Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems in the locality
Project - Brainstorming on solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore the locality to identify problems
- List problems affecting the community
- Show awareness of community needs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit the school locality to identify problems
- Conduct observations and interviews
- Consult people in the community about challenges they face
- Record information gathered

What problems in our locality can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 121
- Notebook
- Pen
- Digital devices for recording
- List of problems from previous lesson
- Exercise book

- Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting an item to make

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss possible items to solve the identified problem
- Select an appropriate item to make
- Demonstrate creative thinking

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the problem in detail
- Brainstorm on items that can be made (e.g., waste bins, compost pit, incinerator)
- Select one item using available materials
- Use digital devices to identify suitable items

What item can we make to solve the identified problem?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 122
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book
- Pen

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Project - Sketching and planning
Project - Obtaining materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the item to be made
- List materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sketch the item (e.g., innovative waste bin)
- Discuss the sketch with group members
- Identify materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

How do we plan for making the project item?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 122
- Drawing materials
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Calculator
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 123
- Locally available materials
- Waste materials
- Digital devices for photos
- Transport materials

- Portfolio - Observation - Practical work

Tools and Production

Project - Implementation phase 1

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop a project implementation plan
- Discuss safety precautions
- Begin making the item

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Come up with a plan for the project with timelines
- Discuss safety precautions to observe
- Share roles among group members
- Begin making the item

How do we safely implement our project plan?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 123
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Project plan

- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Project - Implementation phase 2
Project - Implementation phase 3

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue making the project item
- Apply skills learned in previous lessons
- Work collaboratively in groups

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Continue with making the item following the plan
- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Use appropriate tools correctly
- Monitor progress against timeline

How is our project progressing?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 123
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 124
- Paint and labels
- Cleaning materials

- Practical work - Observation - Progress checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Costing and pricing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate total cost of producing the item
- Determine selling price with markup
- Understand basic pricing concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get the sum total of all expenses incurred
- Calculate break-even price
- Add markup percentage to determine selling price
- Understand profit calculation

How do we determine the price for our project item?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 124
- Cost records
- Calculator
- Exercise book
- Pen

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Project - Presentation and feedback

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present the finished item
- Explain how the item solves the problem
- Receive and respond to feedback

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Display the finished product to other groups
- Explain the problem and how the item solves it
- Receive comments and feedback
- Use feedback to improve the item

How effectively does our item solve the identified problem?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 124
- Finished project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Community education
Project - Marketing and production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Educate the community on using the item
- Demonstrate how to use the item properly
- Promote community awareness

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Educate the community on how to use the item
- Demonstrate proper use of the waste disposal bin
- Discuss benefits to the community
- Answer questions from community members

How do we help the community use our project item effectively?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 125
- Finished project item
- Demonstration materials
- Information leaflets
- Production materials
- Marketing materials
- Record keeping book

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Project - Solving other community problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify other problems in the community
- Discuss solutions using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Show commitment to community service

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Refer to list of problems from beginning of project
- Find out how other problems can be solved
- Discuss ways to apply skills to solve problems
- Plan future projects

What other problems can we solve using our skills?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 125
- List of community problems
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Project - Recording problem-solving experiences
Project - Portfolio compilation phase 1

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document problems solved
- Record skills applied
- Share experiences with others

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record problems solved in a table
- Document Pre-Technical skills applied
- Share experiences with classmates
- Reflect on learning

How can we document our problem-solving journey?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project portfolio
- Digital devices
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 122
- All project documents
- Photographs
- File folder
- Labels

- Portfolio - Written assignments - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Portfolio compilation phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write project report
- Document challenges and solutions
- Complete project portfolio

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Write a detailed project report
- Document challenges faced and how they were overcome
- Include feedback received
- Finalize project portfolio

What should our project report include?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project documentation
- Feedback forms

- Written assignments - Portfolio - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Project - Reflection on learning phase 1
Project - Reflection on learning phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Reflect on skills acquired during the project
- Identify strengths and areas for improvement
- Appreciate collaborative work

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review all project work
- Discuss skills learned
- Identify what went well and what could be improved
- Share reflections with group members

What did we learn from this project experience?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 126
- Project portfolio
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Reflection guide

- Self-assessment - Oral questions - Written reflection

Tools and Production

Project - Final presentation preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare comprehensive project presentation
- Organize presentation materials
- Practice presentation skills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare presentation slides or charts
- Organize all project materials for display
- Rehearse presentation with group members
- Prepare to answer questions

How do we prepare an effective project presentation?

- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 124
- Presentation materials
- Project item
- Portfolio
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Practice assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens
pg. 130
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Case study on financial services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about Wanyonyi's business journey
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped Wanyonyi succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan how to utilize financial services for business development
- Select appropriate financial institutions for specific business needs
- Value financial services in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify a business idea
- Determine financial institutions to visit and services needed
- Write a short report on findings
- Present report to teacher for assessment

What financial services would you utilize to start and develop a business?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices
pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects

- Written reports - Observation - Oral questions - Self assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways in which the government is involved in business
- Explain legislation, regulation and government investment in business
- Value government support for business development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for ways government is involved in business
- Discuss legislation, regulation, government investment, subsidies and training
- Examine promotion of industrialization, SMEs and Special Economic Zones
- Make notes and present findings

In which ways is the government involved in business?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - E-Government services in business
Government and Business - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about Syombua's experience with Huduma Centre and e-Citizen
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information
pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship
Business Plan - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
pg. 150
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study example business plan 'Mateka Pens Business Plan'
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 153
- Example business plan (Mateka Pens)
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project
Business Plan - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans
pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

- Oxford Bk 9
pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise