Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define change of state of matter
- Identify different states of matter
- Show interest in changes of state of matter

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study the narrative about Caleb's observations when heating ice cubes
- Discuss the changes observed as the ice melts and evaporates
- Brainstorm on the meaning of change of state of matter
- Identify the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas)

How does matter change from one state to another?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 43
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing different states of matter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify changes of state when substances are heated
- Describe the process of melting
- Show curiosity about changes of state

- Demonstrate the process of freezing
- Observe change from liquid to solid
- Describe the effect of cooling on matter

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe a candle in its solid state
- Light the candle and observe what happens
- Discuss the change from solid to liquid state
- Record observations in notebooks
- Define melting as change from solid to liquid
- Observe a refrigerator/freezer
- Discuss what happens to water when placed in a freezer
- Study melted candle wax or cooking fat as it cools
- Observe the transition from liquid to solid
- Define freezing

What happens when solid substances are heated?
What happens when liquids are cooled?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 45
- Candles
- Matchsticks
- Aluminum foil
- Safety equipment
- Water
- Sufuria
- Heat source
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 47
- Mothballs
- Beaker with lid
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 48
- Pan with lid
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 49
- Candles
- Cooking fat
- Spoon
- Safety equipment
- Mothballs
- Clear plastic cup
- Ice cubes
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 51
- Pictures showing applications of state change
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical skills - Oral questions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written records

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Search for information on applications of change of state
- Identify examples of state change in the environment
- Value the practical applications of scientific knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for applications of change of state
- Take a walk around the school environment
- Identify examples of heating and cooling applications
- Discuss findings with classmates

What are some applications of change of state in our school environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 53
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Writing materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 54
- Waste candle wax
- Wicks/string
- Small narrow bottles
- Melting container
- Safety equipment

- Oral presentations - Written work - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter
Change of state - Home application project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Repair broken plastic containers
- Apply knowledge of melting and freezing
- Practice safety when working with heat

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare a broken plastic container for repair
- Place a metal plate on a heated source
- Use the hot plate to fuse broken edges together
- Allow the plastic to cool completely
- Follow safety precautions throughout the process

How can we use the principle of melting to repair plastic items?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 55
- Broken plastic containers
- Metal plate
- Heat source
- Safety equipment (gloves, masks, goggles)
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Notebooks
- Writing materials
- Digital devices (if available)

- Project assessment - Practical skills - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Uses of changes of state of matter
Change of state - Assessment
Change of state - Self-assessment
Composition of air - Composition of air in the atmosphere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the uses of changes of state in our lives
- Explain how life would be affected without changes of state
- Appreciate the importance of state changes in daily life

- Evaluate their understanding of changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and improvement
- Show reflection on their learning

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the uses of changes of state in our lives
- Brainstorm on how people would be affected if changes of state were not possible
- Create a mind map showing applications of state changes
- Present findings to classmates
- Complete self-assessment exercises on changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and weakness
- Discuss with peers areas needing improvement
- Create a plan for improving understanding

Why are changes of state important in our daily lives?
How well do I understand the changes of state of matter?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Chart paper
- Writing materials
- Digital devices (if available)
- Assessment worksheets
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Writing materials
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 57
- Chart showing components of air
- Digital devices

- Mind map assessment - Oral presentations - Group discussions
- Self-assessment - Peer assessment - Reflective writing

Matter

Composition of air - Composition of air in the atmosphere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the percentages of different components in air
- Draw a pie chart showing composition of air
- Appreciate the importance of different air components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Examine the size of different colored sections in the chart
- Determine which components take the largest and smallest percentages
- Learn the exact percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases
- Draw a pie chart showing the composition of air

What percentage of each component is present in air?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 58
- Chart paper
- Colored pencils
- Reference materials

- Chart assessment - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Composition of air - The presence of oxygen in the air
Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air
- Conduct an experiment to show that oxygen supports burning
- Show curiosity in investigating air components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up an experiment with a candle, water, and a glass jar
- Light the candle and cover it with the jar
- Observe what happens to the candle and water level
- Discuss why the candle goes out and water rises in the jar
- Conclude that oxygen in air supports burning

How can we demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 58
- Candle
- Glass jar
- Water
- Beaker
- Matchbox
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of oxygen

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Oral questions

Matter

Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air
Composition of air - Air pollution
Composition of air - Air pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explain the importance of carbon (IV) oxide for plants
- Show interest in learning about air components

- Define air pollution
- Identify causes of air pollution
- Show concern for air quality

