Natural and Historic Built Environments

Maps and Map Work - Types of maps and position of Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the three types of maps (sketch map, topographical map, atlas map)
- Describe the position of Africa in relation to other continents
- Appreciate the location of Africa on the world map

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm the types of maps and share findings in class
- Use an atlas to find the position of Africa in relation to other continents
- Identify water bodies bordering Africa (Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea) and describe Africa's position using compass directions

How are maps used?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 90
- Atlas
- Digital devices
- Wall maps

- Oral questions - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Maps and Map Work - Shape and size of Africa
Maps and Map Work - Using latitudes and longitudes to locate places

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the shape and size of Africa
- Draw an outline map of Africa and indicate its countries
- Appreciate the diversity of countries that make up Africa

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study a sketch map of Africa and identify its shape
- Use an atlas to find out the size of Africa
- Draw an outline map of Africa, indicate countries, and display in class

How large is Africa compared to other continents?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 90
- Atlas
- Blank paper
- Pencils
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 94
- Map of Africa
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Maps and Map Work - Practice using latitudes and longitudes
Maps and Map Work - Calculating time using longitudes
Maps and Map Work - Practice calculating time differences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Give the location of various places using latitudes and longitudes
- Identify places on a map using given coordinates
- Appreciate the usefulness of latitudes and longitudes in locating places

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use latitudes and longitudes to locate Tunis, Chad, Johannesburg, Lake Kivu, Mt Kenya, Lake Victoria, and Atlas Mountains on the map of Africa
- Identify places lying on given coordinates (e.g. 10°N 10°W; 3°S 30°E)
- Present findings on a chart and discuss in class

How do we accurately describe the location of places on a map?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 95
- Atlas
- Map of Africa
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 97
- Calculators
- Reference books
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 98
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Maps and Map Work - Key features in Africa: mountains and rivers
Maps and Map Work - Key features in Africa: lakes, islands and waterfalls

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate key mountain and river features in Africa using latitudes and longitudes
- Explain the importance of key mountain and river features in Africa
- Appreciate the significance of key physical features in Africa

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm key features in Africa in terms of mountains and rivers
- Use latitudes and longitudes to locate River Nile and Sahara Desert on the map of Africa
- Use textbooks or digital devices to find the importance of these key features

What are the key physical features in Africa and why are they important?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 100
- Atlas
- Wall maps
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Maps and Map Work - Key features: Great Rift Valley and Congo Basin
Earth and the Solar System - Origin of the earth
Earth and the Solar System - Size, shape and position of the earth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the Great Rift Valley and Congo Basin on a map of Africa
- Explain the significance of the Great Rift Valley and Congo Basin
- Appreciate the importance of Africa's key geographical features

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Locate the Great Rift Valley and Congo Basin on the map using latitudes and longitudes
- Discuss the importance of these features to Africa and the world
- Draw a map of Africa showing all key features studied

Why are the Great Rift Valley and Congo Basin significant geographical features in Africa?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 100
- Atlas
- Wall maps
- Reference books
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 105
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Drawing paper
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 107
- Clay/plasticine

- Observation - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Earth and the Solar System - Effects of rotation on human activities
Earth and the Solar System - Effects of revolution on human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of rotation of the earth
- Examine the effects of the rotation of the earth on human activities
- Appreciate how rotation of the earth influences everyday life

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the meanings of rotation and revolution of the earth
- Use reference books and online resources to research effects of the earth's rotation on human activities
- Study pictures and identify human activities affected by rotation (fishing, transport, tourism)

How does the rotation of the earth affect human activities?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 109
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 110
- Chart paper

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Earth and the Solar System - Internal structure of the earth
Weather - Elements of weather in the environment
Weather - Instruments for measuring elements of weather

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate the internal structure of the earth
- Describe the layers of the earth (crust, mantle, core)
- Appreciate the effects of rotation and revolution of the earth on human activities

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study the picture of the internal structure of the earth and describe it
- Complete a table describing the layers of the earth (crust, mantle, core)
- Draw, label, and display a diagram of the internal structure of the earth

What is the earth made of inside?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 113
- Reference books
- Drawing paper
- Clay
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 116
- Digital devices
- Chart paper
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 120
- Resource persons

