paper cut-outs

- Practical assessment - Written tests - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Reflection and Congruence - Congruence tests (ASA and RHS)
Reflection and Congruence - Applications in real life
Rotation - Properties of rotation
Rotation - Rotation on plane surface
Rotation - Rotation through ±90° about origin
Rotation - Rotation through ±180° about origin
Rotation - Rotation about other centres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Carry out congruence tests using ASA and RHS
- Prove triangles are congruent
- Apply congruence in geometric proofs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use triangles to establish ASA congruence
- Test for RHS congruence in right-angled triangles
- Solve problems involving congruence

How do we prove triangles are congruent?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 91
- Paper cut-outs
- Protractors
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 95
- Plane mirrors
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 97
- Improvised clock
- Paper cut-outs
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 99
- Plain paper
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 103
- Graph papers
- Geometrical set
- Calculators
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 105
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Rotation - Finding centre and angle of rotation
Rotation - Rotational symmetry of plane figures
Rotation - Axis and order of rotational symmetry in solids
Rotation - Deducing congruence from rotation
Trigonometry 1 - Reading tangent from tables
Trigonometry 1 - Reading sine and cosine from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine centre and angle of rotation given object and image
- Construct perpendicular bisectors accurately
- Apply construction skills in solving problems

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Join corresponding points
- Construct perpendicular bisectors
- Locate centre and measure angle of rotation

How do we find the centre and angle of rotation?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 106
- Graph papers
- Geometrical instruments
- Protractors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 110
- Paper cut-outs
- Pins
- Manila paper
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 113
- Models of solids
- Objects from environment
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 115
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 120
- Mathematical tables
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 122

- Written tests - Practical activities - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Trigonometry 1 - Using calculators for trigonometric ratios
Trigonometry 1 - Complementary angle relationships
Trigonometry 1 - Relating sine, cosine and tangent
Trigonometry 1 - Ratios of 45°
Trigonometry 1 - Ratios of 30° and 60°
Trigonometry 1 - Problems involving special angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine trigonometric ratios using calculators
- Find angles given trigonometric ratios
- Compare calculator and table values

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set calculator to degree mode
- Find sin, cos, tan of angles
- Use inverse functions to find angles

How do we use calculators for trigonometric ratios?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 126
- Scientific calculators
- Mathematical tables
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 128
- Mathematical tables
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 129
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 130
- Geometrical instruments
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 131
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 132
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Trigonometry 1 - Angle of elevation
Trigonometry 1 - Angle of depression
Trigonometry 1 - Applications in real life
Area of Polygons - Deriving area formula
Area of Polygons - Calculating area using Area = ½abSinC
Area of Polygons - Heron's formula

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define angle of elevation
- Use clinometer to measure angles of elevation
- Calculate heights of buildings, trees and towers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use clinometer to measure angles
- Sketch diagrams showing angles of elevation
- Calculate unknown heights

What is angle of elevation and how do we use it?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 133
- Clinometer
- Measuring tape
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 134
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 136
- Reference books
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 137
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 138
- Calculators
- Mathematical tables
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 139

- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of Polygons - Area of rhombus
Area of Polygons - Area of parallelogram and trapezium
Area of Polygons - Area of heptagon
Area of Polygons - Area of octagon
Area of Polygons - Irregular polygons
Area of Polygons - Real-life applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of rhombus using diagonals
- Calculate area using base and height
- Apply to real-life situations like floor tiles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify rhombuses in environment
- Calculate areas using Area = ½d₁d₂
- Solve practical problems

How do we calculate the area of a rhombus?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 143
- Models of rhombus
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 147
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 152
- Paper cut-outs
- Calculators
- Protractors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 156
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 159
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 163
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Practical activities - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Annulus
Area of a Part of a Circle - Area of sector
Area of a Part of a Circle - Annular sector
Area of a Part of a Circle - Segment of a circle
Area of a Part of a Circle - Problems on segments
Area of a Part of a Circle - Intersecting circles (introduction)
Area of a Part of a Circle - Calculating common area

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define annulus and its components
- Calculate area of annulus
- Apply to circular paths and rings

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw concentric circles
- Calculate area of annulus using πR² - πr²
- Solve practical problems

What is an annulus and how do we calculate its area?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 166
- Compasses
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 167
- Paper
- Scissors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 170
- Diagrams
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 172
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 174
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 176
- Rulers
- Graph papers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 177
- Geometrical instruments

