Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define change of state of matter
- Identify different states of matter
- Show interest in changes of state of matter

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study the narrative about Caleb's observations when heating ice cubes
- Discuss the changes observed as the ice melts and evaporates
- Brainstorm on the meaning of change of state of matter
- Identify the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas)

How does matter change from one state to another?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 43
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing different states of matter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify changes of state when substances are heated
- Describe the process of melting
- Show curiosity about changes of state

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe a candle in its solid state
- Light the candle and observe what happens
- Discuss the change from solid to liquid state
- Record observations in notebooks
- Define melting as change from solid to liquid

What happens when solid substances are heated?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 45
- Candles
- Matchsticks
- Aluminum foil
- Safety equipment
- Water
- Sufuria
- Heat source
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 47
- Mothballs
- Beaker with lid
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 48
- Pan with lid

- Observation - Practical skills - Oral questions

Matter

Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of freezing
- Observe change from liquid to solid
- Describe the effect of cooling on matter

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe a refrigerator/freezer
- Discuss what happens to water when placed in a freezer
- Study melted candle wax or cooking fat as it cools
- Observe the transition from liquid to solid
- Define freezing

What happens when liquids are cooled?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 49
- Candles
- Cooking fat
- Spoon
- Safety equipment
- Mothballs
- Clear plastic cup
- Ice cubes
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 51
- Pictures showing applications of state change
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written records

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Search for information on applications of change of state
- Identify examples of state change in the environment
- Value the practical applications of scientific knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for applications of change of state
- Take a walk around the school environment
- Identify examples of heating and cooling applications
- Discuss findings with classmates

What are some applications of change of state in our school environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 53
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Writing materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 54
- Waste candle wax
- Wicks/string
- Small narrow bottles
- Melting container
- Safety equipment

- Oral presentations - Written work - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter
Change of state - Home application project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Repair broken plastic containers
- Apply knowledge of melting and freezing
- Practice safety when working with heat

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare a broken plastic container for repair
- Place a metal plate on a heated source
- Use the hot plate to fuse broken edges together
- Allow the plastic to cool completely
- Follow safety precautions throughout the process

How can we use the principle of melting to repair plastic items?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 55
- Broken plastic containers
- Metal plate
- Heat source
- Safety equipment (gloves, masks, goggles)
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Notebooks
- Writing materials
- Digital devices (if available)

- Project assessment - Practical skills - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Uses of changes of state of matter
Change of state - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the uses of changes of state in our lives
- Explain how life would be affected without changes of state
- Appreciate the importance of state changes in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the uses of changes of state in our lives
- Brainstorm on how people would be affected if changes of state were not possible
- Create a mind map showing applications of state changes
- Present findings to classmates

Why are changes of state important in our daily lives?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Chart paper
- Writing materials
- Digital devices (if available)
- Assessment worksheets
- Reference materials

- Mind map assessment - Oral presentations - Group discussions

Matter

Change of state - Self-assessment
Composition of air - Composition of air in the atmosphere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate their understanding of changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and improvement
- Show reflection on their learning

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete self-assessment exercises on changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and weakness
- Discuss with peers areas needing improvement
- Create a plan for improving understanding

How well do I understand the changes of state of matter?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 56
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Writing materials
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 57
- Chart showing components of air
- Digital devices

- Self-assessment - Peer assessment - Reflective writing

Matter

Composition of air - Composition of air in the atmosphere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the percentages of different components in air
- Draw a pie chart showing composition of air
- Appreciate the importance of different air components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Examine the size of different colored sections in the chart
- Determine which components take the largest and smallest percentages
- Learn the exact percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases
- Draw a pie chart showing the composition of air

What percentage of each component is present in air?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 58
- Chart paper
- Colored pencils
- Reference materials

- Chart assessment - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Composition of air - The presence of oxygen in the air
Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air
- Conduct an experiment to show that oxygen supports burning
- Show curiosity in investigating air components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up an experiment with a candle, water, and a glass jar
- Light the candle and cover it with the jar
- Observe what happens to the candle and water level
- Discuss why the candle goes out and water rises in the jar
- Conclude that oxygen in air supports burning

How can we demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 58
- Candle
- Glass jar
- Water
- Beaker
- Matchbox
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of oxygen

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Oral questions

Matter

Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explain the importance of carbon (IV) oxide for plants
- Show interest in learning about air components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and write down uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explore how plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
- Discuss how carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers
- Investigate other uses of carbon dioxide in beverages

What are the uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of carbon dioxide
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing uses of nitrogen and other gases