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather - Constructing instruments for measuring weather
Weather - Significance of weather to the human environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct selected instruments for measuring elements of weather
- Describe how a rain gauge works
- Show creativity in constructing weather instruments

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use locally available materials to construct selected weather instruments (rain gauge, wind vane, windsock)
- Peer assess the constructed instruments
- Create a chart showing weather conditions recorded in the locality for one week and display it

How can we measure elements of weather in our school?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 122
- Locally available materials
- Measuring cylinders
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 125
- Reference books
- Digital devices

- Observation - Peer assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather - Responding to different weather conditions
Fieldwork - Methods of data collection
Fieldwork - Practising data collection methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Respond appropriately to different weather conditions in the environment
- Discuss how to adapt to varied weather conditions
- Appreciate the importance of adapting to weather changes

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm on the significance of weather to the human environment and how to respond to varied weather conditions
- Discuss factors considered when constructing and siting a weather station in the school compound
- Create a report on weather conditions observed in the locality and share in class

How can we predict and respond to changes in weather conditions?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 128
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Notebooks
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 131
- Reference books
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 134
- Notebooks
- Questionnaire templates

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Fieldwork - Challenges in carrying out fieldwork
Fieldwork - Solutions to challenges in fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore challenges encountered when carrying out fieldwork
- Suggest possible solutions to challenges in fieldwork
- Show awareness of safety concerns during fieldwork

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss possible solutions to challenges in fieldwork (limited access, unfavourable weather, unreliable data, insecurity, limited funds, language barrier)
- Listen to a resource person share stories about challenges encountered during fieldwork
- Brainstorm possible solutions to the challenges identified

What challenges might we face during fieldwork and how can we overcome them?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 135
- Resource persons
- Reference books
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 136
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Notebooks

- Oral questions - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Fieldwork - Data analysis: mean and median
Fieldwork - Data analysis: mode, percentage and range
Fieldwork - Steps of carrying out fieldwork research

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate methods of data analysis after fieldwork
- Calculate the mean and median from given data
- Show interest in analysing data collected in fieldwork

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Match data analysis terms with their correct meanings (mean, median, mode, range, percentage)
- Calculate the mean and median of milk production data from the table provided
- Present calculation steps on a chart

How do we make sense of data collected during fieldwork?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 138
- Calculators
- Reference books
- Notebooks
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 142
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Oral questions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Fieldwork - Planning and preparing for fieldwork
Fieldwork - Carrying out fieldwork and collecting data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan and prepare adequately for a fieldwork study
- Identify a topic for fieldwork and state objectives
- Show responsibility in preparing for fieldwork

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Identify a topic for fieldwork study in the school environment
- State the problem statement and objectives of the fieldwork
- Identify the location, and prepare tools and data collection methods for the fieldwork

How do we plan and prepare to carry out effective fieldwork?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 142
- Notebooks
- Digital devices
- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 143
- Data collection tools
- Notebooks

- Observation - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Fieldwork - Analysing and sharing fieldwork findings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse and present fieldwork data using appropriate methods
- Share fieldwork study findings in class
- Value fieldwork in investigating phenomena in the immediate environment

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Analyse data collected during fieldwork using appropriate methods (mean, median, mode, percentage, range)
- Present data using appropriate charts or tables
- Share fieldwork study findings with the class

How do we share and communicate what we have found in our fieldwork?

- Moran Social Studies Grade 7 pg. 144
- Calculators
- Chart paper
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa - Roles of European groups in the 'Scramble for and Partition' of Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define scramble for and partition of Africa
- Identify European groups that participated in scramble for Africa
- Show interest in learning about African political history

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm on the terms "Scramble for and Partition of Africa" and make presentations
- Discuss the roles of European groups in the 'Scramble for and Partition' of Africa
- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for information on roles played by European groups

How did developments in Europe influence the scramble and partition of Africa?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141
- Digital resources
- Approved textbooks
- Maps of Africa

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa - How European powers performed roles in scramble and partition
Political Development in Africa - Terms of the Berlin Conference 1884-1885 on partitioning of Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain roles played by European powers in scramble for Africa
- Describe how European powers conquered African territories
- Demonstrate understanding of colonial exploitation

