NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Basic terms used in business.
Book-keeping Equation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define basic terms used in business.
State characteristics of assets / liabilities.

In groups, learners are guided to:



Brief discussion on the terms debtor, creditor, asset, liability and capital.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 92-95

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Balance sheet.
Importance of a balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Guided preparation of a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 97-98

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Book-keeping equation and balance sheet.
Net worth of a business.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate book-keeping equation with balance sheet

In groups, learners are guided to:
Guided discovery;

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III pg 99

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Types of business transactions.
Effects of transactions on the balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give examples of business transactions.
Define the term deferred payment.
Give examples of credit transactions.

In groups, learners are guided to:



Probing questions;
Oral questions;
Brief guided discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 103

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Changes in capital: Drawing.
Additional investments.
Profit & losses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Explain how drawings affect capital.

In groups, learners are guided to:


Worked examples
Supervised practice.
Exercise.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 108-9

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
THE LEDGER.

Initial and final capital of a business.
Meaning and purpose of a ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the capital at the end of a given period.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Work through examples;
Group activities;
Guided discussion.

text book
A ledger book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 111

THE LEDGER.

Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.
The concept of double entry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a ledger A/Cs.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition and summary in tabular form

A ledger.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III 118-120

THE LEDGER.

Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.
Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

Ledger.
The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120-5

THE LEDGER.

Purchase returns.
Sale returns.
Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 129-130

THE LEDGER.

Drawings in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record drawings in a ledger account.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 132

THE LEDGER.

Balancing ledger accounts.
Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance ledger accounts.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.

The Ledger.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 133-4

THE LEDGER.

Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of new concepts;
Guided discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 138-9

THE LEDGER.

The general ledger.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of the general ledger.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Oral questions;
Guided discussion.

Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 141

THE CASH BOOK

Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.

In groups, learners are guided to:



Worked examples.
Written assignment.

Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 151-2

THE CASH BOOK
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The three-column cash book.
Introduction and Cash Receipts
Invoice
Debit Note and Credit Note

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

3-column cash book.
Sample receipts, cash register examples, receipt books
Sample invoices, calculators, discount calculation worksheets
Sample debit notes, credit notes (red colored), comparison charts

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 156-9

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Payment Voucher and Introduction to Books of Original Entry
Sales Journal
Posting from Sales Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of payment vouchers; Explain vouching process; Define books of original entry; List the various subsidiary books

In groups, learners are guided to:
Examination of payment vouchers; Practical voucher completion; Introduction to subsidiary books concept; Overview of all journal types

Payment vouchers, petty cash vouchers, chart of all books of original entry
Sales invoices, sales journal format, sample credit sales transactions
Sales journal, sales ledger accounts, general ledger format, posting examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 6-7

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Sales Returns Journal and Posting
Purchases Journal
Posting from Purchases Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of sales returns journal; Prepare sales returns journal; Post to individual debtors accounts and returns inwards account; Complete double entry

In groups, learners are guided to:
Examination of credit notes; Preparation of sales returns journal; Complete posting exercise to both ledgers; Discussion on returns concept

Credit notes issued, sales returns journal format, ledger accounts
Purchase invoices, purchases journal format, sample credit purchase transactions
Purchases journal, purchases ledger, general ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 12-14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases Returns Journal and Posting
Cash Receipts Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare purchases returns journal; Record goods returned to suppliers; Post to creditors accounts and returns outwards account; Use credit notes received

In groups, learners are guided to:
Examination of credit notes received; Preparation of purchases returns journal; Complete posting exercise; Discussion on returns outwards concept

Credit notes received, purchases returns journal format, ledger accounts
Cash receipts journal format, sample receipts, cash sales data

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 16-19

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Cash Receipts Journal
Cash Payments Journal and Posting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post totals to cash book and bank account; Post individual amounts to relevant accounts; Post discount totals to general ledger; Complete double entry

In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration of posting procedure; Practical exercise posting to cash book and ledgers; Discussion on relationship with cash book

Cash receipts journal, cash book format, general ledger accounts
Cash payments journal format, payment vouchers, receipts, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 19-22

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The Petty Cash Book - Imprest System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain petty cash concept; Define and apply imprest system; Identify features of petty cash book; Understand petty cashier responsibilities

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on petty cash concept; Introduction to imprest system; Examination of petty cash book format; Explanation of reimbursement process

Petty cash book format, sample petty cash vouchers, imprest system examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 25

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Petty Cash Book Preparation and Analysis
Posting from Petty Cash Book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare petty cash book with analysis columns; Record petty cash transactions; Balance petty cash book; Apply imprest system practically

In groups, learners are guided to:
Step-by-step preparation of petty cash book; Practical exercise with analysis columns; Balancing and reimbursement calculations; Group work on petty cash scenarios

Petty cash transactions, analysis cash book format, calculator, petty cash vouchers
Petty cash book, general ledger accounts, purchases ledger

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 25-30

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Analysis Cash Book
General Journal - Introduction and Fixed Assets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in analysis cash book; Use analysis columns for receipts and payments; Apply to non-profit organizations; Post analysis totals

In groups, learners are guided to:
Preparation of analysis cash book for organizations; Discussion on analysis column selection; Practical exercise for football club; Posting totals to accounts

Analysis cash book format, sample transactions for club/society, ledger accounts
General journal format, fixed asset transaction examples, calculator for gains/losses

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 31-35

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

General Journal - Opening Entries
General Journal - Closing Entries and Error Corrections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare opening entries for new businesses; Record assets, liabilities and capital; Calculate capital as balancing figure; Apply double entry principles

In groups, learners are guided to:
Practical exercise preparing opening entries; Step-by-step calculation of capital; Discussion on starting new books of accounts; Review of double entry

Opening balance data, general journal format, calculator
Sample closing entries, error correction scenarios, transfer examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 37-39

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Importance of Journals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals; Explain benefits to business operations; Understand fraud prevention aspects; Analyze efficiency improvements

In groups, learners are guided to:
Group discussion on journal importance; Analysis of business benefits; Case study on fraud prevention; Debate on manual vs computerized systems

Discussion prompts, case study materials, summary charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 40