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Air pollution
Composition of air - Air pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define air pollution
- Identify causes of air pollution
- Show concern for air quality

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures showing air pollution events
- Discuss causes of air pollution shown in the pictures
- Use digital devices to search for the meaning of air pollution
- Brainstorm on the meaning of air pollution

What is air pollution and what causes it?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 62
- Pictures showing air pollutants

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of air pollution on human health
- Describe how air pollution affects plants
- Show concern for the effects of air pollution

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how someone would feel when breathing in smoke or dust
- Study pictures showing effects of air pollution on plants
- Discuss the effects of air pollution on health and environment
- Share personal experiences related to air pollution

How does air pollution affect the environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 64
- Pictures showing effects of air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 65
- Dictionary
- Chart paper

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe effects of air pollution in the local environment
- Record observations of air pollution effects
- Show concern for air quality in the community

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take a walk around the school environment with teacher guidance
- Observe signs of air pollution
- Record effects such as breathing problems, eye irritation, poor visibility, and plant damage
- Discuss observations with classmates

What effects of air pollution can we observe in our environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 65
- Notebook
- Writing materials
- Digital cameras (if available)

- Field observations - Written records - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of reducing air pollution
- Search for information on pollution reduction
- Value clean air in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for methods of reducing air pollution
- Discuss and write down methods of reducing air pollution
- Explore personal actions that can reduce air pollution
- Share findings with classmates

How can we reduce air pollution in our environment?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Notebook
- Writing materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 68
- Picture of Dandora dumpsite

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe proper ventilation as a method of reducing air pollution
- Explain the importance of ventilation in buildings
- Value proper ventilation for health

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the meaning and importance of proper ventilation
- Study pictures showing ventilation systems
- Discuss how ventilation reduces indoor air pollution
- Identify ventilation features in the classroom and school

How does proper ventilation help reduce air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 69
- Pictures of ventilation systems
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 70
- Picture of VIP latrine

- Oral presentations - Written work - Observation

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution
Composition of air - Safety precautions when working in an air polluted environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain tree planting as a method of reducing air pollution
- Describe how trees clean the air
- Show interest in environmental conservation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study picture showing children planting trees
- Discuss how trees clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide
- Explain how trees trap dust particles
- Discuss the importance of tree planting for air quality

How do trees help reduce air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 71
- Picture of tree planting
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Safety equipment (goggles, masks, gloves)
- Pictures of safety equipment

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Community engagement
Composition of air - Assessment and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a community awareness campaign on air pollution
- Create posters on air pollution reduction
- Show responsibility for community air quality

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss ways to engage the community in reducing air pollution
- Plan a school campaign on air pollution awareness
- Create posters about reducing air pollution
- Discuss proper waste disposal in the community

How can we engage the community in reducing air pollution?

- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 72
- Manila papers
- Colored markers
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 73
- Poem about air
- Self-assessment worksheets

- Poster assessment - Campaign plan - Group participation

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Examples of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common levers used in day to day life
- Demonstrate the use of common levers
- Appreciate the role of levers in making work easier

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit a playground to identify and play on a see-saw
- Demonstrate the use of simple items like bottle openers, scissors, spoons, and spades
- Discuss how these items make work easier

What are common examples of levers?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 108
- Bottle opener
- Scissors
- Spoon
- Spade

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Examples of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various levers in the home and school environment
- Explain how levers function as simple machines
- Show interest in understanding levers in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to watch animation videos of levers or simple machines
- Identify simple machines from the video
- Visit a local carpenter to observe and try using tools like hammers
- Discuss experiences using these tools

How do levers make our work easier?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 109
- Digital devices
- Hammer
- Nails
- Wood
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 110
- Pictures of various tools
- Real tools when available

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of a lever
- Explain the function of each part of a lever
- Appreciate how the arrangement of lever parts contributes to their function

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study a see-saw to identify its parts
- Discuss the roles of each part (effort, load, fulcrum)
- Relate the parts of a see-saw to general lever parts

What are the main parts of a lever?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 111
- See-saw
- Pictures of levers
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 112
- Pictures of levers with labeled parts
- Real levers when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers
Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate parts of different levers in the environment
- Draw and label parts of levers correctly
- Value the importance of understanding lever parts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for different levers using digital devices or print materials
- Identify the load, fulcrum and effort for specific examples (beam balance, wheelbarrow, spoon, etc.)
- Record and discuss findings

How do we identify parts of different levers?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 113
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Drawing materials
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 114
- Hammer
- Nail
- Wood