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find out roles played by Britain, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Italy
- Discuss how European powers conquered territories, signed treaties, and exploited resources
- Role-play the roles of European groups in scramble for and partition of Africa

What methods did European powers use to acquire African territories?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
- Digital resources
- Role-play materials
- Charts and posters
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
- Video clips
- Poster materials

- Role-play assessment - Written tests - Oral presentations

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa - Implications of colonial rule on African nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify implications of colonial rule on African nations
- Classify effects as positive and negative
- Demonstrate understanding of colonial legacy

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use print media or digital sources to find information on impact of colonialism
- Match effects of colonial rule with their evidence
- Design charts showing effects of colonial rule on African countries

What were the consequences of colonial rule in Africa?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146
- Digital resources
- Charts and markers
- Map of Africa

- Charts - Written assignments - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa - Advocating for elimination of neo-colonialism through good governance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define neo-colonialism
- Explain reasons for eliminating neo-colonialism
- Demonstrate commitment to promoting good governance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm the meaning of neo-colonialism
- Use print media or digital devices to find out why neo-colonialism should be eliminated
- Compose songs on elimination of neo-colonialism through good governance

How can good governance help eliminate neo-colonialism?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148
- Digital resources
- Song composition materials
- Charts showing reasons

- Songs - Project work - Journal entries

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Importance of the Constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of the Constitution of Kenya
- Identify key provisions in the Constitution
- Appreciate the role of the Constitution in governance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm some of the rules in the Constitution of Kenya
- Engage a resource person on the importance of the constitution
- Use textbooks or digital devices to find information about importance of constitution
- Watch video clip on promulgation of constitution

Why should a country have a constitution?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 151
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Charts

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution for social cohesion
The Constitution of Kenya - National values as provided in the Constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution
- Explain the role of different organs in protecting the Constitution
- Value the importance of constitutional protection

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find out ways in which the constitution is respected and protected
- Match different organs with how they uphold and protect the Constitution
- Perform a skit to show how constitution is respected and protected

Why should we uphold and protect the Constitution?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 153
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Resource person
- Role-play materials
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Puzzles
- Slogan materials

- Role-play assessment - Written tests - Observation

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding and protecting the Constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a class constitution
- Explain individual responsibility in upholding the Constitution
- Value constitutional governance

- Study pictures showing how learners uphold and protect the constitution
- Design a sample constitution for the class
- Write a pledge to uphold and respect the constitution

How can we participate in upholding the Constitution?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Design materials
- Sample constitutions

- Class constitution - Pledges - Posters

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Creating awareness on constitutional values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create posters on importance of Constitution
- Communicate constitutional values to community
- Demonstrate active citizenship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Design posters on importance of Constitution, ways of upholding it, and national values
- Display posters in class and school
- Use slogans to encourage school community to uphold national values

How can we promote constitutional awareness in our community?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Poster materials
- Display boards
- Cardboard boxes

- Posters - Community project - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Classification of human rights as stipulated in human rights instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify human rights instruments
- Classify human rights into three categories
- Appreciate human rights documentation

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm human rights and how they are classified
- Match human rights classifications with explanations
- Study Constitution of Kenya and classify rights into civil/political, socio-economic/cultural, and solidarity rights

Why is it important to know our rights?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 159
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Charts and posters

- Oral questions - Posters - Written tests

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Characteristics of human rights in the society
Human Rights - Concept of equity and non-discrimination in fostering solidarity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of human rights
- Explain universal nature of human rights
- Value human rights principles

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm characteristics of human rights
- Solve riddles about characteristics of human rights
- Use tree diagram to present characteristics of human rights

What makes human rights universal and inalienable?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 161
- Tree diagram materials
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 163
- Pictures showing equity
- Skit materials

- Tree diagrams - Oral questions - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Actions that promote equity and non-discrimination for social justice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify areas lacking equity in the locality
- Suggest actions to promote equity and non-discrimination
- Demonstrate commitment to social justice

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm how to promote equity and non-discrimination in given scenarios
- Find out areas where equity is not applied in locality
- Develop slogans that promote equity and non-discrimination for social justice

What can we do to ensure equal opportunities for all?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Slogan materials
- Display boards
- Community survey tools