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and write down uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explore how plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
- Discuss how carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers
- Investigate other uses of carbon dioxide in beverages
- Study pictures showing air pollution events
- Discuss causes of air pollution shown in the pictures
- Use digital devices to search for the meaning of air pollution
- Brainstorm on the meaning of air pollution

What are the uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature?
What is air pollution and what causes it?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of carbon dioxide
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing uses of nitrogen and other gases
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 62
- Pictures showing air pollutants

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of air pollution on human health
- Describe how air pollution affects plants
- Show concern for the effects of air pollution

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how someone would feel when breathing in smoke or dust
- Study pictures showing effects of air pollution on plants
- Discuss the effects of air pollution on health and environment
- Share personal experiences related to air pollution

How does air pollution affect the environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 64
- Pictures showing effects of air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 65
- Dictionary
- Chart paper

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe effects of air pollution in the local environment
- Record observations of air pollution effects
- Show concern for air quality in the community

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take a walk around the school environment with teacher guidance
- Observe signs of air pollution
- Record effects such as breathing problems, eye irritation, poor visibility, and plant damage
- Discuss observations with classmates

What effects of air pollution can we observe in our environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 65
- Notebook
- Writing materials
- Digital cameras (if available)

- Field observations - Written records - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of reducing air pollution
- Search for information on pollution reduction
- Value clean air in the environment

- Describe proper ventilation as a method of reducing air pollution
- Explain the importance of ventilation in buildings
- Value proper ventilation for health

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for methods of reducing air pollution
- Discuss and write down methods of reducing air pollution
- Explore personal actions that can reduce air pollution
- Share findings with classmates
- Discuss the meaning and importance of proper ventilation
- Study pictures showing ventilation systems
- Discuss how ventilation reduces indoor air pollution
- Identify ventilation features in the classroom and school

How can we reduce air pollution in our environment?
How does proper ventilation help reduce air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Notebook
- Writing materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 68
- Picture of Dandora dumpsite
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 69
- Pictures of ventilation systems
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 70
- Picture of VIP latrine

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions
- Oral presentations - Written work - Observation

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution
Composition of air - Safety precautions when working in an air polluted environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain tree planting as a method of reducing air pollution
- Describe how trees clean the air
- Show interest in environmental conservation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study picture showing children planting trees
- Discuss how trees clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide
- Explain how trees trap dust particles
- Discuss the importance of tree planting for air quality

How do trees help reduce air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 71
- Picture of tree planting
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Safety equipment (goggles, masks, gloves)
- Pictures of safety equipment

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Community engagement
Composition of air - Assessment and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a community awareness campaign on air pollution
- Create posters on air pollution reduction
- Show responsibility for community air quality

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss ways to engage the community in reducing air pollution
- Plan a school campaign on air pollution awareness
- Create posters about reducing air pollution
- Discuss proper waste disposal in the community

How can we engage the community in reducing air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 72
- Manila papers
- Colored markers
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 73
- Poem about air
- Self-assessment worksheets

- Poster assessment - Campaign plan - Group participation

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Examples of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common levers used in day to day life
- Demonstrate the use of common levers
- Appreciate the role of levers in making work easier

- Identify various levers in the home and school environment
- Explain how levers function as simple machines
- Show interest in understanding levers in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit a playground to identify and play on a see-saw
- Demonstrate the use of simple items like bottle openers, scissors, spoons, and spades
- Discuss how these items make work easier
- Use digital devices to watch animation videos of levers or simple machines
- Identify simple machines from the video
- Visit a local carpenter to observe and try using tools like hammers
- Discuss experiences using these tools

What are common examples of levers?
How do levers make our work easier?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 108
- Bottle opener
- Scissors
- Spoon
- Spade
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 109
- Digital devices
- Hammer
- Nails
- Wood
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 110
- Pictures of various tools
- Real tools when available

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of a lever
- Explain the function of each part of a lever
- Appreciate how the arrangement of lever parts contributes to their function

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study a see-saw to identify its parts
- Discuss the roles of each part (effort, load, fulcrum)
- Relate the parts of a see-saw to general lever parts

What are the main parts of a lever?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 111
- See-saw
- Pictures of levers
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 112
- Pictures of levers with labeled parts
- Real levers when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers
Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate parts of different levers in the environment
- Draw and label parts of levers correctly
- Value the importance of understanding lever parts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for different levers using digital devices or print materials
- Identify the load, fulcrum and effort for specific examples (beam balance, wheelbarrow, spoon, etc.)
- Record and discuss findings

How do we identify parts of different levers?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 113
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Drawing materials
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 114
- Hammer
- Nail
- Wood

- Observation - Drawing and labeling task - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of second class levers
- Give examples of second class levers
- Appreciate the different classes of levers