- Observation - Drawing and labeling task - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of second class levers
- Give examples of second class levers
- Appreciate the different classes of levers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open a bottle using a bottle opener to demonstrate a second class lever
- Discuss the position of the fulcrum, effort, and load in the bottle opener
- Draw diagrams showing the arrangement of parts in second class levers

What makes a lever second class?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 115
- Bottle opener
- Bottle of soda
- Drawing materials
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 116
- Spade
- Sand

- Observation - Practical activity - Drawing activity

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare the three classes of levers
- Classify levers into the three classes based on the arrangement of parts
- Appreciate the importance of lever classification

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for information about classes of levers
- Create a table listing examples of the three classes of levers
- Discuss the differences between the three classes of levers

How does the arrangement of parts determine lever class?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 118
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Chart paper

- Observation - Table completion task - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the uses of levers in day-to-day life
- Demonstrate how levers make work easier
- Value the importance of levers in daily activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures showing people using common levers as simple machines
- Identify the lever in each picture and state its class
- Discuss how the levers are used to make work easier
- Demonstrate how to use the levers correctly

How do levers help us in daily life?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 119
- Various levers (hole punch, pliers, scissors, etc.)
- Pictures of levers in use
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 120
- Small nails
- Wooden ruler
- Small boards
- Binding wires
- Plastic containers

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life
Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify levers in the home environment
- Explain how different levers help with household tasks
- Appreciate the role of levers in simplifying daily tasks

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make a list of simple machines in their homes
- Classify the identified household levers into the three classes
- Explain to classmates how these levers make work easier at home

What levers do we use at home?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 122
- Pictures of household levers
- Real household levers when available
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 123
- Pictures of various slopes
- Real slopes in the school compound

- Observation - List creation task - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes
Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how slopes make work easier
- Compare direct lifting to using an inclined plane
- Appreciate the mechanical advantage of using slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Try to lift a tyre directly onto a raised platform
- Use a wooden board as a ramp to move the tyre onto the platform
- Compare the effort required in both methods
- Discuss how the inclined plane (slope) reduces the effort needed

How do slopes reduce the effort needed?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 124
- Raised platform
- Tyre
- Wooden board
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 125
- Pictures of various slopes

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various slopes in the school environment
- Explain how slopes in the environment make work easier
- Value the importance of slopes in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take a walk around the school environment to identify different forms of slopes
- Take pictures of slopes found in the environment
- Write a report on where slopes are used to make work easier

What slopes can we find in our environment?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 126
- Camera/mobile phone/tablet
- Notebook
- School environment
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 127
- Pictures taken during field walk
- Notes from field observation

- Observation - Field report - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure and function of wedges
- Identify examples of wedges in the environment
- Appreciate wedges as a form of slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of wedges (knives, axes, etc.)
- Discuss how wedges function as a combination of two inclined planes
- Identify examples of wedges in the school environment

How do wedges work as simple machines?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 128
- Pictures of wedges
- Real wedges when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern applications of slopes
- Explain how elevators, escalators, and cableways make work easier
- Show curiosity in technological applications of slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways
- Use digital devices to search for information on how these systems make work easier
- Discuss how these modern systems apply slope principles

How are slopes used in modern transportation?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 128
- Digital devices
- Pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 129
- Pictures of escalators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes
Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how cableways work as slope systems
- Describe the mechanical advantage of cableways
- Show interest in mechanical systems that use slopes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how cableways work as transportation systems
- Use digital devices to research the structure and function of cableways
- Explain how cableways make transportation over difficult terrain easier

How do cableways use slope principles?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 129
- Digital devices
- Pictures of cableways
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 130
- Pictures of wheelchair ramps and accessibility slopes

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of slopes in transportation
- Identify how slopes help in recreational areas
- Value the multiple applications of slopes in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how sloped roads and highways facilitate vehicle movement in hilly areas
- Explore applications of slopes in recreational areas and emergency evacuation
- Create a poster highlighting the importance of slopes in daily life

How do slopes help in transportation and recreation?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 131
- Pictures of sloped roads and recreational slopes
- Pictures showing construction ramps and emergency slides

- Observation - Poster creation - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify other importance of slopes in day-to-day life
- Explain how slopes improve efficiency in various contexts
- Value the contribution of slopes to modern society

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research and discuss additional importance of slopes in day-to-day life
- Create a presentation on the various applications of slopes
- Present findings to classmates

What other ways do slopes improve our lives?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 132
- Digital devices
- Presentation materials
- Pieces of timber/wood
- Nails
- Hammer
- Tape measure
- Saw
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 133
- Ladder
- Other adjustable slopes if available

- Observation - Presentation - Peer evaluation