- Slogans - Community projects - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Valuing human rights for promotion of human dignity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of valuing human rights
- Apply human rights values in daily life
- Demonstrate respect for human dignity

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Share characteristics of human rights and their teachings
- Discuss ways of valuing human rights
- Practice valuing human rights and journal experiences

How can we promote respect for human rights in our community?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 165
- Journals
- Digital resources
- Case study materials

- Journal entries - Observation - Written tests

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Factors that contributed to the presence of African diasporas across the world

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define African diaspora
- Identify factors that led to movement of Africans to other continents
- Appreciate African diaspora contributions

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm the meaning of African diaspora
- Use reference books or digital devices to find factors that led to movement of people from Africa
- Play the game "I am moving from Africa" and share reasons for migration

How can we promote collaboration between continental Africans and African Diasporas?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 168
- Pictures of African diasporas
- Digital resources
- Game materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Countries inhabited by African diasporas by 1960 on world map
African Diasporas - Role of diasporas in political development in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate countries inhabited by African diasporas by 1960
- Identify countries with highest diaspora populations
- Demonstrate map skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use reference books or digital devices to find countries inhabited by African diasporas by 1960
- Study world map and identify countries labelled A, B, C (USA, Brazil, France)
- Draw sketch map of world and locate countries inhabited by African diasporas

Which countries had the largest African diaspora populations by 1960?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 170
- World maps and atlas
- Drawing materials
- Digital resources
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 171
- Pictures of Marcus Garvey and Booker T. Washington
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Map work - Sketches - Oral presentations

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - African diasporas and promotion of African unity in society today

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways diasporas promote African unity
- Explain contributions of diasporas to community development
- Demonstrate appreciation for diaspora contributions

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Share contributions of African diasporas in the community
- Study pictures and identify how African diasporas contribute to unity
- Create slogans for how African diasporas promote unity in society

How can we promote African Unity in society today?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 173
- Pictures showing diaspora contributions
- Slogan materials
- Digital resources

- Slogans - Observation - Oral presentations

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Comprehensive understanding of African diasporas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Name African diasporas from the community
- Model a world map showing diaspora settlements
- Write essays on diaspora contributions

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Name African diasporas from the community and their host countries
- Discuss contributions of diasporas in political development
- Model a map of the world and mark countries where African diasporas have settled

What is the overall impact of African diasporas on Africa?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 174
- Modeling materials
- World map outline
- Essay writing materials

- Map models - Written essays - Project work

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Reasons for interconnectedness and interdependence among countries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define interconnectedness, interdependence and global citizen
- Explain why countries are interconnected and interdependent
- Appreciate global cooperation

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss meanings of interdependence, interconnectedness and global citizen
- Use textbooks or digital devices to find countries that relate with Kenya
- Read information about how countries are interconnected and explain reasons
- Compose songs on reasons for interconnectedness

How do countries connect and depend on each other in the world today?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 176
- Digital resources
- Charts and diagrams
- Song composition materials

- Songs - Written tests - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Effects of globalisation at local and national levels
Citizenship - Qualities of a global citizen in modern society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define globalisation
- Identify positive and negative effects of globalisation
- Demonstrate understanding of global issues

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm the meaning of globalisation
- Investigate benefits and negative effects of globalisation on local community
- Make tables showing positive and negative effects of globalisation
- Compose and recite poems on effects of globalisation

Which are the common concerns in the world today?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 178
- Pictures showing globalisation
- Digital resources
- Poetry materials
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 180
- Crossword puzzles
- Sketching materials
- Digital resources

- Tables - Poems - Observation

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Creating awareness on effects of globalisation at national and global levels
Citizenship - Contributing to international community while maintaining loyalty to own country

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of globalisation at national and global levels
- Create awareness materials on globalisation
- Demonstrate communication skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Share positive and negative effects of globalisation
- Brainstorm ways to create awareness on effects of globalisation
- Create flashcards with communication messages on effects of globalisation

How can we educate others about globalisation?

- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 182
- Flashcard materials
- Camera or phone
- Social media access
- Moran Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 183
- Tree planting materials
- Anthem lyrics
- Digital resources
- Journals

- Flashcards - Photography - Community projects