- Written tests - Practical activities - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Complex problems
Area of a Part of a Circle - Making dartboard and necklaces
Area of a Part of a Circle - Review and assessment
Surface Area and Volume - Rectangular prism
Surface Area and Volume - Triangular and other prisms
Surface Area and Volume - Pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve complex problems on intersecting circles
- Calculate shaded regions
- Apply to decorative patterns and designs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Solve problems involving common regions
- Calculate shaded areas
- Research applications in design

Where do we use intersecting circles in real life?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 179
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 180
- Cardboard
- Beads
- Paints
- Compasses
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 181
- Calculators
- Past papers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 182
- Models of prisms
- Nets
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 185
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 191
- Models of pyramids

- Written assignments - Project work - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Cones
Surface Area and Volume - Frustum of cone
Surface Area and Volume - Frustum of pyramid
Surface Area and Volume - Spheres and hemispheres
Surface Area and Volume - Composite solids
Surface Area and Volume - Volume of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate surface area of cones
- Use formulas for curved surface and base
- Apply to ice cream cones and funnels

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make cone models from manila paper
- Calculate curved surface area πrl
- Calculate total surface area

How do we calculate surface area of cones?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 193
- Manila paper
- Compasses
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 195
- Cone models
- Scissors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 197
- Models
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 200
- Spherical objects
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 202
- Models of composite solids
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 205
- Cone and cylinder models
- Sand/water

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Volume of prisms and pyramids
Surface Area and Volume - Volume of spheres and hemispheres
Surface Area and Volume - Volume of frustums
Surface Area and Volume - Composite solids volume
Vectors I - Introduction to vectors
Vectors I - Vector notation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate volume of various prisms
- Calculate volume of pyramids using ⅓Bh
- Apply to buildings and storage

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate volumes of prisms
- Apply pyramid volume formula
- Solve real-life problems

How do we calculate volumes of prisms and pyramids?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 206
- Models of solids
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 210
- Spherical objects
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 212
- Models
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 216
- Models of composite solids
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 220
- Charts
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 221
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Equivalent vectors
Vectors I - Adding vectors
Vectors I - Scalar multiplication
Vectors I - Column vectors
Vectors I - Position vectors
Vectors I - Magnitude of a vector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify equivalent vectors
- Determine conditions for equivalent vectors
- Find equivalent vectors in shapes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify vectors with same magnitude and direction
- Use grids to compare vectors
- Identify equivalent vectors in solids

When are two vectors equivalent?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 223
- Graph papers
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 225
- Rulers
- Protractors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 228
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 230
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 234

- Written assignments - Practical work - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Midpoint of a vector
Vectors I - Translation as transformation
Vectors I - Applications and problems
Linear Motion - Basic terms
Linear Motion - Calculating velocity and acceleration
Linear Motion - Drawing displacement-time graphs
Linear Motion - Interpreting displacement-time graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine midpoint of a vector
- Use midpoint formula
- Apply in geometry problems

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate midpoint coordinates
- Use formula (x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2
- Solve problems involving midpoints

How do we find the midpoint of a vector?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 238
- Graph papers
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 240
- Geometrical instruments
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 242
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 244
- Stopwatches
- Measuring tapes
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 246
- Measuring tapes
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 247
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 249

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Measurements and Geometry
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Probability

Linear Motion - Drawing velocity-time graphs
Linear Motion - Interpreting velocity-time graphs
Linear Motion - Relative speed (opposite directions)
Linear Motion - Relative speed (same direction)
Linear Motion - Real-life applications
Statistics I - Meaning of data and data sources
Statistics I - Methods of data collection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw velocity-time graphs
- Plot data correctly
- Represent different motion types

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record velocity and time data
- Plot velocity-time graphs
- Draw graphs from given information

How do we draw velocity-time graphs?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 253
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 256
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 261
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 263
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 265
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 268
- Reference books
- Questionnaires
- Tally sheets
- Measuring instruments

- Written assignments - Practical work - Observation

Statistics and Probability

Statistics I - Frequency distribution table for ungrouped data
Statistics I - Frequency distribution table for grouped data
Statistics I - Mean of ungrouped data
Statistics I - Mode and median of ungrouped data
Statistics I - Mean of grouped data
Statistics I - Mode of grouped data
Statistics I - Median of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Organise data into a frequency distribution table
- Use tally marks to record frequencies
- Relate frequency tables to organising survey results in market research

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Measure heights of classmates and record measurements
- Prepare a frequency distribution table using tally marks
- Share and discuss work with classmates

How do we organise data using frequency distribution tables?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 268
- Tape measures
- Tally sheets
- Graph paper
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 270
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 272
- Weighing scales
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 273
- Number cards
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 277
- Mathematical tables
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 278
- Charts
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 280

- Written exercises - Observation - Oral questions