- Compare the three classes of levers
- Classify levers into the three classes based on the arrangement of parts
- Appreciate the importance of lever classification

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open a bottle using a bottle opener to demonstrate a second class lever
- Discuss the position of the fulcrum, effort, and load in the bottle opener
- Draw diagrams showing the arrangement of parts in second class levers
- Use digital devices to search for information about classes of levers
- Create a table listing examples of the three classes of levers
- Discuss the differences between the three classes of levers

What makes a lever second class?
How does the arrangement of parts determine lever class?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 115
- Bottle opener
- Bottle of soda
- Drawing materials
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 116
- Spade
- Sand
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 118
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Chart paper

- Observation - Practical activity - Drawing activity
- Observation - Table completion task - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the uses of levers in day-to-day life
- Demonstrate how levers make work easier
- Value the importance of levers in daily activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures showing people using common levers as simple machines
- Identify the lever in each picture and state its class
- Discuss how the levers are used to make work easier
- Demonstrate how to use the levers correctly

How do levers help us in daily life?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 119
- Various levers (hole punch, pliers, scissors, etc.)
- Pictures of levers in use
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 120
- Small nails
- Wooden ruler
- Small boards
- Binding wires
- Plastic containers

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life
Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify levers in the home environment
- Explain how different levers help with household tasks
- Appreciate the role of levers in simplifying daily tasks

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make a list of simple machines in their homes
- Classify the identified household levers into the three classes
- Explain to classmates how these levers make work easier at home

What levers do we use at home?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 122
- Pictures of household levers
- Real household levers when available
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 123
- Pictures of various slopes
- Real slopes in the school compound

- Observation - List creation task - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes
Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how slopes make work easier
- Compare direct lifting to using an inclined plane
- Appreciate the mechanical advantage of using slopes

- Identify various slopes in the school environment
- Explain how slopes in the environment make work easier
- Value the importance of slopes in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Try to lift a tyre directly onto a raised platform
- Use a wooden board as a ramp to move the tyre onto the platform
- Compare the effort required in both methods
- Discuss how the inclined plane (slope) reduces the effort needed
- Take a walk around the school environment to identify different forms of slopes
- Take pictures of slopes found in the environment
- Write a report on where slopes are used to make work easier

How do slopes reduce the effort needed?
What slopes can we find in our environment?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 124
- Raised platform
- Tyre
- Wooden board
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 125
- Pictures of various slopes
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 126
- Camera/mobile phone/tablet
- Notebook
- School environment
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 127
- Pictures taken during field walk
- Notes from field observation

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions
- Observation - Field report - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure and function of wedges
- Identify examples of wedges in the environment
- Appreciate wedges as a form of slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of wedges (knives, axes, etc.)
- Discuss how wedges function as a combination of two inclined planes
- Identify examples of wedges in the school environment

How do wedges work as simple machines?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 128
- Pictures of wedges
- Real wedges when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern applications of slopes
- Explain how elevators, escalators, and cableways make work easier
- Show curiosity in technological applications of slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways
- Use digital devices to search for information on how these systems make work easier
- Discuss how these modern systems apply slope principles

How are slopes used in modern transportation?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 128
- Digital devices
- Pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 129
- Pictures of escalators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes
Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how cableways work as slope systems
- Describe the mechanical advantage of cableways
- Show interest in mechanical systems that use slopes

- Explain the importance of slopes in transportation
- Identify how slopes help in recreational areas
- Value the multiple applications of slopes in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how cableways work as transportation systems
- Use digital devices to research the structure and function of cableways
- Explain how cableways make transportation over difficult terrain easier
- Discuss how sloped roads and highways facilitate vehicle movement in hilly areas
- Explore applications of slopes in recreational areas and emergency evacuation
- Create a poster highlighting the importance of slopes in daily life

How do cableways use slope principles?
How do slopes help in transportation and recreation?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 129
- Digital devices
- Pictures of cableways
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 130
- Pictures of wheelchair ramps and accessibility slopes
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 131
- Pictures of sloped roads and recreational slopes
- Pictures showing construction ramps and emergency slides

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written work
- Observation - Poster creation - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify other importance of slopes in day-to-day life
- Explain how slopes improve efficiency in various contexts
- Value the contribution of slopes to modern society

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research and discuss additional importance of slopes in day-to-day life
- Create a presentation on the various applications of slopes
- Present findings to classmates

What other ways do slopes improve our lives?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 132
- Digital devices
- Presentation materials
- Pieces of timber/wood
- Nails
- Hammer
- Tape measure
- Saw
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 133
- Ladder
- Other adjustable slopes if available

- Observation - Presentation - Peer evaluation